为了研究河北省区域内是否存在环境不平等问题,选取2004-2014年工业废水、工业S02、工业粉尘排放和工业能源消费4项指标,计算河北省的资源环境基尼系数和绿色贡献系数.河北省工业粉尘排放和工业能源消费的资源环境基尼系数均超过了“警戒线”,表明河北省存在明显的区域环境不平等问题.邢台市4项指标的绿色贡献系数均小于1,除工业废水排放指标外,邯郸和唐山其他3项指标的绿色贡献系数也均小于1,表明上述三市的污染排放和资源消耗的贡献率大于GDP的贡献率,平等性较差,是引起河北省环境不平等的主要因子.要改变河北省区域环境不平等的现状,邢台、邯郸和唐山需要转变经济发展模式,实现经济、资源和环境的协调发展.该研究可为河北省资源环境的合理分配提供理论依据.
Developing mining cities encounter a conflict between economy and water resources,making a necessity in developing economy under limited water resources and preventing water pollution. This paper uses multiple objectives optimization method to set up a model including society,economy,water supply and demand,water environmental improvement,which is applied to forecast and analyze Ordosu0027 s economy,water resources and water environment by means of Lingo software from 2014—2025. After three polluted water processing technologies were applied and industrial structure was adjusted,Ordosu0027 s water can be recycled up to 73. 9%,equivalent to 93 950 000 m3 in addition. COD in polluted water decreases by 24%,and economy rises by 7. 4%,achieving sustainable development in mining city. Such an optimized evaluation model can provide a workable plan for coordinated development of regional environment and resources,offering references for government to make rational resources and environment policy.
Heavy minerals survey as an economic prospecting had been widely applied during 1960 to 1980 with regional survey. It accumulated large quantity of data,which had been systematically processed in recent ten years during national mineral resource assessment project. This paper analyzes its issues and outlook of heavy minerals prospecting,concludes that heavy minerals and their combination indicate many kinds of metals deposits including gold and silver,black metal and partial non-metallic minerals,determine the genesis of deposits,and look for possible magmatic intrusions. It also can be used to study regional petrology,structures,regional structural framework. This paper presents approaches to heavy minerals and data application.
Resources-based cities in ethnic areas have long been focusing on development of natural resources,leading to marginalization and being idle of rich ethnic cultures,and then to an underdeveloped ethnic culture industry. In order to promote the sustainable development of resources-based cities in ethnic areas,ethnic culture industries shall be developed to adjust and optimize their industrial structure. Based on a case study on Liupanshui city,this paper analyzes its ethnic culture features and situation and discusses its strategy. Liupanshui shall make full use of its original advantages and developing ethnic culture resources,and combine ethnic culture with tourism based on regional tourism with featured ethnic and region culture,and develop ethnic culture industry by using industrialization mechanism.
Shale-gas exploration rights bidding plays an aggressive role for Chinau0027s shale gas exploration in funds guarantee and technical support. China hosts marine,continental and marine-continental mudstone-shale,which is characterized by strong structural remolding,many preservation modes and deep buried depth. Variable geology led to multiple shale-gas development types and modes. Block optimization of bidding shale-gas exploration rights shall be based on the block geology,data collection,resource estimation,feasibility study,and shale thickness,buried depth,organic matters concentration,organic maturation,fracturing,and economic assessment. Block optimization method applies to bid shale-gas exploration rights.
This paper,based on identification of financial risks,sets up assessment index system of financial risks which is given weight by using Delphi,and constructs assessment model based on TOPSIS and GRA,which is employed to assess the financial risks of the major target countries for Chinese investors. Risks are small in Canada,Mexico,Russia and Australia,but relatively high in South Africa,Kazakhstan,Chile and Brazil,higher in India and Argentina. Investors must consider the financial risks while investing.
The new urbanization is a historical opportunity for China to realize sustainable development,but China has to face illness and rising natural disasters. China's urban environmental issues are complicated and comprehensive,making them difficult to handle. Governments shall find innovation to make decisions. Public involvement is a key part in urban environmental management,which shall be encouraged and cultivated on its effective mechanism. Community environmental protection association is a major form for public involvement. It is a bridge to society-economy-environment,a step of urban environmental management through incremental adjustments and also an innovation and practice of mass line.
This paper elaborates personal and property safety issues of Chinese mining enterprises and presents approaches and suggestions. The personal and property safety issues come mainly from regional military conflicts or wars,terrorism,social security,policy changes and hostile forces. This paper,based on communications with mining experts and managers and the Western's success,presents six suggestions in enhancing security system construction,actively consulting and contacting Chinese consulates,communicating local NGOs,keeping contact with Chinese overseas commercial associations,coordinating with local trade union and setting up harmonious community. China should establish and optimize personal and property safety systems for Chinese overseas mining enterprises asap with principal of prevention than handling.
This paper,based on the risks identification of strategic targets selection of overseas copper resources development,and combined with expert survey,sets up evaluation index system,and uses Matlab to establish cloudmaterial-element theoretical risks evaluation model of strategic targets selection of overseas copper resources development,which is used to evaluate the risks in twelve copper-rich countries. Results indicate a lower risk in Chile,Peru,Canada,Australia and Zambia,consistent with enterprises' practice,meaning the model is useful.
This paper introduces the development of America's tight oil,analyzes its impacts on America's domestic and international oil and gas markets with the methods of statistics and comparison,and discusses its outlook. Rise in America's tight oil production is adding crude oil supply globally,which will lower oil price. America will possibly relieve the ban in exporting crude oil. Technical innovation will boost the efficiency in developing tight oil. If the ban is still on,America will maintain its crude oil production of 430 000 t / d,leaving price room for other countries to develop tight oil. If the ban is off,America will double its tight oil production,which probably restrains the tight oil production in other countries.
This paper,based on 110 countries' 1960—2009 panel data,uses threshold cointegration model to verify the feasibility of environmental Kuznets hypothesis. Countries can be divided into three categories by threshold values20 218 and 311 dollars,their GDP per capita are 125,4 537 and 26 452 dollars respectively. They are also divided by incomes into low,middle and high groups via significant threshold error correction coefficients 0. 805,-0. 234 and1. 802,indicating no environmental Kuznets curve effect among high and low income groups,but in the middle income group with turning point at 8 543. 62 dollars. These results are also consistent with traditional method and actuality.This paper concludes that the developed countries of high income shall take the major responsibility in reducing global carbon dioxide emission.
This paper,aiming at learning from foreign community banks and improving Chinese banks' services and efficiency to community and small business and exploring the feasibility of Chinese community banks,establishes a dynamic breakeven model to evaluate community bank's benefits and financial feasibility. The current benefits model comes from the deposit-loan interest variance,which is weakened by changes in interest market. Bank's cost is increasing. This situation impacts community bank's balance variance trend. This paper presents suggestions on how resources should be allocated on community banks. It is of financial feasibility for China to set up community banks,which is also an innovation and optimization of the existing financial systems. An influence of interest marketing and added cost on community banks' operation of a minimum deposit is acceptable. Adding non-interest income is the direction to increase the resources allocation efficiency of community banks.
The unisonous development among population,resources,environment and economy is effective to promote the regional sustainable development. This paper,based on a case study on Nanning,analyzes Nanningu0027s PREDu0027s development in 2005—2012,establishes circular composite system of regional population,resources,environment and development,and sets up comprehensive evaluation index system of regional PRED system by using entropy and comprehensive evaluation,which is used to measure each systemu0027s coordination degree. Nanningu0027s PRED system in majority is in sustainable development. Its comprehensive coordination fell in 2008 and in 2010,but rose in rest years.This paper suggests Nanning shall go further in sustainable development based on the past experiences in optimizing popular structure,caring resources utilization and environmental protection,and actively developing external-oriented economy.
This paper evaluates the cost benefits of a large oil fieldu0027s level 1 blocks so as to provide references for extracting oil. Based on differential rent theory,this paper establishes a cost benefits evaluation model of oil field block from exploration cost and extraction cost in consideration of the differential effect of reservoir geology and exploration stage on cost benefits. AHP is employed to rank their cost levels among 25 blocks,which are classified into four levels,highly effective,intermedium effective,low effective and no effective by means of clustering analysis. Causes are given for the low effective and no effective blocks. This paper presents approaches to increasing cost benefits in optimizing blocks,allocating production planning from maximizing benefits principle and intensifying technical research.
China recently always issued supportive policies for promoting distributed photovoltaic power,but gained a weak response. Experts forecast a falling speed of its development,and show a dark outlook. Either from China's energy strategy or from saving photovoltaic power industry,the distributed photovoltaic power is important to China.This paper,based on the situation of China's distributed photovoltaic power that a long payback,lack of confidence in China's policy continuity and execution of policy impede the growth of this photovoltaic industry,presents approaches from diversifying financing channels,guiding industry and improving administrative efficiency.
Mineral reserve place can help maintain China's global position in preponderant minerals,increase speaking power,guarantee supply of bulk mineral resources,and promote the global allocation and sustainable use of mineral resources. This paper,based on the geology of Tibetan Plateau,discusses the necessity of Tibetan Plateau as mineral reserve place from national economic security,ecology,balancing resources allocation,increasing global market speaking power,defusing over production capacity,views from minerals,location,exploration extent and works,and presents suggestions in setting up mineral reserve places exclusive fund,establishing management system and planning.
This paper selects Pingshuo coal mine,China's biggest open pit,and uses ENVI and Arc GIS based on remote sensing images to study vegetation carbon pool change from 1987—2010,and estimates its carbon pool values.In 1987 woods carbon pool quantity was 89. 95% of whole vegetation,and fell as mine got bigger,and rebounded a little after due to restoration. Grass carbon pool quantity had a small percentage,fell then rose by 2. 98% in 2010 than in 1987. Farmland carbon pool quantity fell continuously by 21. 30% by 2010,which relates to rising mining and farmland-back-to-woods policy. Carbon pool values vary with land use types,and positively with their quantity in woods,farmland and grassland.
This paper,taking Chinau0027s ocean as research target,establishes an evaluation index system of oceanic ecology loading capacity including three factors of society,economy and nature,applies improved AD-AS model to calculate the comprehensive loading capacity of Chinau0027s oceanic ecology system from 2007—2011 according to the balance between gross supply and gross demand,aiming at offering references for China to develop ocean resources and realize sustainable development. The comprehensive loading capacity of Chinau0027s oceanic ecology is slightly rising from2007 to 2011,climbing at peak in 2008. The loading level is at loadable,less than their loading capacity of Chinau0027s oceanic ecology.
This paper applies shift-share model to study the industrial structures in the Yangtze River Delta,analyzes their 2005—2011 industrial data and 231-typeindustrial structures in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,compared with the whole country and the Yangtze River Delta. Share component,industrial structure shift component and competitiveness component are used to evaluate their 17 industrial departments and to analyze their shift of economy growth in regional average,to evaluate their advantages in regional economy structure and competitiveness,and to determine the future direction of economic development and industrial structure adjustment principals. This paper presents suggestion in optimizing industrial structures for the Yangtze River Delta.
This paper uses decoupling index model to analyze the relation between urban land intensive use and lowcarbon economy with result showing a rising low-carbon economy and land intensive use during 2002—2012. The decoupling displays transition from non-ideal to ideal state,denoting a notable positive relation between low carbon economy and land intensive use that the latter effectively promotes the former. Tianjing's low carbon economic growth exceeded the rise of land intensive use during 2010—2012,implying their interaction. Adjusting industrial structure and transforming economy may keep a continuous development of the low carbon economy and land intensive use,then realize a win-win phase.
