This research aimed to characterize the MC1R gene polymorphism of Chinese black-plumage chicken breeds.Seven black plumage chicken breeds(Langshan,Shouguang,Dongxiang Blue-eggshell,Yanjin Black-bone,Yugan Black-bone,Hongguang black,and Xinyang black)were collected,the sequence of the MC1R gene was PCR amplified,sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics.The complete CDS of the MC1R gene of seven breeds were all 945 by in length encoding a predicted polypeptide of 315 amino acids.A total of 10 poly-morphic sites were found in 210 sequences of seven chicken breeds,including 9 polymorphic loci in the coding region,of which seven were non-synonymous mutations that cause amino acid changes.The 14 haplotypes were observed based on 10 polymorphic sites.Dongxiang Blue-eggshell and Shouguang had two haplotypes,the other breeds all had two more haplotypes.The phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups,Group Ⅰ consisted of Xinyang black chicken,and the other six black plumage chicken breeds were distributed in Group Ⅱ.Our data suggested abundant genetic polymorphism in the chicken MC1R gene,which could be regarded as markers for the Chinese native breed and foreign blood breed of chicken.Therefore,this work will provide the theoretical basis for further evaluation studies,preservation,and utilization of Chinese black-plumage chicken breeds.
To explore the relationship between morphological phenotypes,internal organ size and immune function and specific life history phases before and after metamorphosis in rice frogs,Fejervarya multistriata,tadpoles at different developmental stages from Gosner 37-stage to Gosner 46-stage were sampled,and the varia-tions of body size,internal organ index and the responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin(PHA-P)for multiple key life history phases were measured,respectively.The results were as follows:(1)The body mass,body width,tail length,and total body length was gradually increased from Gosner stage 37 to 40-41 tadpoles,and then declined with a minimum at Gosner stage 46 froglets(P＜0.05).The snout to vent length showed the highest value at Gosner stage 42-43 tadpoles,which was significantly higher than that of Gosner stage 37 tadpoles and Gosner stage 46 froglets(P＜0.05).(2)The wet mass index of livers,fat bodies and kidneys peaked at Gosner stage 44-45 tadpoles,all showed the minimum value at Gosner stage 38-39 tadpoles(P＜0.05);The wet mass index of gill or lungs peaked at Gosner stage 37 tadpoles,which was significantly higher than that of any other developmental stage(P＜0.05);The length index of digestive tract was greatly higher at Gosner stage 37,38-39 and 40-41 tad-poles than that of Gosner stage 42-43 and 44-45 tadpoles and Gosner stage 46 froglets(P＜0.05).No significant developmental stage differences were found for the wet mass index of heart and spleen(P＞0.05).(3)The maxi-mal value for the PHA-P response of Gosner stage 37,38-39 and 42-43 tadpoles appeared 2 h,3 h,and 4 h after injection,respectively,and 4 h after injection for any other developmental stage,which was significantly higher at Gosner stage 42-43 tadpoles than that of Gosner stage 38-39 tadpoles and Gosner stage 46 froglets(P＜0.05).From aquatic to terrestrial environments,the variations of morphological phenotype occur prior to dramatic estab-lishments and reconstruction of internal organ sizes in Fejervarya multistriata,delayed and decreased immune function may impact on their successful landing as a cost.
To explore the community characteristics and diversity of Pinus thunbergii community,scientifi-cally manage P.thunbergii shelterbelt and protect the diversity of P.thunbergii community,we investigated the species composition,flora,and community type of the P.thunbergii community with the quadrat method in eight affiliated islands of Pingtan from 2018 to 2020,and analyzed the relationship between the diversity indexes and environmental factors by redundancy analysis.The results showed that:(1)There were 138 species of vascular plants belonging to 117 genera and 54 families in the study area,with few gymnosperms and ferns in total.(2)Phanerophytes(68 species)and therophytes(30 species)were high in the life form.In terms of growth form,there were 8 species of arbors,39 species of shrubs,76 species of herbs,and 15 species of vines,with more species of herbs and shrubs than arbors.(3)Both families and genera had the characteristics of tropical traits but lack Chi-nese endemic distribution.(4)Group average clustering method was used to divide the vegetation in the research area,which consisted of three formation types and nine association types.(5)In the comparison of the overall di-versity of the community,Pinus thunbergii+Acacia confusa plant formation was higher than the Pinus thunbergii+Eurya emarginata plant formation and Pinus thunbergii plant formation.The diversity indexes in the herb layer and shrub layer of each plant community were all higher than that in the tree layer.(6)The redundancy analysis showed that the soil total phosphorus,soil total potassium and slope aspect had significant effects on the diversity of P.thunbergii communities,with a total explanation of 42.3％.In conclusion,when building an island plant community dominated by P.thunbergii,it is necessary to pay attention to the use of mixed and phosphate fertiliz-ers and to allocate reasonably according to the regional microclimate conditions.
In order to breed Pinus elliottii families with excellent growth traits,based on the UAV mul-ti-spectral technology,the genetic variation analysis of the growth traits of different Pinus elliottii families was carried out.Taking 8-year-old P.elliottii forests of 20 half-sib families as the research objects,the tree height and canopy area of 11 months(except for February)in 2021 were quickly extracted by drone multi-spectroscopy,and DBH prediction model was built based on the actual measurement DBH data;the heritability and breeding values of the tree height,crown area and diameter at the breast height were estimated for each lineage of P.elliottii in different months.The results showed that:there was a strong correlation between the predicted DBH value of the established deep learning model based on the canopy area and tree height and the measured DBH true values,where R2 was 0.70 and RMSE was 1.83 cm;the heritability of the three growth traits of P.elliottii was between 0.00 and 0.40;a good genetic gain was obtained when the pedigree was selected with a 10％selection rate,and the genetic gain of the three growth traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.79(the genetic gain of crown area in November was 0.00).According to the breeding values of the crown area and tree height,family selection should be carried out.Finally,families of 1,6,8,9,10,16,18 and 20 should be considered as candidate families.The deep learning model based on the crown area and tree height of P.elliottii could be applied to predict the DBH of slash pine.Three growth traits of slash pine were controlled by moderate heritability.A good genetic gain was obtained with 10％selection intensity.Eight families were selected for simultaneous genetic improvement of the crown area and tree height.The research results can provide a reference for the breeding of pine families with excellent growth characters.
To fully grasp the basic conditions of soil nutrients and environmental quality of tea plantations in Xixiang County,23 soil samples were collected from the representative tea plantations,soil nutrients and 22 ele-ments contents were detected,and the nutrients and soil environmental quality in tea plantations of Xixiang County were evaluated according to the relevant soil environmental quality standards.The Kriging spatial interpolation method was used to analyze the distribution of soil elements of tea plantations.The results showed that:the mean value of pH,organic matter,and total nitrogen was 4.89(4.10-5.75),27.71(13.23-59.42)g·kg-1,1.39(0.74-2.02)g·kg-1,separately;the available nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and magnesium(Mg)were 62.85(18.70-212.99)mg·kg-1,46.39(0.81-163.00)mg·kg-1,115.18(50.53-365.00)mg·kg-1 and 404.96(94.41-870.52)mg·kg-1 in soil samples of tea plantations,respectively.Only 17％of soil samples in the main nutritional diagnostic indicators meet the nutrient requirements of high-quality,high-efficiency,and high-yield tea plantations.The mean value of the Nemerow multi-factor index was 0.67 for all the samples,which suggested that the overall soil environ-mental quality was at a safe level for Xixiang tea plantations.While,the niccolum(Ni),chromium(Cr),cuprum(Cu),and cadmium(Cd)contents in individual sample were slightly higher than the risk screening values.The spatial dis-tribution of 22 elements was extremely uneven in the tea plantations,and soil elements had different enrichment fea-tures in different areas of Xixiang County.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for nutrient man-agement,tea plantations construction,tea quality and safety improvement ofXixiang County.
