Paraguay is characterized by its clean and renewable energy generation, being one of the largest per capita hydropower producers in the world. Paradoxically, biomass and petroleum products are privileged as sources for final energy consumption. In the transport sector, the public fleet is old and mainly runs on imported gasoil, while the private fleet has increased rapidly in the last decade, putting under pressure the sustainability of the urban transport. In this study we make an overview of the transport sector in Paraguay, evaluating the main challenges of the country in the transition to the electric mobility. We propose an analysis of the evolution of the vehicle fleet, the energy consumption in the transport sector, the different norms and regulation for electric vehicles and the incentives to accelerate the transition to electric mobility. We propose to reinforce not only the economic and tax incentives for electric vehicles, but to work in the whole ecosystem of the electric mobility to accelerate the transition to a cleaner transport sector.
Nowadays, Fuel Cells are considered a viable alternative to the traditional sources of energy. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack is the most common and famous kind between various kinds of fuel cell stacks. The PEMFC mathematical model is a very vital problem to understand the main performance and electrochemical features of the fuel cell. In this research paper, a new optimization algorithm called Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) is used to extract the unknown parameters of PEMFC mathematical model. Three different types of PEMFCs stacks, namely, 250W, BCS 500W and Temasek 1kW are used to validate the viability and accurateness of the TAS in solving this optimization problem. Furthermore, statistical measures based on various metrics has been performed and calculated to prove the reliability of TSA in dealing with this PEMFC's problem. The simulation results of TSA are compared with Tree growth Algorithm (TGA), Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) and other recent metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The optimized unknown parameters of PEMFC stacks are used to study the performance of the PEMFC in case of different temperature and pressures. The achieved results confirm the stability and precision of TSA in identifying the PEMFC's unknown parameters compared to TGA, HHO and other recent algorithms.
The present paper has looked for applying Machine Learning techniques to analyze and classify network traffic from a security perspective, traffic like email, web, malware hashes and flood attacks have been analyzed resembling ICAP protocol architecture, the machine learning models have been trained and tested by using public Datasets and traffic obtained from active security devices, also several models have been proven obtaining high accuracy with them, leading to the conclusion that personalized security engines based on ML can be used to process malware and threatening traffic in Data Networks, as well as to improve the process of hardening on network devices.
The Kalman filter has been extensively used in different applications due to its strengths in estimating the system states under noisy observations. In this paper, a modification of the classical Kalman filter for nonlinear state estimation is presented; firstly, a polytopic set of linear discrete-time models based on a Takagi-Sugeno inference system is used to describe the nonlinear operating region. The stabilizing gains of the linear filters are calculated using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), the proposal is evaluated through simulations.
In general, isolated locations are a challenge to provide electrical power. One of these places is Puerto Edén, in Chile, which has a very restrictive electricity service based on Diesel Generation. However, the geographical location has a hydroelectric potential that is not well exploited. This paper presents a case study on the design of a micro hydroelectric plant for Puerto Edén. Calculations of basic parameters for design, estimation of electrical consumption through statistical curves and the process for choosing electromechanical equipment are show. Finally, the design is checked using a simulation in Digsilent. The idea is to provide a baseline approach to isolated locations with hydroelectric potential and to help the Puerto Edén community to understand the resources available to them.
Solar energy is considered clean, renewable and seemingly inexhaustible source of energy. Solar Energy has been used since ancient times for light and as heat, but in the 20th century, thanks to technological advances, different devices have been developed capable of transforming the energy from the sun into distributable energy, such as electricity. The following article presents an overview of solar energy, presenting the benefits and passive and active technologies. Photovoltaic cells, semiconductors and the conversion of solar energy are also presented.
The rapid expansion of electric power systems and the need for more clean energy sources make the implementation of distributed energy resources with photovoltaic and wind generation an attractive option for modern systems. In both applications, power converters are used for the interconnection to the grid. Parallel connection of inverters has been used to achieve power level expansion and system redundancy. More recent works have been focused in providing a modular and flexible interface that can adapt to different load requirements. This paper presents the implementation of a multi-modular converter for application in distributed generation. The proposed approach is suitable for applications that require high power transfer with lower size and volume, it also offers more reliability at a lower cost. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed architecture.
In recent years, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have offered new challenges for the future of networks. The exponential growth of traffic that circulates through the network, together with the changing demand for bandwidth, types of traffic, and the need for rapid deployment of new services, have put into focus the traditional mechanisms in which device configurations are performed manually and statically. Consequently, there is a need to change the design and administration mechanisms to give the network greater dynamism and intelligence. Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Automation emerge as revolutionary new network technologies, which promise to provide concrete solutions to these demands. This work tries to relate the needs of traditional networks with what SDN provides, for the analysis of performance and new management capabilities. A simulated laboratory is presented, that allowed different scenarios. For this, different tools for simulation and virtualization were used, such as GNS3, Mininet and ONOS (Open Network Operating System). Within GNS3, topologies were created with Mininet version 2.2.2, connected to the SDN ONOS controller for the required cases. Among some tests, it was possible to determine the shortest convergence time before the fall of links or switchs, for SDN networks compared to traditional networks. The numerical results can be useful for simulation analysts, and network planners and administrators.
This paper presents the design of a portable 2.45 GHz textile patch antenna for WBAN applications. The textile antenna is designed with low-cost and flexible material. The proposed portable antenna design with a rectangular patch. The manufacturing results of the textile antenna respond to the design requirements of Return Loss, VSWR and Impedance. The proposed textile antenna was investigated by human body analysis for SAR evaluation at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. SAR results on a human body model with skin, fat, muscle and bone are within limits. safety standards of US and EU. In fact, all antenna results concluded that the designed textile antenna is a good candidate for portable body applications.
In this work, a comparative analysis of the performance and efficiency of the FCS-MPC and Modulation FBQ applied to an AFE active front rectifier is carried out. The above compares quality indicators of form in the input current of an AFE, THD, and WTHD rectifier. For efficiency, the conduction and commutation losses in the switches will be estimated to obtain a selection criterion between these two control methods, which will be based on the efficiency of the converter and the performance of the input current loop. The semiconductors losses are calculated by linear mathematical approximations, which depend on the operation point of the AFE rectifier and the switch parameters, which are obtained from the datasheet provided by the switch manufacturer, which for this work, IGBT IKW25T120 was selected. Finally, for the performance analysis, satisfactory simulation results were obtained.
Craft fairs are spaces where artisans can exhibit their artistic pieces and interact with the public, however this activity is always affected by external factors, such as weather, stoppages, health situation (due to covid-19), among others. This proposal is an innovative contribution to this problem that makes technology available to support this sector. Through a Web platform that incorporates a 3D interface, the craftsman will reach his audience without having to leave his home, since it simulates the environment of a craft fair where you can browse and see the crafts in its 360 degrees, admiring each detail as if the user were in person. The technological infrastructure includes a catalog of all the pieces offered by the artisans and contact details. A filter facilitates the search for parts according to established criteria. The proposal has validations and various functional tests that show the technical feasibility and usability tests that demonstrate its usefulness and ease of use.
The monitoring of the pomace pre-fermentation process is carried out visually, for which it is necessary to stop the pre-fermenter to extract a sample. This paper presents a novel method of automatic fuzzy monitoring of the process, using the value of the active power of the squirrel cage motor that drives the mixing agitator. The proposal is based on the fact that at the beginning the pomace contains solids in the mixture, which present opposition to the rotation of the agitator, and while the process progresses, must is released, so the three-phase squirrel cage motor requires developing less torque in the axis, which generates a lower value of active power consumed. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented.
The communication style that predominates in the family has a significant influence on the well-being of the students. Is the reason why the present research aims to analyze the relationship between the aggressive communication style of parents, lack of motivation, emotional imbalance, depression and satisfaction with the life of students of the engineering career of a private university in Lima-Peru. The sample was of 135 career of engineering students (94 men (69.1 %) and 41 women (30.1 %) between 16 to 26 years of age (Mage = 18.41, SD =2.71) of Lima – Peru. The results showed that the aggressive communication style of parents is positively, moderately and significantly related to demotivation, emotional imbalance, cognitive commitment, and depression. Finally, the aggressive communication style of parents was negatively, strongly and significantly related to life satisfaction.
Energy consumption represents a high operational cost in mining operations. Ore size reduction stage is the main consumer in that process, where the Semiautogenous Mill (SAG) is one of the main components. The implementation of control and automation strategies that can achieve production goals along with energy efficiency are a common goal in concentrator plants; however, designing such controls requires a proper understanding of process dynamics which are highly complex. This work studies machine learning and deep learning strategies that can be used to generate models for predicting energy consumption, using key process variables. In particular, the application of K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor (KNN-reg), Polynomial Regression (PR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) strategies for energy prediction over SAG mill process data is developed in order to identify configurations suitable to be implemented for real-time prediction integrated over industrial data infrastructures. All techniques are compared in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) where, although all the models achieved acceptable performance, best results were obtained by a LSTM implementation which yielded an error of less than 4% associated to energy prediction.
The paper addresses the problem of controlling four connected tanks with multiple operating points, represented as a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model. As a result, the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) control is employed to stabilize the nonlinear tanks system given in the T-S model. Furthermore, in order to minimize the impact of the disturbance on the system output the system ℋ∞ norm is considered. The obtained results are given in a set of Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by adapting results from the literature to a T-S model. Finally, to show the efficacy of the proposed results, the proposed control method is numerically simulated and compared to different controllers found in the literature.
The control of mushrooms cultives is an understudied area. Although there are many studies about the control of growing environments, but few focus on the mushrooms greenhouse. This paper makes an empirical approach to the control of the mushrooms greenhouse, defining a methodology to obtain the estimated model and the subsequent comparison of three different controls strategies. The results obtenied show similar performance on fuzzy control and hybrid PI/on-off control, but better performance with respect to only on-off control. In addition, the cultivation time was reduced by 21.7% with respect to an uncontrolled cultivation.
This paper addresses the joint position tracking control of a nonlinear model of a position servo actuated pendulum under the challenging assumption that all plant parameters are constant but unknown. Position servo actuated mechanisms are recurrent in low cost robotics. To deal with this defiant control formulation the paper resorts to adaptive control techniques. A smooth direct adaptive controller composed by a control law plus an adaptive law is proposed. The analysis of the resulting nonlinear error model is performed via Lyapunov’s direct method to show stability and control goal achievement.
This paper presents the plan of three separated microgrids located in the region of Nuquí situated on the Colombian pacific state of Chocó. The three communities that are going to be benefited from the microgrid system are Nuquí, Arusí and El Yucal. The situation on these last two communities is critical, with a very limited and unreliable service in El Yucal, and a power service only available on the nights at Arusí. In this study, the main the power sources that are considered for the proposed microgrids are solar panels, hydroelectric centrals, batteries, and several diesel gensets, the latter with the possibility of biodiesel use. The results yield that implementing renewable energy systems in these towns could be favorable as a reduction of both costs and emissions thus improving the quality of life of the people, and in the case of El Yucal and Arusí increasing the electrical energy service capabilities.
In the present work a design of an functional electric motorcycle prototype is carried out. Starting with the study of the minimum requirements that an electric motorcycle prototype must have, by making a modelling of the vehicle. Subsequently implement the design with a final prototype, which should comply with said proposed requirements. The vehicle modelling has been elaborated entirely in the graphical programming software LabVIEW, following the theory that consists of the forces that act on a motorcycle while the latter is in motion. From then extract data such as torque, power and energy consumption given a certain route. For the estimates, the selected paths were parts 1 and 2 of the WMTC. The information collected was used for the selection of components of the electric motorcycle, while also considering the cost of each component. This design was finally implemented in a functional prototype, which was tested in a controlled environment to verify the correct operation of the system, where the results came close the expectatives gathered from the modelling.
