为进一步筛选出更加适合周口砂质土壤区种植的芝麻新品种,对近年来选育和引进的芝麻新品种郑芝12号、商芝1306、漯芝19号、舆芝18号、豫芝4号、皖0222、驻芝22号、周芝16号、豫芝23号、周芝12号共10个品种进行丰产性、抗逆性鉴定筛选试验,以期加快周口砂质土壤区芝麻新品种的引进和推广步伐,使生产上获得较好的经济效益.结果表明,周芝16号表现良好,适宜在周口砂质土壤区大面积推广应用.驻芝22号、郑芝12号、豫芝23号产量、经济性状和抗病性表现也较好,可作为搭配品种进行推广应用.
结合几年的栽培实践,总结出了在唐山山区阳面建造的阴阳型日光温室中甘蓝和桃树的高效栽培模式,旨在为阴阳型日光温室高效栽培提供参考.其中,阳面温室栽培桃树,阴面温室栽培甘蓝.
油菜是产油率较高的四大油料作物之一,在河南各地广泛地种植.春季是油菜生长的关键时期,从浇水、排涝、施肥、防寒等栽培技术及病虫害防治等方面介绍了油菜春季田间管理关键技术,为河南油菜的安全生产提供技术指导.
测土配方施肥是促进现代农业发展的一项重大农业生产技术措施.为进一步研究测土配方施肥在小麦生产上的应用效果,在不同肥力水平地块分别设置了测土配方施肥、习惯施肥与不施肥(空白对照,CK)3个处理进行研究.结果表明,测土配方施肥更有利于满足小麦不同生育时期的需肥要求,对小麦产量形成及提高有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量有一定促进作用.综合不同施肥处理对小麦产量及效益的影响认为,测土配方施肥效果明显优于习惯施肥和不施肥.
在玉米生产中存在投工较多、劳动强度较大、劳动效率较低等问题.通过实施品种筛选、播种带旋耕灭茬、混合施肥、单粒精播、节水灌溉、病虫草害防治、适时晚收等夏玉米轻简化生产技术,可减少种子、化肥、农药投入,减轻劳动强度,提高劳动效率,增加农民收入,实现节本增效.
Since entering 2023,the domestic rice market has maintained a stable upward trend,and the price level has improved compared to the previous year due to the phased and regional tension in the supply and demand pattern.In the second half of the year,new grains have been harvested and listed one after another,and the market supply has improved.However,due to the good quality of rice and the active acquisition of various enterprises,the purchase price of rice has remained high and stable,and the purchase progress has been smooth and orderly.The policy of minimum purchase price for rice has not been initiated.In the later stage,as autumn grain enters the centralized acquisition period,it is expected that under the influence of increased supply,resurgent demand,and policy support,the overall price of the rice market will remain stable,with slight fluctuations in different regions.
葡萄是世界著名四大水果之一,在河南各地广泛种植.葡萄因其风味佳、营养价值高、适应性强等特性深受人们喜爱.近年来,河南葡萄生产中春季霜冻每年均会不同程度发生,严重制约着其葡萄产业的健康发展.介绍春季霜冻对葡萄生产的影响及补救措施,以期给河南葡萄优质安全生产提供参考.
为优化沿黄稻区水稻品种结构,河南省种业发展中心对征集到的10个水稻品种进行了多点展示.结果表明,同一品种在不同展示点的生育期、农艺性状、产量和抗病性表现不同.其中,新香粳1号、新稻89、新丰12、新科稻37、郑稻C42表现出较好的丰产性和抗逆性,且生育期适中,适宜在沿黄稻区推广种植.
简述了优质高产多抗芝麻新品种周芝11号的选育过程,并介绍了其生物学特性、植物学特征及生长发育规律,根据大田生产经验提出了配套绿色栽培技术,以期做到良种良法配套,为芝麻生产获得最大经济社会效益提供了参考依据.
安阳市花生主产区由于连作病虫危害严重,花生与鲜食玉米带状复合种植既能破除花生连作障碍,减轻花生病虫害的发生,又能增加农民收入.根据安阳市花生生产实际,从带状种植方式、品种选择、鲜食玉米延后分期播种、病虫草害防治等方面提出花生与鲜食玉米带状复合种植技术,为安阳市实现粮油协同增产提供参考.
In order to improve the quality of the upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves in central Henan,the effects of stable time in yellowing and fixing stages on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied with the upper flue-cured leaves of Zhongyan 100 as materials.The results showed that compared with the conventional curing technique,when the yellowing stage(38 ℃)was prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of high-grade tobacco were increased,the oil content,structure,color,aroma of appearance were improved,major chemical components were harmonious,and the aroma amount,miscellaneous gas,aftertaste and combustibility of sensory evaluation were better.In the fixing color stage,when the temperature of 46℃was prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of top-grade tobacco were increased,the structure,color,aroma were improved,the chemical components were harmonious,and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was significantly increased,but it was not conducive to the improvement of sensory quality,and the aroma quality,aroma quantity and other indicators were decreased.When the yellowing stage(38 ℃)and the fixing stage(46 ℃)were both prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of top-grade tobacco were significantly increased,chemical components were coordinate,the sensory evaluation of aroma quality,aroma amount,miscellaneous gas,aftertaste,flammability and total amount of neutral aroma substances significantly increased.It can be concluded that the overall performance of cured tobacco is better under T3(38 ℃extended for 12 h)and T4 treatment(38 ℃ and 46 ℃ extended for 12 h),and T4 treatment(38 ℃ and 46 ℃ extended for 12 h)is the best.
大豆是我国重要的油料作物及主要的经济类作物之一,在全国各地均可种植.大豆不仅含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪,而且含有大量微量元素,是人民健康生活中获取优质植物蛋白质和植物油的主要渠道.随着人们生活水平的提高和大豆加工产业的快速发展,对大豆的品质要求越来越高,对大豆的总需求量也越来越大.近年来,虽然大豆种植面积在逐年增加,但大豆单产提升并不明显.随着劳动力成本的攀升,大豆的轻简化栽培也在逐渐替代传统的种植方式.基于大豆田间种植经验,总结了大豆优质高产轻简化栽培模式,为大豆种植户提供技术参考,助力乡村振兴.
The principles and suggestions on the distribution and utilization of wheat varieties in 2023-2024 were put forward in view of the northern wheat area,the south-central wheat area,the eastern wheat area,the southern wheat area and the dry wheat area,so as to lay the foundation for the high and stable yield of wheat in the whole province.
玉米机械籽粒收获被认为是继玉米单粒播种之后又一次玉米生产技术的重大变革.为筛选出适合豫北种植、综合农艺性状好、产量高、适宜机械化籽粒直收的玉米新品种,2022年进行了7个玉米品种的比较试验.结果表明,适宜豫北地区机械直接收获籽粒的品种为MC812.其籽粒含水量(24.84％)在9月30日即已达到籽粒直收标准.虽然其产量(12 930.0 kg/hm2)比豫单888、京农科736略低,但考虑到收获后的晾晒成本及下茬作物小麦适期播种等因素,玉米品种MC812为最佳选项.为规避气候因素、病虫危害等对单一品种带来的潜在风险,播种时可选择玉米品种MC812搭配种植京农科736、豫单888.
为了进一步提高豫北地区蜜薯种植技术水平,根据近几年的生产实践,结合豫北地区自然条件总结出一套蜜薯高产、高效栽培技术模式,以提高蜜薯产量、品质和商品性,为豫北地区蜜薯种植生产提供技术指导.
为构建玉米杂交种泛玉398及其亲本的指纹图谱,利用40对玉米核心引物,通过简单序列重复长度多态性(SSR)分子标记技术进行分析.结果表明,筛选出6对亲本条带互补、清晰稳定的引物,分别是 bnlg439w1、umc2015k3、umc1705w1、bnlg291k4、umc1147y4、bnlg1671y17,并将所构建指纹图谱数字化,分别用"0"和"1"表示,计算得到出现相同指纹图谱的概率为5.96×10-8.这6对引物所构建指纹图谱可以用于玉米杂交种泛玉398及其亲本的真实性鉴定.
为探讨有机肥对花生经济性状和产量的影响,以及施用有机肥后土壤供肥性能的改善情况,进行了花生施用有机肥田间试验.结果表明,示范区(施有机肥1 500 kg/hm2)花生的主茎高、侧枝长较对照区(不施有机肥)增长0.6、1.3 cm,总分枝数、结果枝数均增加0.6个,单株果数增加3.1个,百果质量、百仁质量分别增加35、10.2g,出仁率提高2.6百分点,增产率达到8.4％;土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加0.6g/kg、0.01 g/kg、0.3 mg/kg、5 mg/kg.表明施用有机肥作基肥可以促进花生的生长,延缓花生衰老,提高花生百果质量和百仁质量,最终提高花生产量,同时对提高土壤养分含量也起到了良好作用.
为了解河南省漯河市迁飞性害虫小地老虎和黏虫蛾种群动态、雌雄性比及卵巢发育情况,探讨两者同步现象,于2018-2022年利用虫情测报灯对其成虫种群进行系统监测,并对灯下雌蛾卵巢进行解剖.结果表明,小地老虎和黏虫在漯河市始见日均在3月上中旬,年分别可见4代和5代成虫,第1代和第2代世代重叠.均以第1代发生数量最多,其次为第2代.第1代蛾高峰期均在5月下旬至6月下旬,第2代蛾高峰期分别在7月中旬至8月中旬和7月中下旬,2种蛾的消长趋势基本一致.通常小地老虎和黏虫第1代蛾高峰日分别在6月中旬和6月上旬,第2代蛾高峰日分别在7月下旬和7月中下旬,黏虫第1代和第2代蛾峰日平均值分别比小地老虎提前10.0 d和10.5 d,蛾峰日平均值相差天数保持稳定.小地老虎和黏虫蛾雌雄性比的变化趋势存在同步现象.小地老虎和黏虫2种雌蛾的卵巢发育进度、交配率和交配次数具有近似性.
