The nearby human beings with inside the catchment region of a river have been stuck ignorant of an approaching flash flood/launch of water from dams of Hydro Papers upstream. This caused unlucky and useless lack of treasured human lives. District management has cordoned off get right of entry to the river catchment and public announcement vehicles are caution which desires to be computerized and without guide intervention to make it greater effective. There can be a critical database connecting all hydropower stations inside the country in which statistics earlier than liberating of water from dams of all initiatives could be consolidated. From the database, there is the information passed to the household devices and to the mobiles where the area will mostly cause damage. This automatically alerted system alerts people in the area increases corresponding to the increases in the level of the water in the dam. So, it will save the people and recourses. The paper is implemented using a IoT to monitor the dam and avoid the damage caused due to the flooding
The primary goal of this study is to construct and design the renewable resources such as solar and wind with the Power Management System (PMS). The Power Distribution control is used to regulate the energy flow from the solar to grid through bidirectional converter. Smart Grids that use renewable energy and provide a set of technological options for data sharing between customers and distributed energy. Verifying the battery's state of charge (SOC) reveals the average current is distributed between electric grid and battery. It is an efficient and cost-effective energy management scheme is proposed. Using a super capacitor also reduces current stress on the system's battery during sudden changes in producing power and load demand. Simulation analysis the both performance and efficiency of a energy management approach in a proposed system.
A lot of progress has been achieved in the field of electric vehicles in recent years. The electric motor is the most crucial component of an EV. With the introduction of new designs and the occurrence of torque ripple in permanentmagnet motors, these motors continue to advance in quality. To better understand this shortcoming, we employ finite elements analysis on a 60-volt, 30-amp, 2,000-rpm internal permanent magnet motor. The analysis was provided on several different levels. Internal permanent magnet motors can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but some common ones include the angled barrier, the lateral, and the curved. Testing environments were simulated for the IPMs, and their estimated performance was compared to that of several rotor types.
This study compares and contrasts three different types of BLDC motor: bread-loaf with two nonembedded magnets, bread-loaf with four non-embedded magnets, and spoke with embedded magnets. A BLDC motor has notable characteristics including fast speed and low torque ripple, but its uses are limit by its poor power density. To address these drawbacks, numerous BLDC motor types are investigate based on their torque characteristics. A 48V, 4SkW, BLDC inner rotor motor examined. The consequences of imbalanced electromagnetic forces also discussed. The numerical equations were also validated using finite element analysis.
A multilevel inverter's primary function is the conception of nearly sinusoidal voltage by combining multiple levels of dc voltage. As the number of levels increases, the output waveform of the obtained algorithm has more steps, resulting in a staircase-like ripple which resembles the desired waveform. The output wave's harmonic distortion decreases and eventually approaches zero as the number of voltage levels increases. This article highlights the performance analysis of a five-level inverter with variable loads. Due to fewer driver circuits, this topology is less expensive than conventional multilevel inverters for the same five output levels. Both high frequencies switching pulse width modulation and fundamental frequency switching modulation techniques are used to simulate the proposed modular five level topology. To verify the viability of the modular multilevel inverter topology, the output voltage, current waveform, and THD are compared and examined using MATLAB/Simulink.
Hybrid renewable generators are attractive solutions to achieve sustainable and clean electric power. Such systems require proper component selection criteria and control strategies as these systems can operate in isolated and grid-connected mode. This paper aims to illustrate the design, control, and investigation of two different stand-alone distributed generation (DG) configurations based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Apart from these stand-alone system configurations, the paper also investigates a grid-connected WECS-FC-based hybrid DG model in order to validate the design and control aspects of a typical grid-integrated hybrid system. A special emphasis is given to the effect of unbalance fault or a voltage sag in a grid-connected hybrid system. It is significant to state that the design of a hybrid energy system is also dependent on the control philosophy adopted. Thus, the typical control philosophy for interfacing inverter which is operating either in stand-alone or in gridconnected mode is also discussed in this paper. The above investigation studies assist the research community with the typical design calculations and also with the proposal of new fault ride-through (FRT) control schemes.
Independence is how you build to achieve your dreams, goals, and goals in life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), worldwide, 285 million people are blind, of which 39 million are blind, and 246 million are partially sighted. Visual impairment is the absence of intelligent vision as a result of physiological or neurological factors. This paper presents a model that integrates distance and water detection with an ultrasonic sensor and a rain sensor. The proposed project initially uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles using ultrasonic waves. Upon detecting an obstacle, the sensor transfers this data to his Nodemcu. Nodemcu will process this data and calculate if the obstacles are close enough. If the obstacle is not too close, the circuit does nothing. When an obstacle approaches, the Nodemcu will send out a signal and sound a buzzer. It also sounds another buzzer when it senses water to warn the visually impaired. Using web-based servers our model also includes the provision of getting help in case of emergency. Electric walking sticks help the visually impaired by providing more convenient living opportunities. The main purpose of this paper is to make our knowledge and services accessible to the visually impaired and people in the disabled community.
This study describes a Solar Photo Voltaic System (SPVS) based Bridge Less Landsman Converter Inverter System (BLLCIS) that supplies an Induction Motor (IM) utilizing an FLC and compares the dynamic performance With a Sliding Mode Controller. The goal is to create an SPVS based Bridge Less Landsman Converter (BLLC) With better voltage regulation using FLC. Landsman Converter (LC) Was selected for this application because of its unique features. Based on solar illumination changes, this converter functions as a Buck-Boost converter. The performance of this Work is to shoiv that the fuzzy controller is outperforming SMC at different landsman converter operating points. The MATLAB simulation model results are shoWn and the dynamic performance is evaluated using key parameters such as settling time, rise time, peak time, and SSE as benchmarks. The dynamic performance of LC in the time domain is compared using the existing and proposed models and a determination is made. The investigation shoWs that the proposed framework has enhanced dynamic response in the time domain With high voltage gain.
A battery monitoring system is a necessary component in Electric vehicle. It keeps the battery in a functional state, guards against damage, and projects battery life. Battery operation systems are used to improve battery quality and ensure safe operation. This proposed paper describes the state of charge (SOC), depth of discharge (DOD) and state of health (SOH) for the solar PV based EV battery. The estimation method of SOC, DOD and SOH for 5.4 Ah, 12V Li-ion battery charged by Solar PV array is proposed in this paper. By analyzing some of the SOC estimation method like coulomb counting method, the modified coulomb counting method is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy. The modified coulomb counting method is used for SOC and SOH estimation of highly efficient charging and discharging lithiumion batteries. MATLAB Simulink is used to analyze the efficiency of the proposed work.
This article aims to offer a multilevel inverter powered with trinary sequence dc supply source. Asymmetric pattern of a dc supply provides larger output voltage with minimal quantity of sources and components as contrast with other inverter topologies. The paper proposes nine level inverter with eight switches and two dc supply. The level shifted PWM technique is employed to develop gating signals for the inverter. The 9-level trinary source inverter (NLTSI) have the advantage of minimum switch utilization than other MLIs. The effectiveness of the NLTSI is evaluated by means of harmonic distortion, form factor, distortion factors and output voltage root mean square value (rms). Simulation studies have been accomplished with the assistance of MATLAB/Simulink.
One of the biggest issues brought on by the usage of fossil fuels, which emits several billion tons of CO2 annually, is environmental pollution. Various industrial applications use non-conventional sources such as geothermal, wind, tidal, and solar in order to reduce the production of CO2. used as a power source for an electric vehicle are fuel cells, batteries, and ultra-capacitors. But in order to supply a load that requires a high operating voltage, these power sources should need a large dc-dc converter due to their extremely low voltage. The huge current ripple also drastically shortens the lifetime of these power sources. Therefore, a dc-dc converter’s input current ripple should be eliminated. A large input inductor can typically be used to reduce input current ripple, although doing so increases the converter’s size and weight. By combining a buck converter and an Interleaved Luo converter, a DC-DC multi-port converter is introduced. While concurrently producing boost voltage by the Interleaved Luo converter and a buck voltage by the buck converter, the suggested dual-output converter has the advantages of conventional positive output voltage super lift. The output voltages ripple is kept to a minimum in this structure by generating a dual output without the use of electromagnetic components. The converter provides a variety of output voltages and has a simple design and robust control system.
It can detect ambient conditions and convey data for processing purposes; In recent years, the wireless sensor network has surpassed all other networks in popularity. The implementation of WSNs is fraught with several significant obstacles, such as concerns over energy usage and safety. WSNs are potentially vulnerable to a wide variety of assaults, any one of which might compromise their capacity for reliable communication or lead to the loss of sensitive data. Consequently, as the network deployment gets more extensive and intricate, there is a massive increase in the requirement for intrusion detection-based energy-efficient approaches. The effectiveness of the networks may be evaluated via the use of Qualnet simulation. Using an artificial neural network and a MATLAB Simulink model, this study intends to improve the effectiveness of a power-based intrusion detection strategy. The results reveal that WSN's detection of intrusions is enhanced by using an ideal technique inspired by biological nervous systems. Not only that, but the unguarded nodes are having a negative effect on network performance and producing disturbances in the network's behavior. Both methods use regression analysis to distinguish between fully protected and partially protected nodes. Therefore, the packet delivery ratio and the power consumption of the network may be used for accurate node identification in an artificial neural network.
The right to a healthy working environment including clean air, water, and safer working zones is the fundamental right of the employees. People working in mines including the truck drivers are subjected to haze environments. The working model of Air quality management inside the truck driver’s cabinet and health monitoring system for the truck driver is indispensable for the smooth operation of the fleet. This system is primarily designed to eliminate the air pollutant present inside the driver’s cabinet by an effective method of using an air sucker and mini-ESP (Electro Static Precipitator). The presence of air pollutants is detected by the gas sensor (MQ-135) and automates the process of dust elimination. Besides this, other parameters like Temperature and Humidity, Heart rate, and Oxygen saturation are also collected by the data acquisition system and are sent to the fleet manager via IoT. The microcontroller (node MCU) is used both as a data acquisition system as well as a wi-fi module. Multiple sensors are interfaced with this microcontroller via a 16-channel multiplexer. The proposed outcome of this project is to ensure a healthy working environment and the safety of the driver. This in turn is incorporated by the fleet management to monitor the exact health condition of the driver to make shift scheduling of the next trip.
Despite developments, the global car manufacturing sector still confronts significant challenges in terms of sustainability, fuel consumption, and air pollution. All of these issues, when combined, result in a lower quality of life for humanity. These challenges in the automobile business can be resolved by switching to electric and renewable energy electric automobiles. When it comes to energy sustainability, the renewable energy electric vehicle is ideal because it combines renewable energies such as solar energy or wind energy with an electric battery charging system as a backup power source. This type of energy integration allows the vehicle to operate efficiently even in inclement weather and remote locations. The Battery Management System (BMS) is used to monitor and manage the battery packs and the energy stored from solar or wind power generation in order to assure the efficiency, safety, and maintenance of the EV. Using the BMS, the battery's condition is constantly monitored by noting the State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and examining the individual battery cells with temperature sensors, current sensors, and voltage sensors. This research compares and analyses the MATLAB and Proteus simulation results of several batteries tested with the BMS.
The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of six nanofluids having 2 percent volumetric concentration when used in a flat plate solar collector using FVM analysis on ANSYS Fluent with a constant heat flux of 700 kW/m(2) and a flow velocity of 0.5 m/s to evaluate the heat transfer capability of each based on outlet temperatures, determining which is better as a working fluid for this solar energy collection device.
As the time being, Technology is growing at a faster rate. Improvement in Technology makes the lives simple, everyone wants to live individually using the technology. However, this is deceptive for physically challenged persons. Majority of people with disabilities having trouble moving various body parts. The only solution is to depend on their family and friends to complete their day to day works. Even for moving from one place to other place the persons must use a wheelchair. For moving the wheelchair, the person should have enough strength in hands or requires other person to assist the wheelchair. The persons having disability are less communicating with the outside world which make them week and reluctant. The proposed machine is a wheelchair-manipulated gadget to help disabled human beings to turn out to be unbiased. The device uses a voice recognition unit which will take human voice as command and control the wheelchair movement based on the command. The device integrates Arduino, HC-05 Bluetooth module, speech-to-text voice recognition android utility, and motor driver through which the customers can perform the wheelchair with the aid of absolutely speaking to the wheelchair microphone. The wheelchair is designed at low cost in such a way that needy users will benefit from the machine.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have the unique ability to store and generate the energy. These characteristics make very EVs interesting for power system. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) refers to the use of electronic devices and storage system that allow vehicles to communicate and power up with other vehicles, infrastructures, loads and devices in their environment. This technology enables vehicles to exchange information and power with other entities in real life. In power electronics, V2X technology is mainly used for power transferring i.e., vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to load (V2L), vehicle to home (V2H). In this paper two bridge non-isolated topology is described which supports whole operation as mentioned above. The proposed circuit has Z-H converter which is working as DC-DC buckboost bidirectional converter in single circuit and other Hbridge is used to convert DC to AC. The simulation results in MATLAB verified the potential of proposed circuit topology. Available results for 1.1 kW V2L, 1kW charging for V2V application and 1.2 kW operation for V2G.
This paper analyzes field distribution through the air gap ofa three-phase squirrel cage induction motor by the MMFpermeance method. The analytical approach considered primary armature reaction and multiple armature reaction effects, usually ignored at no-load operating conditions, with MMF harmonics, slot permeance harmonics, and saturation harmonics. A 3D model analysis of a squirrel cage induction motor using Ansys Maxwell 2019R1 has been performed to compare the analytical results.
Technology advancements nowdays require high-quality inverters, while multilevel inverters should receive special attention since they decrease losses and tackle power quality problems. To increase the performance of photovoltaic(PV) applications several PV module have been attached to several types of inverters. Many active switches and clamping components are required for H-bridge, diode clamped, and flying capacitor circuits, which raises power loss, complexity, and circuit mass. In order to address the problem,this paper suggests a new switched capacitor based multilevel inverter that enhances the performance of PV application. Using hardware and matlab simulink, the analysis is performed for various topologies and compared to different topologies.
Developing an automatic door-opening system that can recognize masks and gauge body temperature is the aim of this project. The new Corona Virus (COVID-19) is an unimaginable pandemic that presents the medical industry with a serious worldwide issue in the twenty-first century. How individuals conduct their lives has substantially changed as a result. Individuals are reluctant to seek out even the most basic healthcare services because of the rising number of sick people who pass away, instilling an unshakable terror in their thoughts.This paper is about the Automatic Health Machine (AHM). In this dire situation, the government provided the people with a lot of directions and information. Apart from the government, everyone is accountable for his or her own health. The most common symptom of corona infection is an uncontrollable rise in body temperature. In this project, we create a novel device to monitor people’s body temperatures using components such as an IR sensor and temperature sensor.
