Climate change threatens urban areas globally. Enhancing resilience is crucial, yet the comprehensive clustering of practical climate adaptation measures for use in construction industry decision-making is notably absent. This study investigates and categorizes various climate adaptation measures, justifying each through a lens of risk management, asset management, and previous scientific work. It takes advantage of the innovative digital platform Netobra, which offers an ecosystem for the construction industry, to provide real-world, practical implications of these measures. Informed by the Urban Resilience Evaluation System, ISO 31000 (risk management), and ISO 55000 (asset management), the study sets out to demonstrate the value of these measures in bolstering urban resilience and improving decision-making in the construction industry. Moreover, the study integrates a hotspot detection mechanism for areas at high risk of climate impacts, using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA)-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) mapping on Netobra. These identified hotspots and corresponding climate adaptation measures will further be incorporated into a Risk-Informed Asset-Centric (RIACT) process, providing valuable insights for climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in urban development. Through its in-depth analysis, the study aims to contribute to the understanding of how diverse climate adaptation measures can be practically applied in various sectors, thereby enhancing urban resilience and effective risk and asset management.
Green infrastructure (GI) classifications are widely applied to predict and assess its suitability for urban biodi-versity and ecosystem service (ES) provisioning. However, there is no consolidated classification, which hampers elucidating synthesis and consolidated relationships across ES and biodiversity.In this research, we aim to bridge the gap between urban GI research on ES and biodiversity by providing a standardized common classification that enables consistent spatial analysis.We analyzed GI classifications used across five ES and four taxa in scientific literature. GI classes were analyzed based on name, definition and characteristics. Results were used to create a novel classification scheme accounting for both ES and biodiversity.We show that many GI classes are unique to a ES or taxon, indicating a lack of multifunctionality of the classification applied. Among the universally used classes, diversity in their definitions is large, reducing our mechanistic understanding of multifunctionality in GI. Finally, we show that most GI classes are solely based on land-use or land-cover, lacking in-depth detail on vegetation. Through standardization and incorporation of key characteristics, we created a Consolidated Urban Green Infrastructure Classification (CUGIC). This classification is fully available through openly-accessible databases.Our consolidated standardized classification accommodates interdisciplinary research on ES and biodiversity and allows elucidating urban biodiversity and ES relationships into greater detail, facilitating cross-comparisons and integrated assessments. This will provide a foundation for future research efforts into GI multi-functionality and urban greening policies.
Contemporary planetary urbanisation has resulted in increasingly uneven and ‘hyper-mobile’ socio-spatial development across the globe. Within a ‘new mobilities paradigm’, emerging and highly dynamic social and physical mobilities intersect at multiple scales to amplify the mobilities of particular social actors and spaces, while intensifying the immobility of others. A single method for studying socio-spatial inequalities is insufficient to capture complex mobility interactions across different scales of transformation, yet multi-dimensional methodologies lack sufficient elaboration. Within our original methodological framework, selected methods are integrated and cross-referenced to employ different dimensions of social and physical mobility (commute patterns, spatial accessibility, power relations, everyday practices), at interlinking scales (municipality region, neighbourhood, and architectural). Through a pilot study in Huangyan-Taizhou, China, we demonstrate how methods support one another to reflect how (im)mobilities between and within social groups and spaces interrelate through urbanisation. The findings show that informality generated opportunities and risks for mobility; inequalities have intensified and actors with less resources are excluded from the benefits of transformation. Our methodological approach for socio-spatial inequality presents a framework with potential for adaptation in other global transitional contexts, supporting socio-spatial interventions and policy-making toward more balanced and sustainable mobility interactions with comprehensive empirical evidence.
Under the requirement of limited or even negative urban land increment,understanding the motivations for urban regeneration and promoting sustainable regeneration practices constitute crucial issues in the contemporary planning studies.Applying the rent gap theory, the paper breaks down the land rent gap into four components: depreciation rent gap, development rent gap, rule rent gap, and scenario rent gap, with the latter being a novel concept inspired by Clark’s scenario theory.The paper also examines the causes, characteristics, and dynamics of various rent gaps in urban regeneration, and explains the rationale behind market players’ choice between demolition-redevelopment and micro-regeneration. Using Langyuan Vintage Cultural and Creative Industrial Park and Tianzifang area as cases, the paper analyses the patterns of rent gap changes in the regeneration process. It argues that future urban regeneration requires a healthy and sustainable multiple rent-gap structure. In addition, the paper suggests that scenario rent gap should be valued, the possibility of incentivizing the realization of scenario rent gap with regular rent gap should be explored to enhance the momentum of micro-renewal, and institutional support should be provided to promote the sustainable increase of scenario rent gap.
苏格兰20分钟邻里的全国公平性评估：居住地点的社会空间邻近性分析20分钟邻里（20-min neighborhood，简称为20MN）的概念根植于紧凑城市理论，鼓励开发居民住所一定步行范围内的城市地区，方便居民获得公共交通、公共开放空间，并为当地日常生活提供良好的设施和服务。已有研究表明，紧凑型城市设计有益于居民健康，20分钟邻里建设可以通过改善社区的连通性与获取服务的便利性，提升健康水平、减少健康不平等现象。
Urban design has evolved historically from the traditional（classical） urban design in the pre-industrial era, the modernist urban design in the industrial period,and green urban design since the 1960’s to digital urban design in the new millennium. Contemporary urban design practices blend the features of the four historical paradigms and are increasingly oriented toward green ecology, history and culture, and science and technology. In order to cooperate with other countries in tackling global climate change problems, the Chinese government has set the "double carbon" goals in 2020, which makes green transformation of urban design an imperative. This paper reviews the concept of green urban design in China and introduces and summarizes green urban design experiences of the author’s team through case studies of Haikou, Xiamen, Huzhou, Guangzhou, and other places that prioritize ecology.
党的二十大以"中国式现代化"全面总结了中国经济社会发展道路的基本特征与内涵.简要而言,与当年由西方国家开启并持续200多年的现代化道路不同,我们走的是一条基于中国独特国情、经济社会发展进程高度压缩的现代化道路.改革开放以来,工业化、城镇化、农业现代化、信息化等几种过程并联交织、互相作用,"城市—乡村"的相互关系遂成为透视"中国式现代化"历程与未来的关键视角.
国土空间规划提出后,整个规划行业突然陷入混乱——大家被告知必须"离开",但却没人知道要"去哪儿".于是规划行业"百花齐放",四面出击,"所有的人去所有的地方"."中国式城乡现代化"这个话题之所以重要,乃是因为它能够在规划大变局中帮助规划重新定位,在混乱中创造出新的秩序.
党的二十大报告提出中国式现代化并阐述了五个方面的特征,即人口规模巨大的现代化、全体人民共同富裕的现代化、物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化、走和平发展道路的现代化.这五个特征都与城乡现代化高度相关,人的现代化是根本,高质量发展是主线,其中一头一尾是总体要求,要从基本国情出发,目标是创造人类文明新形态.中间是要把握好的三个主要关系:处理好效率与公平关系,推进城乡融合和区域协调,促进全体人民共同富裕;处理好经济与文化的关系,塑造多元城市文化,保护传承文化基因,促进物质文明和精神文明相协调;处理好保护与发展关系,优化生产、生活、生态空间,体现人与自然和谐共生.
In the background of territorial spatial planning reform and ensuring national food security, there is an urgent need to establish a unified agricultural land use regulation system. This paper traces the development of China’s land use regulation system and analyzes the problems of agricultural land use regulation in Nanjing, such as limited scope of control, insufficient means of control, inadequate control procedures, etc. Based on a review of agricultural land types and zoning types, the paper clarifies the targets and goals of agricultural land control by following the principle of "prioritizing agricultural land protection through control documents and managing land use control based on zone and category designation".It proposes to follow the control logic of "zoning-land-use/projects-activity" in managing agricultural land and to categorize human activities relevant to agricultural land control into three types: agricultural production, ecological conservation, and construction, which can be further subdivided into 15 types of land or projects.Based on this, the access rules and control specifications for various types of land use or projects and zone types are clarified so as to effectively balance the loss and reclaim of agricultural land and provide localized reference for China’s territorial spatial regulation reform.
This paper quantitatively evaluates the implementation of the latest management policy documents of regulatory planning issued by Guangdong Provincial Government, and compares the differences in responses of 21 cities in terms of local attitudes and implementation progress. It is found that technical policies which can take effect immediately and procedural policies that are directly executable are more popular, while policies involving delegation of power and decentralization are more difficult to implement. Meanwhile, policies regarding innovations in planning methods are more frequently explored ahead of time,policies aiming toward strengthening the management support are more likely to be implemented outside the normal routine, and policies for improving the efficiency of plan making and approval are generally carried out at depth and in detail. Core policies tend to be implemented more often, although more coordination between policies are called for. According to the implementation rate and response situation,cities in different regions can be divided into several categories, including leading explorers, active reformers, selective followers, ill-fitter for the environment, and lagging observers. Provincial policies also have different effects on cities in the different categories. In the process of regulatory planning reform, it is necessary to take different approaches according to local conditions, and therefore it is exigent to speed up the evaluation of planning implementation at the provincial level and establish a dynamic policy mechanism.
In light of the development of planning discipline globally and the need for its transformation in China, incorporating a sociological perspective into urbanrural planning is imperative. Based on this understanding, this paper reflects on the important roles of humanities and social sciences on the transformation of the urbanrural planning discipline by systematically examining and analyzing theories,methods, and practices both in and outside China. It focuses on the multi-level mutual influences between urban-rural planning and sociology. The research finds that sociology helps enrich the metaphysical and theoretical foundations of urbanrural planning as well as its technical and methodological systems. On the other hand, urban-rural planning contributes to the understanding of sociological phenomena through spatial analysis of social issues and providing spatial solutions to social problems. Key issues of urban-rural planning in the sociological perspective include the construction of community living spaces, urban-rural planning as a public policy, urban-rural planning as a social process, social planning, and so on.This influence not only expands the knowlodge and practice in urban-rural planning to the social realm, but also reflects the new "people-centered" orientation of the discipline.
Understanding the laws of socioeconomic development and spatial supply and demand is one of the important tasks in the construction of localized theoretical framework for urban planning in China. From the perspective of urban planning,this paper probes into the interactive relationship between spatial factors and socioeconomic development. Drawing on the existing scholarship, the paper summarizes the "4+1" attributes of space, which can be used to explain the causal relationship between two parameters, namely spatial demand for socioeconomic development and spatial supply in a competitive cooperation framework. Based on this understanding, a theoretical framework of spatial supply and demand for urban socioeconomic development is proposed and explained. The significance of this research is discussed, including its role in guiding future planning research and plan making, as well as its reinforcement for "spatial orientation" as the core of urban planning theories.
城乡现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分,纵观百年规划史,西方规划理论导入之后,我们自己的脉络是吸纳,是转型,还是断裂?如何在现代化进程中保留和传承中华文明的精髓?如何通过中国式的现代化引导中国的城乡发展?中国的城乡现代化应当放到世界的语境中讨论,既要基于全球现代化的共性规律,又要基于中国城乡的现代化进程特征.
党的二十大报告第一次把中国式现代化概括为5个特征,即人口规模巨大的现代化、全体人民共同富裕的现代化、物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化、走和平发展道路的现代化.研究这些特征,有助于思考城乡发展与治理中一些有争议的问题,把握未来几十年中国城乡发展的大方向.在中国第二个百年的全面建设社会主义现代化国家进程中,中国城乡发展需要紧紧扣住这5个特征,用中国式现代化引导中国式城市化或中国式城乡现代化,用中国式城市化或中国式城乡现代化实现中国式现代化.
The paper looks into the difficulties in value-added revenue distribution in the renewal of stock industrial land in Beijing and proposes corresponding solutions and mechanisms. It reflects on the existing models in China, analyzes the constraints of comprehensive planning, and compares the mechanisms behind three policies and regulations concerning the renewal of stock industrial land in Beijing in recent years after the approval of the comprehensive plans. By investigating the relationship between the three policies and the master plan, the adaptability of the policies to urban renewal practices, and the intensity and precision of the control measures, this paper analyzes the evolution, characteristics, and functions of the value-added revenue distribution mechanism in the renewal of the stock industrial land, while touching on the core challenges of high transaction cost, land quantity constraints,and the implementability of public welfare contributions. In addition, the paper also points out the key direction of optimizing the current mechanism design, and provides a replicable strategy for designing value-added revenue distribution mechanism for industrial land renewal under the condition of scale reduction.
Urban regeneration practices in China respond to the needs of the various stages of national development and reflect the grand vision of China’s urban-rural modernization. The development trajectory demonstrates the dynamic interweaving of the theory, policy, and practice, the coexistence of pioneering explorations and critical reflections, and the negotiation between local needs and national goals. With the transformation of urban development mode, China’s urban regeneration has seen a significant policy and market shift. Micro-regenerations aiming at maintaining and improving the built environment have become the transformative path of the contemporary practice. Exemplary "micro" path finding continues to emerge; however, entrenched obstacles remain and persist. The transformation of urban regeneration needs to be scientifically guided by the systemic logic of "goal—subject—process". It should see the strengthening of its primary goal of maintaining the built environment, the empowerment of local communities in self-led regeneration, and the explorations from good design to good governance. The planning discipline should meet the challenge of the new era, focus on optimizing the technology and theory of microregeneration, and promote the innovative practices.
Based on the case of Liushi Township in Yueqing, Wenzhou, the paper explores the inherent logic between socioeconomic development and township spatial features. As a prototype of bottom-up rural industrialization, Wenzhou model is characterized by numerous small private businesses, extensive villagers’ participation in value-chain creation, and market-driven integration between sales and production.Village land shareholding cooperatives have been developing village industrial zones to accommodate home-based family businesses. After 40 years’ development, Liushi has achieved spatial agglomeration where informal finance based on social trust among villagers provides critical capital to the businesses and industrial zone development. Rurality is still in place, and the bottom-up path-dependent development has created a highly industrialized but not urbanized town. Social capital has contributed to both inclusive rural industrialization and exclusionary development. To achieve sustainable development, Wenzhou needs to further open up to the participation of outsiders.
按照系统观审视新型城镇化布局,不仅是我国城镇化高质量发展阶段的需要,也是科学学理认识新型城镇化布局规律的需要,符合党的二十大报告精神.有三个方面的新型城镇化布局问题,在实现中国式现代化具有重要的意义:一是在国土空间体系中讨论新型城镇化布局的问题,二是重大生产力布局与新型城镇化布局的相互作用关系问题,三是从城、乡两个地域功能体系的视角讨论相互协调问题.
As central and local policies increasingly emphasize urban renewal, urban renewal actions will become a focus of future urban development. Therefore,establishing a systematic framework for urban renewal has become an urgent task.This paper first clarifies the key concepts, analyzes the connotation of urban renewal actions, and forms a cognitive understanding of urban renewal actions. It summarizes the logic of urban renewal actions from the basic logic of action, the logic of action planning, and the logic of urban renewal. On this basis, a systemic framework of urban renewal actions is proposed, which includes five parts: action objectives,governance structure, supporting policies, implementation mechanism, and planning guidance.
