文章利用2016-2020年锡林郭勒盟主要公路沿线自动气象站逐时气象资料,分析了道路结冰发生时段内(10月到次年4月)的地温和气温之间的变化关系.结果表明:(1)无论是秋季、冬季还是春季,地温与气温均是在日出前达到最低值,日出后呈上升趋势,午后达到峰值后又开始下降,而气温峰值推后1～2 h,日落后下降速率趋缓.(2)通过对比交通站和区域站的道路结冰的临界气温值,可以看出,地面最低气温接近于路面最低气温,所以可以通过地面最低气温的分布,来判断是否出现道路结冰.(3)春季和秋季,路面温度与气象因子的关系主要影响因子相关性由高到低依次为:气温、前一日地温、前一日草面雪面温度、海平面气压.(4)分季节建立了地温预测模型并进行检验.
文章根据2015-2020年阿拉善左旗的环境空气质量监测数据和气象观测数据,利用AQI对大气中的SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO、O3等空气污染物的年际变化和季节变化特征进行了分析,并探讨了阿拉善左旗各污染物浓度与气象条件的关系.结果表明:2015-2020年阿拉善左旗的平均环境空气质量指数(AQI)为77.3,空气质量良好率达87％,污染程度较轻,且具有显著的季节变化特征,秋、冬季节空气质量优于春、夏季节.在这6年间AQI总体呈缓慢降低趋势,良好率有所上升,轻度污染—严重污染级别天数减少.阿拉善左旗首要污染物为PM10,超标率和污染物贡献率均最高,并且年内变化趋势与沙尘暴高发期时间同步.AQI与风速呈极显著的正相关;气温对污染物影响较大,气温变化越大越有利于NO2、CO、SO2浓度增加,风是影响颗粒物浓度的主要驱动力.
文章利用Adobe Photoshop、Adobe Premiere、EDIUS软件,按照气象可视化产品不同的表现形式,制作各类相关文字、图片、视频等科普素材,建立了通辽市新媒体气象科普素材库.利用Microsoft Visual Studio2017作为编程语言,建立了素材存储与查询系统,将气象科普素材按照气象术语、预警信息、灾害性天气、气象大数据分析、气象与生活、节日节气等进行分类,形成能够适应新媒体传播特征的常用基本素材库,提高了制作气象科普产品的质量和速度,实现了对素材的高效管理.
基于通辽市1960-2020年的逐日最高气温资料,利用线性回归分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验法分析高温特征,并利用气象行业标准QX/T228-2014对区域性高温过程进行定量评估.结果表明:(1)通辽市高温日站次数的增多趋势显著,扎鲁特旗南部、开鲁县、科左中旗西部为通辽市高温事件频发区域.(2)统计出区域性高温日数为262 d,年平均高温日数为4.3 d.区域性高温日最早出现在2015年的4月26日,最晚出现在2012年8月31日,主要集中在6-7月,6月下旬最多.年际变化表现为20世纪90年代出现次数最少,其次是20世纪60年代,高温日数突变年为2016年,2000-2020年出现频次有明显增长趋势.(3)对区域性高温连续日数进行分析,单日区域性高温占总高温日数的45％,区域性高温过程有55次,连续7d的过程历史上仅出现一次,为2007年6月21-27日.强度最强的区域性高温日为2017年5月18日.(4)利用气象行业标准《区域性高温天气过程等级划分》对55次区域性高温过程进行定量评估,得出有4次特强区域性高温过程.该等级评估方法适用性较好,适用于通辽市今后高温过程的划分.
文章详细分析2021年内蒙古119个国家站逐小时自动观测资料中出现的日最高气温≥35.0℃的高温情况以及对应的温压场,同时针对可发布预警信号情况做了分析.得出:全年出现≥35.0℃高温天气的有59个国家站,共出现348次,站点主要分布在中部偏西及以西地区;与常年相比西部地区的高温明显偏多,尤其鄂尔多斯市,而东部地区的高温明显偏少;5-9月均有高温天气发生,7月最多,且异常集中,为281次,占比81％;日最高气温主要出现在15-18时,呈单峰型,17时最多;全年有4次区域性高温过程,集中在西部地区;全年有10个站出现极端高温天气气候事件15次,其中乌海市单站就有4次;有3站持续高温日超过10日,均出现在7月,其中吉兰泰持续高温19日;高温发生时,500 hPa受高压(脊)控制,850 hPa处于暖区,地面处于低压区.分析满足高温预警信号的条件,发现满足区域发布条件的日期极少,站点满足高温黄色预警信号标准的46次,橙色预警信号的107次,红色预警信号的18次.
文章利用自动气象站资料、ERA5 0.25×0.25°再分析资料、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达观测资料等对2020年8月1日呼伦贝尔市中西部一次雷暴、大风强对流天气过程进行综合分析.结果表明:本次雷暴、大风天气过程是贝加尔湖冷涡和地面中尺度辐合线共同作用下产生的.中低层较大的垂直温度递减率为对流天气的产生提供了不稳定环境条件;地面中尺度辐合线提供了触发条件;08时海拉尔探空曲线上干冷、下暖湿的"喇叭状"特征是雷暴、大风产生的层结条件;中等强度的垂直风切变有利于对流系统的组织化发展.多个中尺度对流云团发展、移动、合并成MCC,TBB的低值区对雷暴、大风发生的位置具有指示意义;水汽图像表征水汽带北侧有暗区触发对流.满洲里和海拉尔天气雷达反射率因子产品呈现多个对流单体不断生成、合并、增强且自西南向东北移动的过程,在回波演变发展过程中出现了有组织性的带状回波,利于强对流天气的发生;径向速度大值区持续时间较长,并出现明显速度模糊和"逆风区"现象,低空大风动量下传作用造成了对流系统所经之处的地面大风;海拉尔天气雷达反射率因子剖面上多个发展强盛且竖直的对流单体横向排列,在径向速度剖面上对流层中层存在径向辐合区,具有产生地面大风的超级单体风暴特征.
随着气象事业的不断发展与进步,气象财务工作正在积极地发挥服务保障作用,气象部门决算工作是气象财务工作的重要组成部分,提升气象部门决算质量已经成为气象财务管理工作的重点.从历年气象部门决算编报质量和政府会计制度的实施情况看,部门决算工作按照决算要求在编报审核、汇总报送、数据资料、分析应用等方面还存在一些问题,这些问题影响着气象部门决算质量的高标准、严要求发展理念.文章结合作者多年来的气象部门决算编制工作经验与分析研究,针对当前气象部门决算工作中存在的问题进行分析,找出其影响因素,从加强气象部门主体意识、夯实决算基础信息、强化部门决算数据分析应用、重视结转结余资金等方面提出改进措施及建议,从而起到改善气象部门决算工作质量,促使气象部门决算工作不断地有所新作为、新担当,提升气象部门财务管理整体水平.
充分借鉴区域综合减灾模式的理论基础,结合案例教学实际需求,构建包含气象服务水平评价、气象灾害应对能力评价的暴雨气象灾害应对效益案例评价指标体系,涵盖从灾前预防、灾前准备和灾害响应在内的2个一级指标、8个二级指标和17个三级指标;以2017年8月2日青龙山暴雨灾害案例为样本,通过气象服务复盘、灾区实地走访,公众、政府机构以及社会联动部门调研等方式对本次暴雨灾害做出分析和评价,进而提炼出政府、气象部门及其他相关部门在整个暴雨灾害过程中值得借鉴的举措,同时也发现一些亟待解决的问题.将研究成果用于实际的案例教学课程中,为参训学员提供应对同类灾害事件的思路,有效提升了参训学员应对同类灾害事件的应急能力.
Using the newly-built regional automatic meteorological observation data, five regional automatic meteorological stations located in the hinterland of Kubuqi desert, the edge of the desert and the Yellow River valley around the desert are selected to analyze the monthly temperature data from August 2020 to July 2021. The results showed that:（1） Affected by the difference of physical properties of underlying surface, the variation range of monthly average temperature and average minimum temperature in the hinterland of desert is greater than that in the Yellow River valley;（2） The monthly average maximum temperature and the extreme maximum temperature in the hinterland of the desert stations is basically higher than that of the surrounding Yellow River Valley stations;（3） Compared with temperature, the hinterland of the desert stations and the desert edge have no regularity.
Measurement standard measurement ability can meet the needs of verification or calibration work and whether in normal working state, need to comprehensively judge verification or calibration results of repetitive test, measurement standard stability assessment, measurement instrument during the verification, verification or calibration results, and the results of key technologies. Through the study of various assessment methods corresponding to these several key technologies, the optimal assessment method of each key technology and the evaluation method of the assessment results are determined, so that the measurement ability of the measurement standards can be more effective and reliable confirmed for the reference of the measurement workers of the measurement technical institutions.
Based on the meteorological observation data of Chengde National Basic Meteorological Station from 1961 to 2021, the changes and influencing factors of sunshine hours in Chengde City in recent 61 years were analyzed by linear trend analysis, moving averaging, distance leveling method and t-test were. The results showed that in recent 61 years, the annual sunshine hours in Chengde City showed a significant decreasing trend, and the sunshine hours in four seasons also showed a decreasing trend, with most significant decreasing trend in summer. Therefore, the decrease of sunshine hours is mainly reflected in the decrease in summer.The annual sunshine hours were significantly negatively correlated with low cloud cover and relative humidity. The significant increase of low cloud cover and relative humidity was the main reason for the decrease of annual sunshine hours and seasonal sunshine hours.
Based on the Luanjingtan meteorological observation data of 2010—2020 and the observation and meteorological statistics of spring maize, we analyzed the fit of developmental period and yield structure to meteorological elements in spring maize, the results showed that, there was a good binomial regression relationship between the theoretical yield and the average air temperature of the first ten days of April and the second ten days of August, the determining coefficients were R~2= 0.7444 and R~2=8128, respectively. And there were good binomial regression relationship between plant grain weight and density, ear diameter at milk stage, the determining coefficients were R~2 = 0.7119, R~2 = 0.7140, respectively. When the plant density is more than 5.17 plants/m~2,the grain weight of plant decreaseed obviously. Therefore, it is very important to arrange the spring corn field management reasonably according to the local weather conditions to promote the growth and development of spring corn and improve the yield and quality.
In order to further improve the meteorological science popularization ability of disastrous weather, taking a severe snowstorm and strong cold wave weather process in Inner Mongolia from November 5 to 10, 2021 as an example to analyze and summarize the results and existing problems in the science popularization publicity and public opinion response of this sudden severe weather event, and studies how to do a good job in science popularization in disastrous weather accurately deliver authoritative meteorological information, effectively responded to social concerns, avoided adverse public opinion, improve the communication level of meteorological disaster science popularization, rationally respond to the impact of disastrous weather, and explore ways to improve the public’s meteorological scientific literacy, disaster prevention and reduction awareness and correct understanding of meteorological work.
To solve the satellite remote sensing integrated application system construction and training effective supply insufficient contradiction, based on the concept of mixed training, focuses on the analysis of training needs, training development and design,training implementation and effect evaluation, this article analyzed the training mode of comprehensive application of satellite remote sensing, and discussed the construction ideas of provincial meteorological service training mode. The training practice from 2018 to 2020 showed that, has achieved good results in the integrated application training of satellite remote sensing, and effectively expanded the coverage of the training. The construction of the mode can provide reference for the continuing development of meteorological business training projects in the new era.
The publicity work of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation is of great significance. In the new media era,meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation publicity has certain advantages, combined with the responsibility and mission, we analyzed the problems existing in the meteorological department in disaster prevention and mitigation propaganda, and according to the practice of public opinion propaganda work, we put forward some thoughts on the relevant work of the work, which provides reference and reference for better publicizing and reporting the disaster prevention and mitigation work and popularizing the knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation
Agricultural meteorological hazard index is the basis of agricultural meteorological service. Affected by urban change, the original agricultural meteorological index in Hetao region can not serve agricultural production well. The purpose of this study is to provide a more reliable meteorological index for the introduction of new varieties and the development of high-tech agriculture in Hetao area. Linhe station and Shanba suburban station are selected to study urban climate and extreme climate change.The straight-line distance between the two stations is 22km.The maximum number of daily maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃ in Linhe Station was in the 1990s, followed by the 2010s. The mean extreme maximum temperature in Linhe Station was 37.0 ℃ in 1990s, the second is the 2010s, which is 36.8 ℃. The average annual extreme minimum temperature of Linhe Station was the highest in the 1990s at-20.9℃. With the 30 year average not affected by urban climate, the annual sunshine hours of Linhe Station decreased by 3.5%, 5.6% and 5.2% in the 1980s and 1 990s and 2 910s,, respectively. The maximum annual gale days of Shannba Station and Linhe Station were 30.4 days and 8.5 days in the 1970s, respectively. The second highest number of gale days was in the 2020s, which was 4.3d. Shanba station showed a gradual downward trend. The peak frost value of Linhe station appeared from 2006 to 2009, and the peak frost value appeared from 1994 to 1997, the effect of urban climate on frost is very obvious; The highest accumulated temperature of ≥ 0 ℃ and ≥ 10 ℃ at Linhe Station was 4046.0 ℃ and 3550.4 ℃ in the 2000s, respectively, and the lowest accumulated temperature of the two stations was in the 1970s. 1971 to 1990 was a period of small influence on urban climate. The 1990s was the period of great influence, and the 2020s was the recovery period.
From April 24 to 25,2022, there was a large-scale torrential rain and local heavy rain in southwest Henan province, with a widely influence, high precipitation intensity, strong hourly rain, and significant convection and extreme.. Based on conventional observation data, regional automatic station data, FY-2G satellite and Doppler radar data, this paper analyzed the causes, mesoscale characteristics and forecast deviations of this spring heavy rain. The results showed that:（1） This process occurred in the favorable large-scale background of 500 hPa trough, low-level vortex and jet, surface pour slot. The deep water vapor saturation layer, dry air intrusion of middle layer, weak thermal instability while strong dynamic instability the main feature of this process reflecting the difference from summer heavy rain, which provided favorable environmental conditions for this spring heavy rain in southwestern Henan.（2） Heavy rain cloud developed constantly and formed MCS gradually and the low value center of TBB reached-52 ℃.The heavy rain mainly located in the relatively dense contour area behind the low value center of TBB.（3） The echoe showed a typical low-centroid tropical ocean type with the maximum intensity of 55～60 dBz, showing the characteristics of quasi-stationary,train effect and backward propagation,which can lead to a high precipitation efficiency. The vertical profile of the radar presented a typical low center of mass tropical ocean echo, with high precipitation efficiency, resulting in strong hourly rain.（4） The mesoscale characteristics of the ground showed that the outflow of the cold pool interacts with the Dongfeng convergence line. On the one hand,the convection development was maintained, and on the other hand, the new convection was triggered in the downstream area. The cold pool continued to strengthen, which was conducive to the convection transmission, leading to the occurrence and development of heavy precipitation（5） Although the large-scale global numerical model and mesoscale model reflected the east-west rainstorm zone, the overall position of the rain belt was the north and the intensity was obviously weak. The forecast deviation of the low vortex path was the main reason for the precipitation deviation.
The surface Potential gradient of the transformer substation is one of the important parameters used to characterize the operation of the grounding device. The surface Potential gradient of the transformer substation Measuring can provide a scientific and objective judgment basis for the normal and reliable operation of the grounding grid. In this paper, HMDWR-5A grounding impedance tester is used to measure the Potential gradient of the transformer substation of Lingxiang Jiletu wind farm in Baotou, by analyzing the test results to judge whether the grounding condition of the ground grid is ideal, and summarizes the stable operation and safety problems of electrical equipment that should be noted in the test process, in order to provide the basis and reference in the future surface potential gradient detection work.
Using routine observation data, regional automatic station data and NCEP（1°× 1°） reanalysis data, we analyzed the Xilingol League of an extreme blizzard weather process on November 5-7,2021. The results showed that, the main circulation background conditions of the blizzard weather process were the Ural mountain high-pressure ridge, and the Lake Baikal cold vortex, low-altitude shear line and ground cold front were the trigger mechanism of this blizzard. The low layer was acted on by the northeast rapids, forming a "cold pad", forcing the warm and wet air to lift along the cold pad. The middle and low layer front area was obvious, and the strong front falling area corresponded to the blizzard area. The 700 hPa southwest airflow continuously transmitted water vapor, and the blizzard area was located in the large value area of water vapor flux, specific humidity and water vapor flux divergence convergence. The heavy snowfall area meted the MPV1＞ 0, and the MPV2 ＜0 conditions. MPV1 from high altitude caused the strengthening of low cold air, increased the contrast of cold and warm air, strengthened the frontogenesis, and strengthened the snowfall.
As an important part of water balance, the change of evapotranspiration has an important influence on ecology and hydrology. Based on the large scale weighing lysimeter of Stockbreeding Meteorology Experiment Station of Xilinguole League in Inner Mongolia, the characteristics of evapotranspiration and its influencing climate factors from 2006 to 2020 were studied.The results showed that: In the past 16 years, the total amount of annual evaporation in typical steppe showed a weak decline trend. The variation characteristics of grassland evapotranspiration were consistent with the growth process of grasses, and the high evapotranspiration occured in the booming period. The total and daily evapotranspiration were the maximum in the middle growth stage and the minimum during the initial growth stage while in the early growth stage were the minimum. Air relative humidity,temperature and precipition were the main influencing climate factors of evapotranspiration.
