Objective:To explore the impact of glyphosate on renal function and its biomarkers in male occupationally exposed individuals, providing reference for glyphosate toxicity research.Methods:From May to June 2024, 32 male workers who had been engaged in glyphosate production and had detectable glyphosate in their urine were selected as the exposure group, and another 30 male workers without a history of occupational exposure to toxic substances were selected as the control group. Questionnaires and occupational health examinations were conducted for the workers, and the levels of renal function biomarkers and glyphosate concentrations in their biological samples were detected. Independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to analyze the differences and correlations among the various indicators. Results:The urine glyphosate concentration of the exposure group was 11.05 (3.95, 21.75) ng/ml, the urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was 4.80 (2.05, 8.95) U/L, and the urine β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) level was 0.08 (0.08, 0.23) mg/L. The NAG activity and β 2-MG levels of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group[2.70 (1.55, 2.80) U/L, 0.08 (0.08, 0.08) mg/L] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), cystatin C (Cys-C), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the abnormal detection rates of the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). The correlations between the urine glyphosate concentration and the levels of various renal injury biomarkers in the exposure group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:Long-term occupational exposure to glyphosate may cause a slight increase in NAG activity and β 2-MG levels in the urine of male workers, suggesting an early impact on the renal tubules. Although no clear renal damage or dose-effect relationship was found, it is still recommended to conduct regular monitoring of renal tubular function for workers continuously engaged in glyphosate production.
In July 2025, the Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Centre for Occupational Disease admitted 5 patients with occupational acute radiation-induced skin injury caused by an X-ray radiation accident. Through occupational field investigation, clinical data collection, combined with chromosome aberration analysis, micronucleus assay, bilateral hand magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumor markers, immunological indicators, endocrine indicators, as well as on-site physical dose estimation, a systematic clinical diagnosis and treatment analysis was conducted for the 5 patients. All 5 patients presented with numbness, pain, and erythema with swelling in the irradiated fingers. The severity of skin injuries ranged from erythema, hyperpigmentation, and darkening to fissures, desquamation, and blister formation, with 1 case developing large blisters on the right index, middle, and ring fingers. MRI examination revealed inflammatory changes in the soft tissues as well as subcutaneous and interosseous fluid accumulation in 2 cases. Immunological examination showed decreased peripheral NK cell/lymphocyte ratios (0.06) in 2 cases, and decreased CD3+CD4+T cell/lymphocyte ratio (0.22) and CD3+CD4+T cell/CD3+CD8+ T cell ratio (0.007) in 1 case. Physical dose estimation yielded a minimum hand skin absorbed dose of 4.64-9.28 Gy and a maximum of 14.82-29.64 Gy, with cumulative whole-body effective doses ranging from 1.8 to 4.6 mSv. The 5 patients were diagnosed with occupational acute radiation skin injury grade Ⅳ (3 cases), grade Ⅱ (1 case), and grade Ⅰ (1 case), respectively, and were treated with comprehensive therapy including local anti-inflammation, tissue healing promotion, infection prevention, microcirculation improvement, antioxidant therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The clinical manifestations of acute radiation skin injury caused by external X-ray exposure are primarily correlated with the absorbed dose, and biological and physical dose estimations serve as essential early diagnostic tools, with comprehensive therapy remaining the mainstay of current treatment.
To report the treatment experience of two cases of occupational acute cyanide poisoning. Both of the two patients were transport truck drivers who entered a storage tank of the transport truck to inspect the empying of wastewater containing sodium cyanide and to clean the tank without any protective measures on November 14, 2024. They suffered acute poisoning due to inhalation of hydrogen cyanide and dermal contact with sodium cyanide aqueous solution. One patient (case 1) had severe poisoning, presenting with coma, paroxysmal tonic convulsions of limbs, respiratory failure, and metabolic acidosis. After receiving tracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation, specific antidotes (methylene blue 10 mg/kg combined with sodium thiosulfate, total dose 18.75 g), correction of acidosis, and prevention of cerebral edema, the patient regained consciousness and was weaned from ventilator on day 1, and was discharged on day 10 with no neurological sequelae at half month follow up. The other patient (case 2) had mild poisoning, presenting with dizziness, nausea, and chest tightness, and recovered after symptomatic supportive treatment. It is suggested that early administration of specific antidotes combined with respiratory support and prevention of cerebral edema are the keys to the treatment of severe cyanide poisoning, and the awareness of occupational safety protection should be strengthened for workers operating in confined spaces.
This article reports a case of occupational acute chlorfenapyr poisoning, and discusses the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and occupational exposure features of occupational acute chlorfenapyr poisoning. The clinical manifestations of chlorfenapyr poisoning patients predominantly include general poisoning symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and unsteady gait, as well as non-specific neurological damage. The mortality rate of chlorfenapyr poisoning is high, and there is no specific antidote. Both early blood purification and symptomatic supportive treatment are crucial. However, in this case, the exposure dose was relatively small and the treatment was timely, resulting in a good prognosis.
Benzene is a widely used organic solvent, and its toxicity to the hematopoietic system has received extensive attention. Long-term benzene exposure primarily leads to hematological diseases such as aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, and leukemia. Benzene is not a direct ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), But its metabolites such as hydroquinone (HQ) and 1, 4-benzoquinone (1, 4-BQ) could activate AhR through ligand-independent mechanisms, thereby initiating downstream intracellular signaling pathways and exerting hematopoietic toxicity. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as an important intracellular signaling platform, may play a significant role in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. However, whether AhR activation can directly regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the chronic benzene poisoning-induced hematopoietic injury model remains to be experimentally verified. Benzene and its metabolites activate AhR, subsequently inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated oxidative stress which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through multiple signaling pathways, ultimately leading to hematopoietic system damage. This article reviews the progress on the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AhR-ROS pathway in benzene metabolite-induced hematopoietic toxicity, providing a theoretical basis for targeted pharmacotherapy of benzene poisoning-related hematological diseases.
Objective:To establish an ultra microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the determination of bismuth and bismuth telluride in workplace air.Methods:In November 2024, workplace air samples were collected with mixed cellulose ester filters. After ultra microwave digestion at 130 ℃ for 10 minutes, ICP-OES was used to simultaneously determine bismuth and tellurium. The content of bismuth telluride was calculated by converting bismuth or telluride based on the on-site investigation. The performance indicators such as detection limit and quantitative limit of the method were analyzed.Results:The linear range of ICP-OES for determining bismuth and tellurium was 0.04-30 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.9990. The detection limit of bismuth was 0.005 mg/L. Based on the sampling volume of 75 L and the dilution volume of 50 ml, the minimum detectable concentration of bismuth telluride was 0.006 mg/m 3 and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.020 mg/m 3. The detection limit of tellurium was 0.006 mg/L. The minimum detectable concentration of bismuth telluride was 0.008 mg/m 3 and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.028 mg/m 3. The digestion efficiency of bismuth was 99.1%-100.0%, the intra-batch precision was 0.42%-0.51%, and the inter-batch precision was 0.50%-0.82%. The digestion efficiency of tellurium was 101.2%-103.3%, the intra-batch precision was 0.53%-0.80%, and the inter-batch precision was 0.57%-0.92%. Bismuth and tellurium were stable at room temperature within 7 days. The interference elements (silver, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) at 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L did not affect the detection of bismuth and tellurium. In the determination of simulated bismuth telluride samples, the relative deviation of bismuth was -3.8% to 4.9% and the relative deviation of tellurium was -2.1% to 6.5%. Conclusion:The ICP-OES method is simple, efficient, environmentally friendly, with high digestion efficiency and good precision. It has good selectivity and anti-interference ability and is suitable for the determination of bismuth and bismuth telluride in workplace air under various conditions.
With the increasing complexity of the work environment and intensifying competitive pressure, occupational stress has become one of the important factors affecting workers' health and organizational effectiveness. Systematically summarizing occupational stress prevention and intervention methods helps to integrate current research findings and practical experience, identify key elements and research gaps in intervention strategies, and provide theoretical support for the research and formulation of future intervention methods. This paper systematically compares the differences in occupational stress prevention and intervention measures among countries at different economic development levels, and reveals that the concept of occupational stress prevention and intervention has gradually shifted from individual-centered to multi-level comprehensive governance, and there are obvious differences in intervention priorities, implementation paths and resource allocation among countries at different economic development levels. This paper explores and constructs a multi-level comprehensive intervention strategy for occupational stress to achieve health equity.
Objective:To establish a rapid method for 62 psychotropic drugs in plasma using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) .Methods:In January 2025, plasma samples were extracted by methanol∶acetonitrile (1∶1, V/ V), and then gradient eluted using a C18 column with an aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate in methanol as the mobile phase. Positive and negative ion rapid switching scanning modes were used, and segmented multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for analysis. Quantification was performed by the external standard method. Results:There were a good linear relationships for 62 psychotropic drugs in plasma with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9976 to 0.9999. The recovery rates of spiked samples at low, medium and high concentrations ranged from 90.7% to 107.9%, with relative standard deviations for intra-batch and inter-batch precision ranging from 0.9% to 11.1%.Conclusion:This method is simple, fast, and suitable for clinical poisoning detection, and for the simultaneous determination of 62 psychotropic drugs in plasma.
Objective:To investigate the health effects of hand-transmitted vibration operations on municipal maintenance workers, and to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of hand-transmitted vibration hazards in the future.Methods:In October 2023, using the cluster sampling method, 96 municipal maintenance workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration in a certain city were selected as the research subjects. The personal history, occupational history and other information of the workers were collected, and the scores of symptoms such as hand numbness, hand pain, and white fingers were calculated. The 4 hour and 8 hour energy equivalent frequency weighted vibration acceleration values were calculated, and the cumulative vibration exposure level (CVEL) was estimated and used for grouping. Combined with the results of the two-point discriminatory test and cold water rewarming test on both hands, the CVEL of hand-transmitted vibration was analyzed as a continuous variable and a categorical variable to explore the impact of CVEL of hand-transmitted vibration on the health of the workers.Results:The CVEL of hand-transmitted vibration for municipal maintenance workers was (4.64±0.35) m/s 2. Among them, the low-exposure group (33 people) had CVEL<4.469 m/s 2, the middle-exposure group (30 people) had 4.469-4.842 m/s 2, and the high-exposure group (33 people) had CVEL>4.842 m/s 2. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and working years, the CVEL of hand-transmitted vibration of municipal maintenance workers was positively associated with the score of hand symptoms ( β=1.18, P=0.043), and positively associated with the two-point discriminatory threshold of both hands ( βleft hand=2.34, βright hand=2.75, P<0.001), but negatively associated with the 10-minute cold water rewarming rate of the left hand ( β=-17.95, P=0.017). Compared with the low-exposure group of hand-transmitted vibration CVEL, the two-point discriminatory threshold of both hands in the middle and high-exposure groups increased significantly (middle-exposure group: βleft hand=0.94, βright hand=1.03, high-exposure group: βleft hand=2.19, βright hand=1.97; P<0.001) . Conclusion:The increase in hand-transmitted vibration CVEL is associated with peripheral neurological dysfunction, impaired microcirculation and aggravated hand symptoms. The health risks of workers with high exposure levels of hand-transmitted vibration are particularly prominent.
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of newly reported occupational diseases in Binhai New Area, Tianjin City from 2010 to 2023, thereby providing evidence for occupational disease prevention and control.Methods:In February 2025, case data on occupational diseases reported in the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factor Monitoring Information System from 2010 to 2023, along with corresponding population statistics of Binhai New Area during the same period, were collected. The annual incidence rate trend was analyzed using segmented linear regression (with 2016 as the cutoff year) and supplemented by the Cochran-Armitage trend chi-square test, with the incidence rate (1/100000) as the dependent variable and the year as the independent variable. Additionally, the economic type, enterprise scale, and industry distribution of newly emerging occupational enterprises were analyzed.Results:A total of 320 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Binhai New Area from 2010 to 2023, predominantly occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (128 cases, 40.00%), occupational otorhinolaryngological and oral diseases (98 cases, 30.63%), and occupational chemical poisoning (72 cases, 22.50%). There were 276 males (86.25%) and 44 females (13.75%). The mean age at diagnosis was 48.35 ± 11.55 years old, and the median working duration was 17.0 years. The annual incidence rate showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2016 ( t=2.73, P=0.026) and a decreasing trend from 2016 to 2023 ( t=-4.37, P=0.001). In terms of economic types, foreign-invested enterprises (150 cases, 46.87%) and state-owned enterprises (133 cases, 41.56%) were predominant. Large enterprises (172 cases, 53.75%) and medium-sized enterprises (87 cases, 27.19%) accounted for the majority of cases. Manufacturing was the most affected industry (260 cases, 81.25%). The differences in distributions of new occupational diseases among different economic types, enterprise scales, and industries were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The traditional occupational hazard factors persist in Binhai New Area. Targeted efforts should be made to strengthen prevention and control measures in key industries and populations.
Objective:To analyze the relationship between shift work, occupational burnout and sleep quality among employees in a certain power enterprise.Methods:From November 2024 to February 2025, a cluster sampling method was used to select frontline workers from a certain power enterprise in Fuzhou City as the study subjects. A total of 712 individuals were surveyed. Self-designed questionnaires, the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were employed to collect information on shift work patterns, occupational burnout, and sleep quality among the study subjects. With 647 questionnaires returned, of which 602 were valid, yielding an effective response rate of 93.0%. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between shift work, occupational burnout, and sleep quality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed with occupational burnout as a mediating variable to analyze the relationships and effects among shift work, occupational burnout, and sleep quality.Results:Among the 602 frontline workers, 44.5% (268/602) were engaged in shift work, 34.2% (206/602) had sleep disturbance, with a median PSQI global score of 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) points. The prevalence of occupational burnout was 66.4% (400/602). Shift work was positively correlated with occupational burnout ( rs=0.18, P<0.001) and PSQI globol score ( rs=0.19, P<0.001), occupational burnout was positively correlated with PSQI globol score ( rs=0.57, P<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, including age, educational level, and alcohol consumption, shift work ( OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.61-3.31) and occupational burnout ( OR=4.54, 95% CI: 3.32-6.22) remained significant risk factors for sleep disturbance ( P<0.001). The final SEM demonstrated good fit: chi-square degree of freedom ( χ2/d f) =2.44, goodness of fix index ( GFI) =0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index ( AGFI) =0.95, and root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA) =0.05, all meeting the recommended criteria. Shift work had a direct effect on sleep quality ( P=0.019) and also exerted an indirect effect on sleep quality through occupational burnout ( P=0.001). The standardized path coefficients for the indirect, direct, and total effects of shift work on sleep quality were 0.08, 0.09, and 0.17, respectively ( P=0.001, 0.019, 0.001), while the standardized path coefficient for occupational burnout to sleep quality was 0.57 ( P<0.001). Occupational burnout played a partial mediating role in the relationship between shift work and sleep quality, accounting for 47.05% of the total effect. Conclusion:Shift work is associated with poorer sleep quality among power enterprise workers, with occupational burnout playing a partial mediating role in this relationship.
Objective:To investigate the rehabilitation efficacy of respiratory muscle training combined with external diaphragm pacemaker (EDP) in patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) .Methods:A total of 30 patients with pneumoconiosis and NSLBP treated at Tianjin Occupational Diseases Prevention and Control Hospital from October 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method, with 15 patients in each group. Both groups received respiratory muscle training and conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the experimental group additionally received EDP therapy. Outcome measures, including pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2), the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), were assessed before treatment, at 7 days, and at 14 days of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed on the data. Results:At 7 days of treatment, both groups showed significant improvements in SpO 2, mMRC score, 6MWT, VAS score, and RMDQ score compared with baseline ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in mMRC score, 6MWT, or RMDQ score (all P>0.05). At 14 days of treatment, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in SpO 2[ (97.07±0.80) % vs. (94.93±1.16) %, P<0.05], mMRC score[ (1.20±0.41) points vs. (1.93±0.70) points, P<0.05], 6MWT [ (395.80±30.60) m vs. (343.53±35.46) m, P<0.05], VAS score [ (1.73±0.59) points vs. (3.47±0.74) points, P<0.05], and RMDQ score [ (4.13±0.64) points vs. (6.27±1.16) points, P<0.05]. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects for all indicators were statistically significant (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Respiratory muscle training combined with EDP can effectively improve SpO 2, alleviate dyspnea, increase walking distance, relieve pain, and improve lumbar function in patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with NSLBP.
Objective: To analyze the temporal changes of pressure distribution at the driver's buttock-thigh interface during prolonged driving, and to construct a dynamic progression model of driving fatigue-induced musculoskeletal injury risk, thereby provide a theoretical basis for early warning of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) . Methods: From September to October 2024, sixteen healthy adult male drivers were recruited to complete a 2-hour simulated driving task. Seat-body interface pressure data were collected using a BodiTrak®array pressure sensing cushion system, divided into sequential 15-minute windows. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze and compare changes in representative peak pressure (REP(MAX)) and effective loaded area (REP(AREA)) in the gluteal region, total path length of the center of pressure (COP(LEN)), 95% confidence ellipse area of COP(LEN) (COP(AREA)), and bilateral comprehensive asymmetry index (AIPL) . Results: In both the first and second hours, the main effects of time on REP(MAX) and REP(AREA) in the left and right gluteal regions, as well as on COP(AREA) and COP(LEN), were statistically significant (P<0.001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that REP(MAX) in the gluteal region at T1-2, T1-3, and T1-4 were significantly higher than that at T1-1, and REP(MAX) in the gluteal region at T2-2, T2-3, and T2-4 were significantly higher than that at T2-1 (P<0.05). Both COP(LEN) and COP(AREA) at T1-3 and T1-4 were significantly higher than those at T1-1, and at T2-3 and T2-4 were significantly higher than those at T2-1 (P<0.05). During the first hour, the main effect of time on AIPL was statistically significant (P<0.05), post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that AIPL at T1-2, T1-3, and T1-4 were significantly higher than that at T1-1 (P<0.05) . Conclusion: A three-stage dynamic progression model of driving fatigue, characterized by pressure concentration-postural instability-bilateral imbalance, is established. Asymmetric compensation is proposed as an early signal of fatigue initiation, providing a theoretical basis for early risk warning of WMSDs based on seat pressure distribution.
Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of the phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) glycolytic signaling pathway on urinary metabolites in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods:From May to October 2023, 36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups ( n=6 each): control (BD) group, bleomycin model (BM) group, early PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) intervention (BZLY) group, late PI3K inhibitor intervention (BWLY) group, early HIF-1α inhibitor[2-methoxyestradiol(2-ME2) ] intervention (BZ2M) group, and late HIF-1α inhibitor intervention (BW2M) group. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model was established in mice by a single non-exposed intratracheal instillation of 4 mg/kg bleomycin. Mice in the intervention groups received intraperitoneal injections of 1.0 mg/kg LY294002 or 16 mg/kg 2-ME2 starting on day 2 or day 22 post-exposure, lasting 41 or 21 days, respectively. On day 42 post-exposure, urine of each group of mice was collected, the mice were sacrificed and the lung tissues were collected. Lung histopathology of mice was assessed by HE staining. Urine metabolomics was performed, and differential metabolites were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Results:At 42 days post-exposure, the mice in BM group showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces, along with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. The degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the lung tissues of the mice in each intervention groups were all alleviated. Compared with the BD group, 5 differential metabolites were identified in the urine of mice in the BM group. Compared with the BM group, the BZLY, BWLY, BZ2M, and BW2M groups exhibited 5, 3, 4, and 6 differential urinary metabolites in mice, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed 6 significantly altered metabolic pathways: purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α glycolytic signaling pathway may regulate the development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism pathways.
Objective: To screen the influencing factors of sleep quality among the occupational population in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), and to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety between occupational stress and sleep quality. Methods: From April 25 to May 1, 2024, a cluster random sampling method was used to survey 4, 106 occupational workers in a city of Ningxia. A total of 3, 837 valid questionnaires were collected (valid response rate 93.4%). The survey instruments included a general demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ; occupational stress was defined as the ratio of job demands to job control, D/C>1, where D represents the job demands score and C represents the job control score), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; poor sleep quality was defined as a total PSQI score ≥11). LASSO regression was used to screen the influencing factors of sleep quality. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among occupational stress, anxiety, and sleep quality. A linear regression model combined with the Bootstrap method (5000 resamples) was employed to test the mediating effect of anxiety between occupational stress and sleep quality, controlling for occupation, average monthly income, shift pattern, length of service, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and depression. Results: The detection rate of occupational stress among Ningxia occupational workers was 70.91% (2721/3837), the detection rate of anxiety was 61.82% (2372/3837), and the detection rate of poor sleep quality was 41.54% (1594/3837). LASSO regression identified nine influencing factors: occupation, average monthly income, shift pattern, length of service, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, depression, anxiety, and occupational stress. Spearman correlation analysis showed that occupational stress was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r(s)=0.12, P<0.001), and anxiety was positively correlated with both occupational stress and poor sleep quality (r(s)= 0.12 and 0.40, both P<0.001). After adjusting for the above covariates, linear regression-based mediating effect analysis revealed that the direct effect of occupational stress on sleep quality was 0.92 (95%CI: 0.61-1.23), and the total effect was 2.26 (95%CI: 1.90-2.63). The indirect effect mediated by anxiety was 1.34 (95%CI: 1.08-1.60). Collectively, anxiety exerted a statistically significant mediating effect between occupational stress and sleep quality. Conclusion: Sleep quality of occupational workers in Ningxia is affected by multiple factors including occupation, shift pattern, length of service, occupational stress and anxiety symptoms. It is essential to alleviate occupational stress in working populations, reduce their anxiety levels, and improve sleep quality.
Objective: To establish a rapid method for the determination of chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) . Methods: In January 2025, after human plasma samples were pretreated by acetonitrile protein precipitation combined with liquid-liquid extraction, separation was performed using a Kinetex EVO C18 chromatographic column. Methanol-water was used as the mobile phase with isocratic elution at 75% B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode (ESI(-)) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were adopted for detection, and the matrix-matched external standard method was applied for quantification. A comprehensive methodological validation was completed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Validation of Quantitative Analytical Methods for Biological Samples. Results: Chlorfenapyr in human plasma showed good linearity in the concentration range of 2-400 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99954. The average spiked recoveries ranged from 98.3%-112.8%, with both intra-batch and inter-batch relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.67 μg/L, and the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 2.0 μg/L. For tralopyril, good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1-20.0 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99979. The average spiked recoveries ranged from 98.4%-113.0%, with both intra-batch and inter-batch RSD below 10%. The LOD was 0.003 μg/L, and the LOQ was 0.010 μg/L. Conclusion: This method features simple pretreatment, rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and satisfactory precision and accuracy. It meets the requirements for rapid quantitative detection of chlorfenapyr and tralopyril in plasma of clinically poisoned patients.
Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole and its raw materials, namely p-anisidine and (4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea, in workplace air. Methods: In May 2024, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed with a C(18) column. The mobile phase was methanol-pure water (volume ratio 60∶40) at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 242 nm, injection volume was 20 μl, and quantification was performed by the external standard method for the detemination of 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole, p-anisidine and (4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea in the samples. Results: Good linearities were obtained for 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole, (4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea and p-anisidine in the ranges of 0-100 μg/ml, 0-40 μg/ml and 0-100 μg/ml, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9997, 0.9995 and 0.9997, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.15, 0.05 and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively. The intra-batch precisions were 2.0%-2.8%, 2.3%-3.6% and 2.1%-4.1%, and the inter-batch precisions were 3.2%-3.8%, 4.3%-6.1% and 4.0%-5.8%, respectively. The sampling efficiency using silica gel tubes was higher than 95%. Samples could be stored for at least 7 days at room temperature. Conclusion: This method has high sampling efficiency, simple operation, high precision and sensitivity, and can meet the simultaneous determination of 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole, (4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea and p-anisidine in workplace air.
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined hemoperfusion (HP) and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis filtration (CVVHDF) in tandem therapy together with sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) for patients with acute organotin poisoning, and to analyze the effects of this combined regimen on clinical symptoms, serum tin levels, urinary tin levels, and serum potassium levels. Methods: In December 2023, the clinical data of four patients with acute organotin poisoning were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received comprehensive symptomatic supportive therapy, DMPS-based tin removal therapy, and HP+CVVHDF tandem blood purification therapy. Changes in clinical symptoms, serum tin levels, urinary tin levels, and serum potassium levels were compared before and after treatment. Results: Prior to treatment, the serum tin levels of the four patients ranged from 192.8 to 366.5 μg/L, and urinary tin levels ranged from 1203.1 to 2419.2 μg/L; all patients exhibited hypokalemia with serum potassium levels ranging from 2.60 to 2.90 mmol/L. After combined therapy, serum tin levels decreased to 1.0-4.2 μg/L, urinary tin levels decreased to 4.1-16.0 μg/L, and serum potassium levels recovered to 3.9-4.1 mmol/L, with electrolyte disturbances corrected. Neurological symptoms such as coma, convulsions, and psychiatric abnormalities, as well as metabolic acidosis, significantly improved or resolved completely within 3-20 days after treatment, and all four patients recovered and were discharged. Conclusion: The combined HP+CVVHDF tandem blood purification therapy with DMPS and comprehensive symptomatic supportive therapy effectively eliminates organotin from the body, corrects electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, and alleviates neurological symptoms, demonstrating clinical applicability.
The guidelines for site soil contamination health risk assessment in the United States and the United Kingdom were developed earlier and have established a relatively complete assessment system. International organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as well as countries like Canada and Australia, have also issued a certain number of guidelines for the health risk assessment of site pollution soil contamination. However, for the assessment of health risks from agricultural land soil contamination, both at home and abroad, no detailed special guidelines have been compiled. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the technical guidelines, standards, and other normative documents officially promulgated by the public health and environmental protection authorities of China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Canada, and other countries on soil contamination health risk assessment, summarizes the overall framework and methods of the evaluations at home and abroad, compares the differences among them, and then proposes suggestions for guiding the standardized implementation of agricultural land soil contamination health risk assessment in China.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between nickel level of post-shift urine and individual exposure level of soluble nickel compounds in nickel exposed workers, and to explore the feasibility of using urine nickel as a biomarker. Methods: In November 2020, a typical sampling method was employed to select 301 employees from a nickel salt-using enterprise in Jiangmen City as study subjects, including 257 nickel-handling workers as the exposure group and 44 non-exposed administrative and logistics staff as the control group. The time-weighted average concentration (C(TWA)) of soluble nickel in workplace air was measured using individual sampling and fixed-point sampling methods. Urinary nickel levels were detected before and after shifts using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Occupational health examination results were collected, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to assess the correlation between urinary nickel levels and nickel exposure levels. The biological exposure limit was calculated through linear regression analysis. Results: The median nickel concentration in the workplace C(TWA) for the exposure group was 3.52 (0.03-587.06) μg/m(3), with concentrations exceeding the action level (250 μg/m(3)) observed in positions such as vibrating screen iron removal and electric furnace automatic line operation. Pre-shift and post-shift urinary nickel levels in the exposure group were 0.46 (0.20-30.30) and 4.41 (0.24-56.34) μg/L, respectively, both significantly higher than those in the control group (0.27、0.46 μg/L, P<0.01), with post-shift levels showing a significant increase compared to pre-shift levels (P<0.01). Post-shift urinary nickel levels exhibited a positive correlation with individual exposure levels to nickel and its compounds (r(s)=0.36, P<0.01). The linear regression equation for the natural logarithm of median post-shift urinary nickel levels (ŷ) versus the natural logarithm of median individual exposure levels to soluble nickel compounds (x) across different positions in the exposure group was: ŷ=0.463+0.371x (R(2)=0.511, F=11.45, P<0.01). The recommended biological contact limit for post-shift urinary nickel levels among workers exposed to soluble nickel is 30 μg/L. Conclusion: There was a linear correlation between the nickel level of post-shift urine and the occupational nickel exposure level of nickel-exposed workers. Urinary nickel can be used as a biomarker of occupational nickel exposure.
