This article addresses the demarcation of indigenous lands in Venezuela with two purposes. The first is to narrate and reconstruct the demarcation process of the lands of the e'nyepa people, based on the author's data during his participatory observation, as well as previous projects and the general context. The second objective is to analyze this case as a subject of study, exploring its theoretical, epistemological, and cosmopolitical dimensions, and to discuss the political consequences of the demarcation, the challenges of cartography, and the significance of the identification of the collective.
Migration is a key phenomenon in the Mexican reality, with Mexico serving as a country of origin, transit, and destination. In the past decade, the migration of unaccompanied minors (UAM) has increased, especially since 2014. This article analyzes the living conditions of UAM in shelters in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, addressing the risks they face and the institutional responses, primarily from the DIF. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring the best interests of the child and non-discrimination in the migration context.
This paper proposes a conceptual theoretical model, developed through a literature review to describe the possible factors, processes, and mechanisms that explain the structure and dynamics of the oral cavity microbiome in humans according to the hypotheses and theories of community ecology, in apre-Hispanic context through three case studies.
This article is presented as a descriptive review regarding the concept and evolution of graffiti in the history of mankind as a way of understanding its use over time and in different parts of the world, but above all it refers to graffiti located in the buildings of the Historic Center of the city of Valencia, which allow reconstructing the history of Venezuela, from the political, economic and social point of view; Such is the case of the House that General Jose Antonio Paez inhabited and the Casa de la Estrella Museum that was the seat of the first charity hospital in the city and headquarters of the Venezuelan Congress in 1812 and the Constituent Assembly of 1830, which it brought together to separate Venezuela from the Republic of Colombia.
This article revisits the historical episode known as the "Blood Beach Revolt," which took place in 1790 in the Rio Branco Valley, Roraima, Brazil, from a decolonial perspective. It examines the resistance of Indigenous peoples to Portuguese colonization and the dynamics of repression, sovereignty, and territoriality that defined the occupation of the Amazon. The analysis proposes a critical rereading of traditional historiography, integrating Indigenous voices and decolonial approaches.
Snakes are very important animals in various worldviews, from the Ancient world to the present day. They are animals that appear very frequently in pre-Columbian iconography, as well as in ethnographic accounts, from the north to the south of the American continent. This article seeks to review this theme from the perspective of New Materialisms in Archaeology, in which the agency of the snake is sometimes revealed to be more important than the human agency. In this way, a less anthropocentric view of cosmologies in which the snake played a crucial role, sometimes in creation myths, sometimes in the production of material culture, is sought
This work aims to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics that have enabled medicinal plants to endure over time, within the cultural practices and daily life of M & eacute;rida's population. For this purpose, aspects of both, the present and the past are analyzed. Here, we examine some of the ways in which relationships between plants, people, space and time are manifested through a spatial journey across different historical periods. It explores how this plants, have been appropriated by citizens, eventually becoming symbolic and material elements of urban identity.
The apparent absence of women in activities related to nautical activity throughout history does not correspond to the leading role played by them in some American spaces as complex as the icy waters of Tierra del Fuego. In summary, this article presents an analysis of the female contribution in its practical, symbolic and didactic aspects, as an essential part of the configuration of the southernmost maritime culture on the planet, which represents the opening of new spaces for reflection and new research avenues that expand the panorama of indigenous women in their historical relationship with the aquatic environment
A study of 47 colonial (17th-19th centuries) mandibular lateral incisors in Mucuchies, Venezuela, revealed 34.04% with second root canals (Vertucci type III). This frequency, similar to Mediterranean/Middle Eastern populations (26.5-39%) and higher than Indigenous populations (11.6-16.75%), suggests Arab genetic influence in Iberian migrants via the Islamic peninsular occupation (711-1492 AD). Dental morphology helps reconstruct migrations and admixture.
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the location of the places of the dead changed in the Spanish Empire, going from being inside churches to being outside town settlements. This research presents the relocation of the places of the dead in Venezuela at the end of the 18th century, specifically the process of planning and construction of extramural cemeteries outside Caracas, La Guaira and Puerto Cabello. This process had defenders and detractors, being consolidated at the end of the 19th century and managing to separate the places of the living and the dead.
This paper is based on the analysis of colonial documentary records with the aim of reconstructing the practices, social and biopolitical representations related to leprosy patients in the province of Caracas from the second half of the eighteenth century. The results show how the degenerative bodily effects, the stigma and the reclusion to which the sick were subjected, led to a social death. However, the existence of support and assistance networks is also evidenced, providing new perspectives on the experiences of leprosy patients in the Latin American colonial context.
The Boulevard phase (145-1030 CE) in the Quibor depression, located in northwestern Venezuela, is characterized by significant complexity and diversity in funerary practices that do not follow tangible patterns. From a biocultural approach, two cases of community burials were analyzed, one from the Boulevard site and the other from Purilimpia, to interpret dying as a community event. The study reveals collective participation in funerary rituals as an expression of cosmopolitics and daily life surrounding death in the communities that inhabited this territory.
The existence of the human being is determined by their biological and cultural dimensions, expressed in multiple spatial and temporal contexts, a situation that leads to understanding the death linked to cultures; each sociocultural system has its own way of conceiving it and the rituals to deal with it. This article describes and interprets the protocols and weft of relationships that develop inside commensality during the Aalapaja, or "vigils of the remains," also called "Segundo Velorio" of the Wayuu people. The study is ethnographic and hermeneutic. It concludes by confirming that the wake of the remains is a religious rite that re-unites the Wayuu.
Gender violence directed against women is a structural problem present in all societies today, with femicide/feminicide being its maximum expression, since it implies the murder of a woman motivated by her gender. This article reviews and analyzes how the characterization of femicides and inductions to suicide has been in Venezuela, through a study based on the open source method that the UTOPIX Femicide Monitor organization has been carrying out from 2019 to 2023.
The religious universe of the Goddess Maria Lionza is presented as a setting for the cult of the miraculous dead in Venezuela, its dynamization in rituals, and the various figurative representations in the courts of Maria Lionza. Based on ethnographic research, we studied different categorizations of the spiritual entities that make up this religion and how devotional groups construct a sacred landscape on the mountain of Maria Lionza. The diverse functions and roles that the miraculous dead have within the framework of this religion are contextualized and outlined.
This study compares the funerary practices in pre-state societies of the Teotihuacan Valley with two Teotihuacan sites of state affiliation, urban and rural, quantitatively analyzing the persistence or change of these practices after the consolidation of the state in the Miccaotli and Tlamimilolpa phases. Significant differences were observed between pre-state and state funeral practices, and after state consolidation, these differences were less pronounced between urban and rural areas.
This paper examines the materiality and symbolism in the cult of Domingo Antonio Sanchez, a truck driver turned miraculous dead man in Venezuela. Through an ethnographic and archaeological perspective, it analyzes devotional practices that integrate roads, vehicles and beer, reflecting tensions between tradition and modernity. The article addresses how these rituals embody identity and political discourses in a context of cultural diversity and national socio-political transformations.
The useful flora of the Mexican archaeological zone Cerro de Las Ventanas is addressed. The data were obtained through interviews in the municipality of Juchipila. 88 useful species belonging to 72 genera and 41 botanical families were recorded. The results indicate that the most relevant plants are Prosopis laevigata, Stenocereus queretaroensis, Arundo donax, Pithecellobium dulce and Leucaena esculenta. Cerro de Las Ventanas protects not only cultural heritage, but also botanical heritage.
The objective of the investigation sought to know the syncretism of the peasant linked to the Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. The ethnographic method was used, using as an informal conversation technique. The heads of households in rural areas acted as informants. It was learned that a significant portion of families believe that HEMORRHAGIC affects people, because they are sent to throw it out as witchcraft. In addition, families believe in Medicine because God left it to heal them, using medicines such as pills. Likewise, the majority of families believe in God and the saints as coadjuvant entities in the healing of HEMORRHAGIC.
