Mastering the spatial IRSEtemporal variations of ecological quality in mining areas and the mechanism of driving factors is of great significance for the sustainable development of mines.Taking Daye City as an example,Two Landsat images from 2000 and 2019 were selected as the basic data sources.The improved remote sensing ecological index was used to evaluate the ecological quality and evolution characteristics of typical mining areas in Daye City.The geographic detector model was used to comprehensively analyze the interaction relationships between eight driving factors,including natural and human factors;On this basis,single factor analysis was conducted on mining activities,roads,and land use,respectively.The results show that:①In 2000 and 2019,the remote sensing ecological index(IRSE)of typical mining areas in Daye City is 0.59 and 0.63,respectively.The overall ecological quality changed from intermediate to good,and the spatial distribution of ecological quality show significant differences.The proportion of ecological quality grades of excellent and poor is increasing;②In general,land use,elevation,and residential areas are the dominant factors in the spatial heterogeneity of ecological quality distribution in the study area,and there is a dual factor or nonIRSElinear enhancement among the driving factors;From the local perspective,roads and mining activities have the significant negative impact on the surrounding ecological quality,and the degree of impact is increasing;③The geographical weighted regression analysis has a better fitting degree than ordinary univariate linear regression,and when the kernel density estimation(EKD)of mining land is greater than or equal to 0.2,the research scope includes the mining area and a certain buffer zone around it.At this time,the fitting degree and correlation coefficients of mining land EKD with IRSE and ΔIRSE reach their maximum values,indicating that mining land will have the significant impact on its own and surrounding ecological quality;④The impact of roads on the surrounding ecological quality exhibits similar gradient changes,with the comprehensive impact threshold of around 750 m;⑤From the perspective of land use change,the deterioration of ecological quality is mainly due to the expansion of urban and mining areas,the addition of new roads,and the transfer of cultivated land to impermeable layers.The improvement of ecological quality is mainly due to the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands,and the abandonment of some cultivated land,which leads to its transfer to shrubs.
With the change of mining conditions of the ore body of Datang Mine in Wengfu phosphate Mine,in order to meet the mining demand of phosphate rock resources,reduce the mining ratio and improve the mining efficiency,it is decided to adopt the VCR(large-diameter deep-hole stage open stope subsequent filling mining)method.By adjus-ting the blasting parameters to match the amount of explosives with the properties of the ore and rock,the rate of large blocks is reduced,and by sorting and removing waste rock and mining debris,the crushing and grinding cost is further reduced.The stope ventilation is made full use of the existing engineering,combined with mechanical ventila-tion and natural ventilation,with the negative pressure of the main air flow to achieve normal ventilation.In the process of ore transportation,comprehensive consideration of mining progress and transportation vehicle scheduling,flexible adjustment of mining production and transportation processes,so that ach process is coordinated and reasona-bly coordinated,providing efficient ore transportation as a guarantee for the mining,processing,and sales of mineral products.
Attapulgite is a kind of silicate clay mineral of water-rich and magnesium-rich with layered chain structure and regular pores in the structure.It is a natural one-dimensional nanomaterial with large surface area and strong adsorption,and has been widely used in the field of ceramics.The crystal structure and basic properties of attapulgite,including adsorption,catalytic,filling,colloidal and suspension,were briefly described;the structural evolution of attapulgite during heating was analyzed;The application of attapulgite in traditional ceramics and functional ceramics was reviewed,and its future research direction was prospected.
As one of the bulk solid wastes in China,titanium-containing blast-furnace slag not only occupies a lot of land resources and pollutes the environment,but also causes serious waste of resources due to the ineffective utilization of titanium resources and other valuable components.The properties of titanium-containing blast-furnace slag was summarized,and the principles,advantages and disadvantages of titanium extraction processes such as wet,fire and selective enrichment were reviewed.With the proposal of the dual-carbon goal,the new titanium extraction technology should combine the traditional method with the unconventional metallurgical technology,and develop in the direction of green environmental protection,economic efficiency and short process.
In order to achieve the prediction of clean coal yield and ash mass fraction for different coking coal flota-tion,four types of coking coal in Ordos region were selected as research objects,and alkanes with carbon chain length of 8～16 were selected as collectors to conduct flotation experiments on the four types of coking coal;Using density,contact angle,ash mass fraction,collector carbon chain length,and collector dosage as input variables,and clean coal yield and ash mass fraction as output variables,BP neural network model was constructed using MATLAB to analyze the prediction error of the model.It was found that the clean coal yield model and ash mass fraction model converged quickly,achieving the set accuracy of 0.001 after 16 and 8 iterations,respectively,and the model error was small.The maximum error is 0.159 79%.Taking coking coal from a coal mine in Shenhua as a sample,the actual results of flotation yield and ash mass fraction were compared with the predicted results.The results showed that the prediction results of flotation yield and ash mass fraction were good,with an error of less than 5%for both,indicating high relia-bility of the model.The research results provide a new method for regulating the flotation indicators of coking coal.
In order to determine the stability of slope more accurately and efficiently,55 groups of slope case samples were selected.Six indexes,including bulk density,cohesion,internal friction angle,slope angle,slope height and pore pressure ratio,were used as slope stability prediction indexes.Kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)was used to map the index data into high-dimensional space for linear calculation.In order to improve the operation efficiency and prediction accuracy of K-nearest neighbor(KNN)model,KPCA-KNN slope stability prediction model was con-structed after training,and it was compared with other three prediction models.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the test set of the proposed model is 100%,which is superior to the traditional KNN,BP neural network and support vector machine(SVM)models,and the training time is shorter.The application results of six engineering examples show that the prediction results of KPCA-KNN model are completely consistent with the actual state of slope,and the accuracy is better than the other three prediction models.
With the increase of mining depth in open-pit mines,there are more and more high and steep slopes,and the frequency of slope disasters is increasing year by year.In order to reduce the occurrence of slope disasters,it is necessary to carry out slope stability prediction research.A open-pit slope stability prediction model combining princi-pal component analysis(PCA)and random forest model(RF)was proposed by comparing and screening machine learning algorithms.The results of slope instance prediction showed that the accuracy of the model reached 100%;Through the 6-fold cross validation method evaluation,it was found that the prediction accuracy of the model is as high as 94.44%.The model was applied to the stability prediction of the end slope of the open-pit mining site in the eastern part of Lala Copper Mine.The results showed that the east,west,south,and north slopes of the slope were all in a stable state.The prediction results can provide reference for the actual production of the mine.
In the study of rock burst tendency prediction,the randomness of the weighting results of a single weigh-ting method is high,and the calculation of weight combination is not scientific and reasonable enough,resulting in low accuracy of rock burst prediction.Four methods,including multiplication combination weighting,rough set theory(RS),CRITIC method,and game theory comprehensive weighting method,were used to determine the weights.The matter element extension theory was introduced,and the rock burst level was determined based on the maximum cor-relation degree criterion;Selecting stress coefficient,strength brittleness coefficient,elastic energy index,and sur-rounding rock integrity coefficient as evaluation indicators,analyzing 20 typical rock burst data at home and abroad as samples,comparing the accuracy of rock burst level prediction results obtained by four weighting methods,the results show that the rock burst prediction model based on game theory comprehensive weighting extension theory has a pre-diction accuracy of 95%,which is higher than the prediction accuracy of the other three weighting methods.The mod-el was applied to predict rock burst in the diversion tunnel of Jinping second-level hydropower station,and the results obtained were consistent with the on-site results,further verifying the reliability of the model in this paper.
A typical coal gangue in Junger area of Inner Mongolia was studied.NaX/NaP mixed crystal molecular sieve was prepared by alkaline melt-hydrothermal method.The molecular sieve was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effects of initial mass concen-tration,adsorption temperature,adsorption time and dosage of molecular sieve on the adsorption properties of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in water by NaX/NaP mixed molecular sieve were systematically studied.The results showed that:The adsorption processes of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by NaX/NaP mixed molecular sieve were consistent with the Langmuir isother-mal adsorption model,and the saturated adsorption capacities of Cu2+ and Zn2+ were 118.68 mg/g and 127.86 mg/g respectively.The adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by mixed molecular sieve conforms to the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics,and the adsorption process is diffusion process.Coal gangue based molecular sieve shows good adsorption effect on heavy metal ions,and can be used to treat heavy metal wastewater,thus realizing high-value utilization of coal gangue.
Based on the composition of radioactive waste resin cement solidified body of a nuclear power plant in China,mixed resin cement solidified body containing Sr,Cs,Ni,Co,I five kinds of key simulated nuclides was pre-pared.The long-term leaching behavior of five kinds of key nuclides in cement solidified body was studied.The results showed that the average pH value of leaching solution was 11.54 during the leaching period of 24 hours to 192 days,the nuclides always participated in leaching in alkaline environment,the conductivity showed a trend of oscillation and increasing,and the components in solidified body continued to dissolve out.The leaching rate and cumulative leaching fraction of the five types of nuclides meet the relevant requirements of GB 14569.1-2011"Performance Requirements for Low and Medium Level Radioactive Waste Solidification Bodies-Cement Solidification Bodies";The leaching rate of I is the lowest,which is three orders of magnitude lower than the standard value;The one-dimensional decay leaching model can effectively predict the leaching behavior of nuclides Co,Cs,and Ni;The leaching of Sr is jointly controlled by a one-dimensional leaching model and a linear leaching model,and after 72 days,it shows an accelerated leaching trend.
Directly adsorbing and extracting lithium from low lithium salt lake brine can achieve efficient utilization of low-grade lithium resources,which is of great significance for improving China's lithium salt supply pattern.Using a self-developed new lithium adsorbent,the adsorption effect of lithium ions on a low lithium and high magnesium salt lake brine(Li mass concentration 50～70 mg/L,magnesium lithium ratio 650～680)in Qinghai Province was studied.The results showed that when the temperature was 25℃,the adsorption time was 20 hours,the pH regulator addi-tion ratio was 1∶1,and the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶500,the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 24.6 mg/g,and the adsorption rate was 92.8%,The adsorption limit of the adsorbent for lithium ions in brine is≥5 mg/L;During the desorption process,under the conditions of temperature of 25℃,acid concentration of 0.045 mol/L,adsorbent to acid solution ratio of 1 g∶45 mL,and desorption time of 12 hours,the resolution rate reaches 100%.Under optimized experimental conditions,20 cycles were conducted,with an average adsorption capacity of 24 mg/g,a resolution rate of nearly 100%,and a single dissolution loss rate of≤0.01%.This adsorbent can be used for direct lithium extraction from low lithium salt lake brine with a lithium mass concentration below 70 mg/L.It has the advan-tages of high adsorption rate,large adsorption capacity,and low single dissolution loss rate.
The image registration algorithm based on features is widely used for its stability and efficiency.The extraction of feature points is affected by factors such as different lighting conditions,scale changes and rotation angles.When the accuracy rate of the same feature points is low,it will directly affect the normal operation of the sub-sequent image mosaic,target recognition and so on.Based on the above description,a new image matching algorithm based on FREAK was proposed to solve the problem of image matching effect with different rotation angles.First,the SIFT algorithm was used to detect the point feature.Then,we used the FREAK descriptor to descript the detected points.And then used the nearest neighbor and the second nearest neighbor distance ratio of the obtained feature points for rough registration.Finally,the RANSAC algorithm was used in precise registration to get the best matching result.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the SURF algorithm,the SURF-FREAK algo-rithm and the operation results of the algorithm mentioned in this paper are compared based on the image data of two different rotation angles.The experimental results show that the algorithm has high accuracy and higher precise fea-tured points,the image matching with different rotation angles has high stability.
煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,处理不当不仅会占用大量的土地资源,还会对周边环境和居民身体健康造成不利影响."双碳"背景下要实现煤炭行业的绿色高质发展,必须要解决煤矸石的处理处置问题.按照全硫含量、灰分产率、灰成分、碳含量和灰熔点对煤矸石进行了分类,对其物理性质和化学组成进行了分析.阐述了煤矸石污染环境、污染水土和引发地质灾害等危害的机理,介绍了煤矸石的主要处理方法即物理法、化学法、物理化学法.煤矸石综合利用途径目前主要有用作建筑材料、发电、熔融烧结、充填采空区、用作肥料等,其中熔融烧结法值得重点关注,因煤矸石中含有大量灰分,该方法可以使灰分得到有效利用,符合"吃干榨净"的理念.
作为重要的潜在耕地资源,盐碱地的利用对确保我国耕地总量动态平衡、实现可持续发展具有重要意义.从物理治理、化学治理、生物治理、综合治理 4 个方面综述了盐碱地治理技术现状,提出了利用矿砂治理盐碱地的方法并阐述了其原理,总结了盐碱地治理过程中存在的问题,并从管理角度提出了发展对策,以期为我国盐碱地生态农业发展提供参考.
钙镁质磷矿反浮选过程中,氟磷灰石的选择性抑制是实现高效浮选分离的前提.通过单矿物浮选试验、FTIR分析、XPS测试、Zeta电位测试和气泡-颗粒黏附动力学(BPWA)测试等手段,研究了氨基三亚甲基膦酸(AT-MP)对氟磷灰石和白云石浮选行为的影响及其选择性抑制机理,结果表明:ATMP会抑制氟磷灰石上浮,但对白云石的抑制作用有限;ATMP在氟磷灰石表面的吸附作用大于白云石,更倾向于选择吸附在氟磷灰石表面;ATMP 主要与氟磷灰石表面的Ca原子作用,表现为化学吸附,占据Ca位点后降低了油酸钠(NaOL)的吸附作用,导致氟磷灰石被抑制,可浮性降低.
随着能源和环境问题日益突出,新能源的开发与利用受到了越来越多的关注.作为新能源技术的核心和基础,新能源材料的研发迅速成为全球研究热点.天然矿物具有种类多、成本低和环境友好等特点,使其在新能源材料的制备中受到了广泛关注.综述了不同种类的天然矿物在超级电容器、储气、锂离子电池、光/电催化和相变储能等领域的应用现状,分析了天然矿物的结构形貌对材料制备及性能的影响,指出了新能源矿物材料研究中存在的问题,并展望了其未来的研究方向.
轧钢皮是钢锭和钢坯在轧制过程中因表面氧化层脱落而产生的铁屑,其产生量约为钢材产量的 2%～3%,主要成分是铁氧化物,其中的杂质和化学成分稳定,可作为二次资源进行综合利用.介绍了轧钢皮的资源特点,综述了轧钢皮在各个领域的综合利用研究现状:在钢铁冶金领域,其可用于铁矿造块、生产还原铁粉和硅铁合金等;在化工领域,其可用于生产三氯化铁、硫酸亚铁等化工原料;在材料领域,其可用于合成催化剂或磁性铁氧体等功能性材料以及用于生产建筑材料.提高产品附加值、避免产生二次污染是未来轧钢皮资源化利用研究的重点方向.
近年来土壤重金属污染问题受到了社会广泛关注,这也与我国粮食安全和生态环境保护密切相关.腐殖酸和过磷酸钙复配在修复土壤重金属Cd污染中取得了良好效果,然而二者联合施用易造成土壤酸化.生物炭、腐殖酸和过磷酸钙是修复土壤重金属污染的常用材料,目前对 3 种钝化剂组合使用的效果评价研究甚少.采用牛粪和玉米秸秆两种生物炭与腐殖酸和过磷酸钙复配,研究了其对土壤 pH、重金属形态以及修复效果的影响,结果表明:生物炭、腐殖酸和过磷酸钙的联合配施,可明显提高土壤的 pH,使土壤中重金属Cd的有效态质量分数降低了 51.62%,修复后土壤中的Cd主要以较稳定的可氧化态和残渣态形式存在.
为解决硅酸盐水泥修复 Pb 污染土带来的高能耗、高污染及长效性不佳等问题,研制了新型地聚合物(GCS),并对某工业场地Pb污染土进行了治理,与相同条件下的硅酸盐水泥(OPC)进行了对比,研究了不同药剂掺量修复污染土的强度、溶出和微观结构等的变化规律,结果表明:GCS对Pb污染土治理效果远好于 OPC;当药剂掺量为12%时,GCS修复土的强度、酸雨溶出浓度分别达到我国建筑填料强度限值(2.5 MPa)、地表水Ⅲ类标准(0.05 mg/L);修复机制和微观结构的不同是 OPC、GCS修复土工程性能不同的内在原因,GCS的生成物质以 C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H 为主,而 OPC的生成物质以 AFt、C-S-H 为主,由于 C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H 的胶凝、黏聚作用、Pb 钝化能力都要强于AFt、C-S-H,从而使得GCS修复土的工程性能优于 OPC修复土.
以绿色治理推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化,是中国式现代化视域下矿业治理的题中之义.新时期以来,中国矿业绿色治理的理论逻辑和现实逻辑呈现出时间、空间和技术三重特征,矿业绿色治理的 ESG(Environmental、Social,Governance)目标权衡与策略选择、矿业绿色转型的经济风险、矿业绿色发展的关键矿产品供给风险,已成为中国式现代化视域下推进矿业绿色治理的重大挑战.面对中国式现代化视域下推进矿业绿色治理的合规治理底线要求、绿色治理发展标的、技术创新关键因素,结合矿业经济周期影响绿色治理、绿色矿山评价标准制约绿色治理、自然环境因素限制绿色治理等三大现实瓶颈,提出加快构建与国际矿业绿色治理规则相衔接的中国矿业绿色治理体系、积极推进矿业领域数字化广泛应用与融合转型、充分发挥绿色投融资的重要作用积极培育矿业金融市场、创新理论技术和政策体系引领国际矿业绿色发展的路径构建思路与方向.
