Objective: To investigate the causal relationship between risk factors and spontaneous pneumothorax using Mendelian randomization. Methods: Risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax were identified through searches of English and Chinese databases. Single nucleotide polymorphism information was extracted from the GWAS database, with risk factor as exposure and spontaneous pneumothorax as outcome, and five methods, namely, inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model and weighted model, were used to evaluate the causality between risk factors and spontaneous pneumothorax. Heterogeneity and leave-one-out tests were used for sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the causal relationship. Results: The search yielded 117 risk factors, and 50 risk factors for which genetic data were available were included. Height, COVID, lymphocytes, standing tall, snoring, exertion lung volume, squamous lung cancer, first second expiratory volume with exertion, and asthma were positively associated with SP, and hip circumference and exertion lung volume were negatively associated with SP. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diaphragmatic hernia may be associated with SP. Conclusion: This study identified significant causal relationship between lymphocyte count, standing tall, asthma and spontaneous pneumothorax from genetic point of view, and provided basis for its prevention and treatment.
目的:建立同时测定大鼠体内的甘草次酸和丹参酮含量的RP-HPLC方法,为甘草次酸和丹参酮复方制剂的体内药动学研究提供方法学基础.方法:采用Waters Symmetry C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-磷酸缓冲液(pH=3)(85∶15)为流动相进行等度洗脱;体积流速:1.0 mL/min;进样量:10 μL;柱温:30℃;检测波长:250 nm(甘草次酸)、270 nm(丹参酮).结果:甘草次酸和丹参酮的线性范围分别为0.312 5μg/mL～20μg/mL(线性回归方程为Y=0.430 7X-0.002 6,r2= 0.999 8);0.078 125 μg/mL～5 μg/mL(线性回归方程为Y=2.237 7X-0.022 2,r2= 0.999 6);甘草次酸和丹参酮在线性范围内线性良好.低、中、高三种浓度的提取回收率在 95.20-103.43%之间,RSD值均小于4.93%,提取回收率良好.该方法在保留时间内未见其他干扰峰,其专属性及精密度均良好.结论:该方法可用于同时测定体内甘草次酸和丹参酮的含量.
目的:评价杜仲叶颗粒对去除卵巢致骨质疏松大鼠的作用,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法:SD大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术进行骨质疏松模型构建.手术一周后,以雌二醇片和杜仲叶颗粒连续灌胃给药 12 周,然后取大鼠股骨进行骨密度检测;取血清测定 ALP活力和CTX-1 含量;HE染色观察骨组织形态和骨丢失情况;采用定量 PCR 法测定胫骨组织中 Wnt3a、β-catenin、DKK1 的 mRNA表达水平.结果:杜仲叶颗粒能显著升高骨密度,显著降低血清 ALP 和 CTX-1 含量,且能显著增加 Wnt3 a、β-catenin的 mRNA表达水平,降低 DKK1 的 mRNA 表达水平.结论:杜仲叶颗粒具有明显的抗骨质疏松作用,其机制可能是通过激活 wnt/β-catenin信号通路实现的.
母乳是新生儿最理想的食品,通过母乳喂养不仅可以促进母婴感情,而且有利于母婴健康.但在母乳喂养的过程中,由于产妇身体、心理、喂养知识、自我效能评价和社会支持等因素的影响,常常出现母乳喂养不好的情况,进而影响了母乳喂养率.临床护理工作中,可通过做好母乳喂养的护理,提高母乳喂养率,促进母婴健康.本文从母乳喂养的优点、母乳喂养的影响因素和提高产妇母乳喂养的护理措施等三方面,对新生儿母乳喂养护理进行了阐述,以供护理工作者借鉴并帮助其做好母乳喂养护理工作.
目的:探讨脑电图检查对预测热惊厥患儿后期癫痫发生的诊断价值及影响因素.方法:回顾性分析我院 2015 年1 月至 2022 年 1 月间诊治的 172 名热惊厥患儿,收集患者的临床资料,包括姓名、性别、年龄、既往癫痫史、热惊厥类型及次数等,分析脑电图异常组中脑电图异常率以及后期出现癫痫事件的发生率.结果:共纳入的 172 例临床热惊厥患儿中,脑电图正常组 112 例,脑电图异常组 60 例,男性占 60%,女性占 40%;单纯性惊厥占 83.7%,复杂性惊厥占 16.3%.脑电图慢波异常组的发生率(40%)分别高于各局灶组单独的发生率(颞叶 26.7%,顶叶 3.3%,中央颞部 10.0%,额叶20.0%).共有 30 例患儿出现癫痫,全部来自于脑电图异常组,颞叶区、顶叶区、中央颞部区、额叶区及弥漫性区脑电图患儿的癫痫发生率分别为 75.0%、0%、33.3%、75.0%、25.0%.颞叶区和额叶区脑电图异常患儿的后期癫痫发生率显著高于弥漫型异常患儿.结论:脑电图检查可以用来预测和诊断热惊厥患儿后期发生癫痫,为小儿热惊厥发生癫痫的诊断和评估提供重要的参考依据.
