[Objective]The objective is to evaluate the effect of geoscience popularization education in Daweishan National Geopark.[Method]A systematic study was conducted using analytic hierarchy process,questionnaire survey,and statistical analysis method.[Result]The overall quantitative score of Daweishan National Geopark's geoscience popularization education evaluation index system was 75.760 9,which was moderate to high.Its geological popular science work and construction had generally reached a moderate to high level,with two indexes—geological inquiry learning routes and popular science sig-nage—having a high score,the index of popular science activities having a moderate score,and the three indicators of geological museums,popular science commodities and popular science objects having lower scores.[Conclusion]The evaluation system,which consists of six primary evaluation indicators including the geological museum,geological inquiry learning routes,popular science signage,popular science com-modities,popular science activities,and popular science objects,and twenty secondary evaluation indi-cators,is scientific and practical.Popular science signage and routes in Daweishan National Geopark re-ceived the highest marks for the perceived effectiveness of geoscience popularization education,which is a worthy item for innovation and promotion.However,the geological museum scored the lowest in visitor perception;therefore,the construction of the geological museum should be given high priority.
[Objective]It is to explore the effects of different ratios of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,and biological bacterial fertilizers on the growth and physiological characteristics of Pinus ko-raiensis grafted with Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.[Method]16-year-old P.koraiensis grafted with P.sylvestris var.mongolica was selected as the experimental material,and nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,and biological bacterial fertilizer were applied in combination,with no fertilization as the control group.The effect of fertilization on the growth and physiological characteristics of P.koraiensis grafted with P.sylvestris var.mongolica was explored.[Result]The combination of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,and biological bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll(P<0.05).Treatment 9(urea 300 g/plant,superphosphate 200 g/plant,and biological bacterial fertilizer 150 g/plant)showed the highest increase in tree height,which was 47.90%higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).The total chlorophyll content was 94.37%higher than that of the control group;The starch content was 29.03 times that of the control group(P<0.01).The soluble protein content increased by 1 113.83%compared with the control group(P<0.01).The content of malondialdehyde was the lowest(P<0.05);The peroxidase activity was the strongest,110.86%higher than that of the control group,with better stress resistance(P<0.05).[Con-clusion]Treatment 9 has the highest growth of tree height,chlorophyll a,total chlorophyll content,starch,soluble protein content,and peroxidase activity.The optimal fertilization of 16-year-old P.sylves-tris var mongolica is 300 g urea ∶ 200 g superphosphate ∶ 150 g biological bacterial fertilizer per plant.
[Objective]It is to explore the precise remediation technology of adding alkaline materials to acidic paddy soil.[Method]Based on the use of three alkaline acid regulating materials(quicklime,limestone powder,and oyster shell powder)to regulate the experimental soil to two different target pH values,the cadmium availability,soil physicochemical properties,rice yield,and rice cadmium content of the experimental soil were measured.[Result]The application of three alkaline materials at different target pH values significantly reduced the available cadmium content in the soil compared to the control group.When the target pH was 6.5,the reduction rates ranged from 31.52%to 45.68%,and when the target pH was 7.0,the reduction rates were more significant,ranging from 48.89%to 50.45%.The ap-plication of three alkaline materials had the effect of improving soil physicochemical properties and main-taining soil nutrients.The cadmium content in rice significantly decreased(P<0.05),with a maximum decrease of 60.13%when applying limestone powder to adjust the soil pH to 7.0.The implementation of alkaline materials resulted in a small reduction in rice yield.[Conclusion]It is suggested that applying limestone powder with a pH value of 7.0 as the target to achieve the best comprehensive restoration effect according to the risk control of Cd pollution in acidic paddy soil in the experimental area.
Since 2013,the Gaofen program has been continuously developing,and high-resolution images have been widely used in the field of forestry such as forest parameter extraction,forest resource investigation,and forest resource monitoring.The paper reviewed research progress in such fields as forest parameters,forest resource investigation and forest disaster monitoring,and summarized those quantitative methods employed in above mentioned fields based on Gaofen-series imagery alone or accom-panied by other satellite imagery and field survey data.It emphasized on application characteristics of 6 most popular quantitative methods,such as MLR(Multiple Linear Regression),RF(Random Forest),SVM(Support Vector Machine),BP-ANN(Back Propagation Artificial Neural Networks),DPM(Di-midiate Pixel Modeling)and OOC(Object-Oriented Classification).
[Objective]The study aimed to systematically investigate the status and distribution char-acteristics of old tree resources in Yingshan County of Hubei Province,and to provide a reference for the protection and management of old trees.[Method]Based on basic survey data of the old tree resources,an old tree DEM distribution network was established by ArcGIS.The spatial distribution of old trees was analyzed by point pattern analysis.The influence of environmental factors on the growth of old trees was studied by Spearman and canonical correlation analyses.[Result]There were currently 1 097 old trees surveyed in Yingshan County,belonging to 22 families,36 genera and 50 species.There were two spe-cies of plant under national first-level protection and two species under national second-level protection.Third-level old trees accounted for 93.53%of all old trees in the county,while the number of first level-and second-level old trees was very small.Based on DEM grid and projected coordinate grid,areas with higher altitude had fewer human settlements and more old trees with better growth;areas with lower alti-tude had fewer old trees with poorer growth;when the scale was>11 km,the distribution of old trees gradually changed from aggregation to random distribution,and when the scale was≥14 km,it became uniform distribution.The growth of old trees was mainly affected by slope aspect,while slope gradient had a weaker effect on the growth of old trees.[Conclusion]There are variations in the impact of forest environment and human activities on old trees.Therefore,specific professional conservation plans should be developed based on the distribution characteristics of ancient trees.
[Objective]The changes of cadmium content,soil available cadmium,phosphorus form and enzyme activity in various parts of rapeseed under phosphorus application conditions were investiga-ted.[Method]A pot-culture experiment was carried out to study the effect of different phosphorus(P)ad-dition on cadmium uptake of rapes,soil phosphorus and cadmium conversion and soil enzyme activity.In the experiment,P concentrations were 5.0,75.0,150.0 mg/kg that was made using KH2PO4,and Cd concentrations were 0.3,3.0,5.0 mg/kg.[Result]The results were as follows:Exogenous phosphorus increased biomass and cadmium accumulation of rape.When the cadmium content in the soil is 3.0 and 5.0 mg,adding 150.0 mg phosphorus to soil,the highest biomass of rapeseed plants is 2.68 and 2.03 g,respectively;the highest accumulation of cadmium was 164.00 and 165.62 μg/pot,respectively.For soil pH,available cadmium content,and phosphorus form content,when the cadmium content in the soil was 3.0 and 5.0 mg,and the phosphorus application amount increased from 5.0 to 150.0 mg,the soil pH decreased by 0.11 and 0.06 units,respectively;the content of soil mineral phosphorus(Ligand-P)de-creased by 10.2％and 10.3％,respectively.The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus(Bioavailable-P)increased by 48.7％and 35.9％,respectively.The soil available cadmium content(DTPA-Cd)decreased by 7.5％and 15.2％,respectively.This indicates that the increase in phosphorus addition reduces soil pH,promotes the release of soil mineral phosphorus,increases the content of soil Bioavailable-P,and re-duces the content of DTPA-Cd.In addition,the enzyme activities of NAG,UE increased with the addition of phosphorus supplemental level,while the activities of ACP,ALP decreased.The results showed that ex-ogenous phosphorus effectively alleviated the demand for phosphorus in the rapes rhizosphere and indirectly promoted the nitrogen cycle.[Conclusion]In conclusion,exogenous phosphorus application can optimize the rhizosphere environment of rapeseed by increasing the content of active phosphorus in soil,reducing the content of available cadmium in soil and promoting the soil nitrogen cycle,thus promoting the growth of rapes and thus increasing the accumulation of cadmium in rapes.
In order to comprehensively and deeply understand the research progress of urban green space evaluation,this paper uses valid sample literature retrieved from the core database of China Nation-al Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science as data sources.CiteSpace software was used to make a visual analysis of the number of published papers,authors,cooperation between institutions and research hotspots in the field of urban green space evaluation.The results show that:①The overall num-ber of published papers at home and abroad showed an increasing trend,and the number of published pa-pers at international level increased significantly after 2013,and China was the main force.②The coop-eration relationship between domestic and foreign teams is more stable,the cooperation is mostly within the team,the communication between different countries is not enough.③Most domestic and foreign in-stitutions cooperate internally,but less among different institutions.④The current research on urban green space evaluation at home and abroad mainly focuses on the evaluation index system,urban green space quality evaluation,and the impact of urban green space on health and well-being.In the future,China's research of urban green space evaluation should focus on the following issues:To strengthen col-laboration among scholars,disciplines,research institutions and with other countries;The importance of aesthetic quality of green space is emphasized by selecting indexes from the perspective of residents'needs;Pay attention to more micro level research on health and well-being to improve residents'satisfac-tion and happiness;Focus on sustainable development of urban green space.
[Objective]Economic development and urbanization have led to changes in the structure and function of production,living,and ecological space(called"three spaces"),thereby causing chan-ges in the quality of regional ecological environment.Studying the spatiotemporal changes and ecological environmental effects of the"three spaces"can provide reference for scientific management of land use in the"three spaces".[Method]The land use data of five periods in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020 were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and characteristics of the"production-life-ecology"spatial land use function transformation in Hunan Province by using the transfer matrix and the shift of gravity,and the ecological environmental quality index evaluation model was used to comprehensively measure the regional ecological environmental quality.Combined with the ecological contribution rate of land use transformation,the ecological and environmental effects of the change of the"three spaces"in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed.[Result](1)From 2000 to 2020,the agricultural production space,forest ecological space and grassland ecological space in Hunan Province showed a decreasing trend,mainly in the conversion of production space and ecological space.(2)In the production space,the shift distance of the center of gravity in industrial and mining production space was the largest(32 853.9 m),and the smallest shift distance were agricultural production space(587.53 m)and forest ecological space(523.01 m).(3)During the study period,the eco-environmental quality index decreased first and then increased,with an overall decrease of about 6.7%.In space,it showed the distribution pattern of"high in the west and low in the north,gradually increasing from north to south".[Conclusion]The quantity and spatial change of the"three spaces"have affected the ecological environmental quality in Hunan Province.The conversion of forest land ecological space into agricultural,industrial and mining production space and urban living space are the main factor of the decline of ecolog-ical environmental quality in the prior period,and the conversion of agricultural production land into for-est land and other ecological land is the main reason of the improvement of ecological environmental qual-ity in the later period.
[Objective]In order to study the spatial distribution features of sediment nutrients and an-alyze the pollution organics in Heihe River Basin.[Method]The Multivariable linear regression model and Redundancy analysis method were used to quantitatively analyze the explanatory degree of nutrients and the explanatory ability of variation of land use types at different buffer scales.[Result]The average contents of TP,TN,NO3-N,NH3-N and TOC in sediments of Heihe River Basin were 224.83,245.32,55.76,30.25 and 8.42 mg/kg.It showed that the contents of TN and TP were higher in the natural reaches of the middle reaches,but lower in the natural reaches of the upper reaches.Land use types at all scales are closely related to sediment nutrient content.[Conclusion]This study clarifies the building land and shrub land are the main sources of TOC and NO3-N in sediments of the Heihe River Basin,which can provide reference for the ecological environment protection and management of Heihe River Basin.
Bacillus are widely distributed in nature,many of which are important components of plant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria.Due to its functions of promoting plant growth,enhancing plant disease resistance,and improving soil quality,it is currently a hot research direction.This article focuses on summarizing the mechanism of promoting plant growth by Bacillus and the ability of commonly used Bacillus to promote plant growth,and looks forward to the future application and development prospects of Bacillus.
[Objective]Studying crop water demand and water deficit in the midwest of Jilin Province provides theoretical basis for guiding scientific and rational irrigation in local agriculture.[Method]This study used daily measured meteorological data from representative stations in the midwest of Jilin Province from 1980 to 2019 to calculate the growth season and monthly precipitation of corn.The Penman Monteith formula recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)was used to calculate the monthly water demand of corn,and then the corresponding water deficit during the corresponding period was calculated,and its spatial-temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed.[Result](1)The overall precipitation during the corn growing season showed a spatial distribution char-acteristic of low in the west and high in the middle.Except for Baicheng City,showing a downward trend,all other areas showed an increasing trend.The spatial distribution of monthly precipitation was similar to the entire growth season.The precipitation in July was the highest but showed a decreasing trend.(2)The spatial distribution of water demand during the corn growing season was opposite to pre-cipitation,with a higher demand in the west and a lower demand in the middle.The water demand in July was the highest and showed an increasing trend.(3)There was a significant spatial-temporal differ-ence in water deficit during the corn growth season.Overall,the western region had a larger deficit,while the central region had a relatively smaller deficit,with the highest water deficit in July and August.[Conclusion]The probability of water deficit occurring in various months in the western region is relatively high,and timely artificial irrigation is necessary to ensure high and stable yields.
[Objective]It is to study the antifibrotic effect of dehydrocostus lactone(DHL)on hepatic fibrosis mice modeled with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).[Method]40 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group,model group,DHL low-dose group(5 mg/kg)and DHL high-dose group(20 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group.Under the intervention of CCl4 modeling and DHL,mice were killed at specific time points,and hepatosomatic ratio and liver function(ALT,AST)were detected.The histopathological changes and collagen fiber deposition of liver were observed.The levels of α-SMA and Collagen Ⅰ in liver tissue were detected.[Result]Compared with control group,hepatosomatic ratio,ALT and AST in CCl4 model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Com-pared with model group,the hepatosomatic ratio,ALT and AST in DHL low-dose group and DHL high-dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the differences of indexes in high-dose group were more significant than those in low-dose group(P<0.05).The pathological changes of liver tissue of mice in each dose group were significantly improved,and the expressions of α-SMA protein and Collagen Ⅰ protein in liver tissue decreased to varying degrees.[Conclusion]DHL can improve the liver function and fibrosis level of CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice.
[Objective]Elucidating the effects of tungsten on wheat seed germination and seedling growth would facilitate understanding tungsten's phytotoxic effect and provide reference for wheat produc-tion in tungsten contaminated regions.[Method]The seeds of wheat JC 6 and JM 22 were treated with dif-ferent tungsten concentrations(0,5,10,50,100,500,1 000 mg/L)for a short period(7 days).The germination rate,seedling height,root length and biomass of the seedlings were determined.[Result]The effects of tungsten on the germination potential of wheat seeds were different between the two varieties.The germination potential of JC 6 decreased significantly only at 1000 mg/L tungsten,and the germination potential decreased by 10%.There was no significant difference in germination potential among all experimental concentrations in JM 22.There were no significant differences in the germination rates among different tungsten treatments for JC 6 and JM 22 wheat seeds.However,tungsten had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of wheat seedlings,and when tungsten concentration was higher than 100 mg/L,the activity index and biomass decreased with the increase of tungsten concentration.Tungsten had obvious inhibitory effect on wheat root system and seedling height.When tungsten concen-tration was500 mg/L,the inhibitory rate of root length and seedling height was larger than 80%.The semi-inhibitory concentration of JC 6 was higher than that of JM 22,which were 182.1 mg/L and 139.9 mg/L,respectively.[Conclusion]Tungsten had no significant effect on wheat seed germination,and when the concentration of tungsten was larger than 100 mg/L,the growth of wheat seedlings was in-hibited.Compared with other heavy metals,tungsten shows low toxicity to wheat,but there is also a dose effect.This provides a theoretical basis for the toxic effect and dose-dependent relationship of tungsten on wheat,and also offers technical references for wheat production in tungsten-contaminated areas.
[Objective]It is to screen suitable varieties of Hemerocallis for cultivation in Hengyang ar-ea,and provide scientific basis for adding materials for landscape application in Hengyang area.[Meth-od]By observing and recording the ornamental and ecological adaptability evaluation indicators of 14 in-troduced Hemerocallis varieties,the grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the adaptability and ornamental characteristics of each major Hemerocallis variety.[Result]From the perspective of ornamental value,the correlation between X7,X3,X11,X1,X2,X9,X14 and the ideal variety is relatively high,all of which are greater than or equal to 0.70.From the per-spective of adaptability,the correlation between X7,X9,X3,X12,X13,X14,X11,X2,X6 and ideal varieties is relatively high,all of which are above 0.80.[Conclusion]Based on comprehensive analysis,the ornamental value and adaptability of materials X7,X3,X11,X9,and X14 from Hemerocallis hybr-ida are relatively high,making them suitable for promotion and application in the landscape of Hengy-ang area.
[Objective]In order to better protect Turdus merula maximus,its habitat in Lhasa urban section was investigated.[Method]The data obtained from the survey were subjected to principal compo-nent analysis,and the model was screened based on the AIC criterion,and then the optimal model was tested by a multiple linear regression to ascertain the habitat selection model of T.merula maximus.[Re-sult]T.merula maximus's habitat preference was predicted by the following regression equation:total= 0.372+0.912∗poplar+1.086∗willow+1.067∗grassland(P<0.001,R2 =0.977).[Conclusion]T.merula maximus's primary habitat in Lhasa is grassland,which serves as a source of food,shelter,and other needs.
化学修饰电极测定法是黄酮类化合物快速检测的有效方法,而电极修饰材料是影响检测灵敏度和准确度的关键.为构建更灵敏高效的电极体系,本文介绍了化学修饰电极检测黄酮类化合物的方法和原理,对近年来不同材料修饰电极在黄酮类化合物检测中的应用进行了综述.展望了化学修饰电极在黄酮类等天然药物分子快速检测中的发展方向和电极材料的发展趋势.
[目的]比较湖南省山地丘陵地区种植的不同雪茄烟品种的发酵后品质特征.[方法]以10个雪茄烟品种为材料,于湖南省张家界市进行种植,比较分析各品种外观质量、物理特性、常规化学成分、中性致香物质、感官质量评价等品质指标.[结果]参试各品种成熟度、身份、叶片结构得分均在8.0以上,CX081残伤得分最低,为7.1;ND-2和云雪1号物理特性综合得分最高,CX081因叶片较小、拉力与单叶重较小而得分最低;常规化学成分以ND-1和古巴7号排名靠前,但古巴7号氯含量稍高;印尼1号的棕色化反应产物、西柏烷类降解产物和类胡萝卜素类降解产物含量最高,苯丙氨酸类降解产物以ND-1最多,哈伯纳斯的叶绿素降解产物含量最高;从香气物质总量来看,哈伯纳斯和印尼1号总量最高,ND-1总量最少;参试品种整体燃烧性与灰色均较好,尤以ND-2灰色得分最高,哈伯纳斯和云雪1号燃烧性最好;感官质量评价以云雪2号表现最优,哈伯纳斯次之,印尼1号总分最低.[结论]综合各项品质指标,云雪2号可作为茄衣种植,ND-1可作为茄芯种植,哈伯纳斯可作为茄衣或茄芯,作为茄衣栽培时应适当改变栽培措施;古巴7号、云雪1号及ND-2整体质量中等,为备选品种;CX系列和印尼1号整体质量较低.
[目的]景观健康的演变是自然因素和社会经济因素相互作用的结果,城镇化过程中暴露的各种社会经济和生态问题在一定程度上可以反映在当前的景观健康状况中,诊断研究区域的景观健康能识别空间环境问题,有效进行科学的空间管控.[方法]结合生态系统健康和景观生态学理论,以"压力—状态—响应(PSR)"模型和"活力—组织—恢复—功能"结构框架为基础构建了岳阳市景观健康评价指标体系;集成层次分析法(AHP)与熵权法(EWM)明确指标权重值;利用ArcGIS叠加分析、景观健康等级转移矩阵等,明晰岳阳市景观健康时空演变规律及空间异质性特征.[结果]2000—2020年岳阳市的景观健康呈上升趋势,景观健康等级以Ⅲ级为主,景观健康指数均值由0.46上升至0.48;景观健康等级提高区域占研究区总面积的34.14％,无变化的区域为51.05％,景观健康趋差的面积为14.81％,岳阳市景观健康以稳定型为主,改善型面积远大于退化型面积.不同土地利用景观健康变化主要集中在林地、耕地、水域、建设用地,景观健康退化面积占比为耕地>水域>林地>草地>建设用地.[结论]不同地类的景观健康等级变化有差异,未来岳阳市的国土空间规划应多关注耕地、水域、林地的景观健康状况.
[目的]研究伞房决明在赤泥污染地等强碱性土地上的应用.[方法]以一年生伞房决明实生苗为试验材料,在325 mmol/L NaOH强碱胁迫下,叶面喷施不同浓度褪黑素(MT)溶液0(T0)、50(T1)、100(T2)、200(T3)、400(T4)、500(T5)μmol/L,测定叶片中的叶绿素(CHl)含量及荧光参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量、相对含水量等参数,并通过主成分分析和相关性分析进行综合评价.[结果]NaOH胁迫60 d后,除了最小初始荧光(F0)和MDA含量持续上升,可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、Chl含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、PSⅡ最大光能转换率(Fv/Fm)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)和相对含水量(RWC)显著下降,伞房决明植株正常生长受到严重影响;施加MT后Chl、SOD、SS、SP含量显著增加,Fv/Fm、ETR值明显提高,同时F0和MDA含量显著降低.对各项指标综合分析表明,伞房决明Fv/Fm、ETR、SP含量及MDA含量之间的相关性较强,通过主成分综合得分排序,MT对伞房决明碱胁迫缓解能力排序为T3>T4>T2>T5>T1>T0.[结论]MT可以提高伞房决明的抗逆性,缓解NaOH胁迫对伞房决明的毒害.
[目的]研究铁锰材料对重度砷污染土壤稳定化效果.[方法]选择三个重度砷污染土壤(T1、T2、T3),添加铁锰材料,进行30 d的土壤培养试验,研究铁锰材料对土壤的浸出浓度、pH以及土壤砷赋存形态的影响.[结果]添加铁锰材料,供试土壤As浸出浓度下降,稳定化效率逐渐提高,T1、T2、T3稳定化效率均在50％以上,最高可达91.81％.其中T11.5％以上处理和T22.5％以上处理的土壤As浸出浓度低于1.2 mg/L的控制限值,而T3所有处理的As浸出浓度均高出1.2 mg/L的控制限值.添加铁锰材料,供试土壤pH随试验进行先下降而后趋于稳定,均下降了0.5以上,平均降幅为32.25％、13.70％和11.56％.添加铁锰材料,土壤As的形态呈现F1(非专性吸附态砷)与F2(专性吸附态砷)含量下降,而F3(无定形铁铝氧化物结合态砷)的含量上升趋势.[结论]重度砷污染土壤添加铁锰材料,可以降低土壤pH,降低土壤砷的浸出浓度以及将土壤砷的专性吸附态与非专性吸附态转化为无定形铁铝氧化物结合态.
