To monitor and predict deformation of expressway and road area in isolated permafrost area, depending on Bei'an to Heihe (Beihei) highway extension project, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology was introduced. By the use of Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) and Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) method and the archive ENVISAT-ASAR data to analysis the deformation of Beihei expressway and road area. The primary result was acquired from IPTA method .The application feasibility and perspective of InSAR technology was proposed.
The paper designs a method based on RS-485 to achieve the communication between the VDR system and the detection system on having an alarm-reporting function when the navigation light's filament is in a state of broken wire. In this paper, the overall structure of the system is put forward, the system's hardware is designed and communication protocol is provided as well as the simulation debugging is carried out.
In the accident of Dalian Xingang oil pipeline explosion, on July 16th 2010, the 3.0-5.0μm bands thermal infrared sensor, which was equipped in the rescue helicopters from the Ministry of Transportation, was successfully applied to oil spills monitoring and detection in accident waters. By abstracting oil/water contrast from the information collected within specific distances far from the sensor position, this device was able to conduct routine monitoring of oil slicks on water surface. Consequently, it can obviously distinguish oil from other similar phenomenon and analyze the relative thickness mode of the slicks. After completing everyday air monitoring tasks, the oil distribution pictures of incident sea area would be drawn combining with other remote sensing data and GIS for the further remediation.
The study of land use change and its diving mechanism has been the focus since the Global Environmental Change researches was proposed in the 1990s. In the past decades, land use of China has changed remarkably in both temporal and spatial aspects. Remote sensing technique has advantages in characterizing the spatial-temporal pattern in land use change compared with traditional socioeconomic indicators (e.g. population growth and employment shifts, etc.). Details pattern analysis can be effective conducted using different temporal images of remote sensing by different stages analysis approaches combined with GIS technology. This paper investigates the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use of Dehua County, Fujian Province, China from 1989 to 2006 by using different stage remote sensing images. Dehua is representative of rural counties in southeastern China. The results show that land use changes in this area exhibit distinctive spatial difference during different periods and this significant change in land uses were droved by economic development and also controlled by the government environment protection policy.
Using the meteorological data of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland from 2005 to 2010, reference crop evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) of extreme arid region of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland was calculated with FAO Penman-monteith calculation method, and the comparative analysis was conducted with pan evaporation (Ø20) in the meteorological station, the influencing factors that had an effect on ET 0 and Ø20 meteorological factors were sequenced with the grey association degree analysis theory. The results were shown that ET 0 maximum value appeared in July, and the minimum value appeared in January; Ø20 maximum value appeared in June, and the minimum value appeared in December; monthly potential reference crop evapotranspiration coefficients ranged between 0.30 and 0.46. Grey correlation analysis showed that the meteorological factors that were most closely relationship with ET 0 was Umean, second was Tmax, while the meteorological factors that was most closely relationship with Ø20 was Tmax, second was Umean. The meteorological factors that affected ET 0 and Ø20 were different in the Spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the biggest difference between them appeared in summer. ET 0 presented highly significant linear relationship with Ø20 in spring, autumn and winter, while there was significant linear relationship in summer. The research results could provide theoretical support for the rational use of water resources and the sustainable development of Tarim desert highway shelterbelt.
Heavy metal wastewater emissions have been increased a lot along with the development of our industry, moreover the pollution problem was getting worse. Adsorption method made a considerable development as one of the important methods in heavy metal wastewater treatment recent years. This paper reviewed the achievements of heavy metal wastewater treatment from the biological adsorption, high polymer absorption, inorganic adsorption.
The concentrations and distribution characteristics of nutrients in seawater at Liusha Bay of China were obtained based on the field observations in February (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn), 2008. The results showed that the content of nutrients in seawater was rather low and the water body was oligotrolic in Liusha Bay. The annual average concentrations of NO2-N, NO3-N and NH4-N were 0.77μmol L-1, 3.44μmol L-1 and 1.21μmol L-1, respectively. And the annual concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (DIP) and active silicate (DSi) were 6.17μmol L-1, 0.30μmol L-1 and 16.3μmol L-1, respectively. As accounted for over 60% in DIN, NO3 was the main form of DIN in seawater. The annual molar ratio of DSi/DIN/DIP was 54.0:20.4:1, which moved far away from the mean ratio of nutrients contained in marine diatoms. The marine productivity of Liusha Bay was restricted by DIN in summer and autumn and while by DIP in spring and winter. The nutrition level of seawater in Liusha Bay was assessed to be oligotrophic with the trophic state index. Excellent conditions of tidal current, existence of a large area of macroalgae, cultivated shellfish in a high density and few sources of nutrients input were considered as the main reasons of oligotrophy of seawater in Liusha Bay.
The spatial and temporal distributions of vegetation are fundamental to many aspects of environmental science, global change detection and resource management. In this paper, MODIS NDVI was selected as the data source to finish the extraction of vegetation fractional coverage in Jilin from 2001 to 2008 and vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) maps from different periods using the two sub-pixel model. It also makes further analysis on the reason for the changes of VFC. It shows from the results that VFC, which is best in Songyuan, decreased gradually from northeast to southwest in the study. Over the past eight years, the overall trend of VFC in the west of Jilin had changed for two times. One is from 2001 to 2005, the trend is on the decrease, the other trend is on the rise, from 2005 to 2008, and the highest had reached 77.80% in 2005. During the period, the VFC in Tongyu had decreased least, 10.55% for eight years. The main factors affecting the changes of VFC are those, the ecological restoration engineering, the precipitation, the temperature and so on.
Micro bubble was used as a pre-treatment process in the pilot experiment of treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater by contact oxidation system in the paper. The removal of COD, ammonia, SS and oil by micro bubble process in the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater was investigated in the pilot experiment. The results showed that the removal efficiency of SS and oil of micro bubble was over 96% and 99% respectively. And in the long run experiment, the average removal efficiency of COD and ammonia was 40% and 37%, the removal amount of COD and ammonia by micro bubble process was 33% and 48% respectively in the removal amount of whole process, so the micro bubble process plays an important role in the pilot system.
In this paper, Geologic Radar is applied to anti-sliding piles engineering quality inspection to detect some quality problems possibly caused by groundwater. In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation anti-sliding piles and to estimate anti-sliding piles security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the anti-sliding piles piles, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on anti-sliding piles piles quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete piles accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the piles especially piles top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of piles image feature. We get the boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point.
Two kinds of remote sensing data with different spatial resolution from MODIS and China Environment Satellite are used to retrieve the sea ice area of Liaodong Bay, and the evolution process of sea ice area is obtained for 2009-2010 winter. In the freezing period, the sea ice area and the accumulated average daily temperature below -2°C(accumulated freezing temperature) show a positive linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.97. In the melting period, the sea ice area and the accumulated average daily temperature above 0°C (accumulated melting temperature) show a negative linear relationship with correlation coefficient of -0.91. The complete process of sea ice formation and disappearance in Liaodong Bay can be approximately described by a binary quadratic equation with variables of accumulated freezing temperature and accumulated melting temperature, which suggests that the air temperature is the main factor affecting sea ice evolution.
As the economy of Hangzhou develops rapidly, its traffic becomes an increasingly serious problem. Driving difficulty and parking difficulty become more and more apparent with each passing day. And developing public transport is an effective way to solve travel problem. Hangzhou Municipal Government established public bicycle system in 2008. The system works well and mitigates the "two difficulties" to some extent. The thesis analyzes successful reasons and positive effects of the public bicycle system in Hangzhou, explores successful experiences and then proposes opinions of its own.
Performances of ocean wave spectrometer in different sea conditions are analyzed in this study by analyzing wave parameters calculated from spectra of STORM (Systeme de Teledetection pour l'Observation par Radar de la Mer). The air-borne ocean wave spectrometer-STORM, is a real-aperture radar aims to detect the directional spectrum of ocean waves using a conical-scanning beam at low incidence angles. The principle of measurement is based on the modulation of the backscattering cross-section by the slopes of sea surface due to long waves. Spectra obtained from STORM, SWAN model outputs and data from buoy measurement are compared, the compared results reveal that for swell dominant or swell with a significant wave height large than about 2 m, the spectra retrieved from STORM data describe the sea surface quite well.
Agricultural nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorous are quit important sources for the water pollution and eutrophication in Taihu Lake Watershed. To investigate the export mechanism of the agricultural non-point source pollution, a small watershed name Meilin Watershed was chosen to do the field experiment. The comprehensive hydrology and pollution processes on the watershed were measured, and with the dataset physically based model was established. The results show that: The sediment, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorous mainly export from the hill slops where the rain-runoff erosion is strong; Dissolved phosphorous coms from the area near the stream with much fertilization; Nitrate spread widely and easy to get into water by eluviation, and the main source is the area where near the river stream and the hill slops where easy to produce runoff when rain come down.
ISAR imaging method, based on conventional time-frequency distribution, can not meet the requirements of the ISAR ship imaging, due to the complexity of the ship's movement. Time-frequency distribution with complex-lag argument (CTD) is a new kind of time-frequency distribution which has good time-frequency concentration. Methods of reducing the cross terms of CTD for multi-component FM signals have been proposed for recent years. In this paper, based on the analysis of a cross-term reduced 4th order CTD (CTD4) algorithm, the scale problem and the image-truncation problem of the original algorithm have been pointed out and their modified algorithm is proposed. This modified CTD4 can be applied to the ISAR Range-Instantaneous Doppler (RID) imaging. The imaging experiments using simulation signal and real data of ship have shown the effectiveness of the modified algorithm.
Healthy conditions of different Vegetation are excellent synthetic index for environmental monitoring. Leaves of larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in Hongtoushan Mining Area are collected for chemical analysis and spectral measurement. The results indicate that the spectra on the tailing dam manifests obvious "blue shift", and correspondingly, the contents of Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb and Zn in leaves are higher than those in background area, while the contents of chlorophyll a and b are obviously lower. It seems that the content of biochemical components and heavy metals greatly affect the reflective spectra of various vegetation. The research shows that hyperspectral remote sensing technique is suitable for environment monitoring.
Dynamic analysis on landscape map is to study ecological structure of landscape by using the information of landscape type map as basic data. In this paper, Qinhuangdao City is the study area, Arc / Info, Fragstats and some other software are the technical support. Based on the establishment of landscape type map, this paper extracts landscape indices like density size and size difference index, edge index, diversity index, concentration and scattering index, etc. It also analyzes land cover landscape structure and evolution processes of different landscapes in different periods of time, in order to reveal the variation rule of their spatial patterns.
In view of the difficulty in obtaining gravity gradient reference maps at present, this paper presents a new method for detecting the barrier which is underwater. The method is autonomous, independent, and needing no gravity gradient reference map.This method Firstly needs record gravity gradiometer's three readings in the submarine current route. Secondly subtract the first reading with the second reading, and subtract the second reading with the third reading, then we can get two differences. Do division of the two differences , finally we can get the inversion formula for the location of the obstacle. Through the Trust-Region-Reflective method to solve this equation, we will get the location information of the obstacle, then get its mass information. Experiments showed that using the gravity gradiometer whose precision is 10-5E, the method can detect not only the reef whose mass is 109kg magnitude within 500 meters but also the wreck whose mass is 107kg magnitude within 600 meters with no need of the gravity gradient reference map.Comparing with the traditional method of detecting obstacles, the new method meets the stringent requirements of safety and concealment very well. What's more, the new method detects obstacles with no need of the data of the background's gravity or gravity gradient. Therefore, the method which our paper presents is of great value in practical applications.
Albedo is a key physics parameter in earth surface. It determines the ratio of solar energy absorbed by earth, and restricts the climate change between atmosphere and land surface. However, the uncertainty of albedo was not been considered sufficiently in most climate models, snow may be the most important source of this uncertainty. Season changes obviously in north China, which has different kinds vegetation types. Here we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data to analysis the spatial and temporal effect of albedo change caused by snow. The result indicates that general distribution of albedo follow the pattern of the vegetation cover type, have more heterogeneous under snow conditions. Albedo also have dramatic temporal various not only during the season change period, but also in the middle of winter.
Upgrading of a landfill leachate treatment plant (LLTP) to meet capacity expansion as well as the new discharge standards is addressed. According to the upgrading scheme, the hybrid membrane processes based on membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology are adopted in the plant. A reverse osmosis (RO) unit is installed in the original facility to polish the effluent for reclaimed water reuse, and a new system combined two-stage MBR unit with two-stage nanofiltration (NF) unit is built to enhance treatment capability for additional load from capacity expansion. The results show that the treatment capacity of the plant has increased from 200 to 900 m3/d, and the effluent of the upgraded LLTP has met the new discharge standards.
