The aim of the study is to perform a bibliometric mapping analysis of machine learning research on Islamic economics and finance in the Web of Science (WOS) database. In the study, a bibliometric analysis was performed on all studies written on the topic of "Machine Learning" with WOS data and in the fields of "Economics" and "Finance" as well as "Islamic Economics" and "Islamic Finance." The tool VOSviewer (1.6.18) was used to classify the data within the research framework. As a result of the analysis, authoritative authors, journals, institutions, and the most frequently referenced sources in the field were identified. Besides that, information about the country that has done the most work in the field was also expressed as a result of the VOSViewer (1.6.18) program. When evaluating the literature, no study was identified that includes both economic and financial concerns on machine learning and presents a comparative bibliometric mapping analysis by studying Isl & amacr;mic economics and Isl & amacr;mic finance issues. It is believed that this study will contribute to literature in this regard.
Today, organizations can properly play their role by focusing on economic responsibility and organizational wealth creation, in line with their social and environmental responsibilities. Adopting such an approach, known as the green approach, will enable the organization to achieve its economic goals. The term green human resource management (GHRM) was introduced in 1990 and has been accepted worldwide since 2000 as a concept that manages the environment within an organization by adopting green human resource policies and practices. The present study aimed at designing a GHRM model in Iranian sports organizations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The population of the study consists of experts and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, 70 of whom were selected using purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with validity confirmed using the content validity method. The research findings in the form of a model consist of two parts: First, through an exploratory study and expert opinion, 14 main factors of GHRM success were identified. Second, using an interpretive-structural modeling approach, relationships and sequences between variables were extracted at eight levels and finally categorized based on the degree of influence and dependence. Considering the results and also the importance and necessity of GHRM, it is suggested that organizations, especially sports organizations, pay special attention to GHRM and by using its policies and strategies, be able to achieve goals and align their activities well with environmental goals. The results showed that the support of the environment around the organization and the support of managers and shareholders act as the foundation stone of the model and have the greatest impact on other variables and cause intensification of other variables to manage organizational green human resources. This model can help managers efficiently and effectively use natural resources by applying green HRM methods and strategies.
The advent of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and the great strides made by the serious concerns. These concerns include the legality of the procedure, the lineage of the children produced through IVF, and their inheritance, if at all they have inheritance rights. One uniqueness of the Shari ah is that it provides solutions to every problem or situation. The Islamic law of inheritance is so comprehensive to the extent that it does not neglect any possible case that might arise till the last day, including the issue of how IVF children inherit. This article discusses the different scenarios that might arise concerning the inheritance of a fetus from IVF. Several assumptions need to be addressed depending on the circumstances based on whether the child was born dead or alive, the gender of a single child and more than one child with similar or different genders in multiparity cases, whether identical or fraternal from a single pregnancy. The article addresses each one of these and gives examples of how the distribution would be conducted. A brief literature review is also included on how other authors have addressed the issue and the research gap thus identified. The is non-empirical qualitative research reliant on secondary data for its analysis.
This study explores In-Store Customer Experience (ISCX) in relation to COVID-19 preventive measures among Malaysian retailers. Grounded in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, it investigates how cognitive, affective, social, and physical experiences were influenced during the pandemic. A qualitative approach was employed, using thematic analysis on data collected through 10 in-depth interviews with Malaysian shoppers during the Movement Control Order (MCO) phases. Interviews were coded and analysed using Atlas.ti, referencing past literature to identify emerging themes. Findings indicate that affective experience especially involving negative emotions, was the most frequently cited ISCX dimension, highlighting the importance of addressing customers' psychological comfort during in-store visits. Among preventive measures, store airflow emerged as the most frequently mentioned, underscoring its significance in creating a safe shopping environment. These findings reflect the dual emphasis on physiological and safety needs within Maslow's framework. The study suggests that retailers should not only implement effective health protocols but also consider customers' emotional well-being to enhance the overall shopping experience. The paper recommends integrating additional theoretical models alongside Maslow's hierarchy for a more robust framework. Future research could adopt a mixed-method approach to strengthen the understanding of customer experience and preventive strategies. The insights offer practical implications for retailers, policymakers, and stakeholders in managing in-store operations during public health crises.
Malaysia ordered a series of lockdowns (known as Movement Control Order) on 18 March 2020 to break the chain of COVID-19 infection within the community. The lockdown imposed brought drastic changes in working practices and thus forced workers to work from home. This paper investigates the changes in job satisfaction before and during the MCO. Utility services were chosen because they are essential services outlined by the Malaysian National Security Council during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a state-wide study (in Sarawak, Malaysia), gathering 10,320 employee data over two years (2019-2020). Based on the one-sample t-test, the level of job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased. Future research should investigate possible factors that could explain job satisfaction during the pandemic. Organizations and policymakers should take note of these findings and be vigilant of inconveniences of remote working to preserve a good level of job satisfaction.
This research aims at elucidating the evolution of Shari'ah governance practices in a Malaysian Islamic bank by examining the progression toward institutionalization through the lens of Institutional Theory. A qualitative research approach was employed, drawing on existing literature, case studies, and interviews with experts in Shari'ah risk management function. An explanatory case study was done to deeply understand the institutionalization of Shari'ah governance practices due to the evolution of framework and policy from Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) 2010 to the latest Shari'ah Governance Policy Document (SGPD) 2019. This research delves into the development of Shari'ah governance from SGF 2010 to SGPD 2019, with a particular focus on the institutionalization of the Shari'ah risk management function in an Islamic bank. Analyzing the outcomes through the framework outlined by Burns and Scapens in 2000 within the context of Institutional Theory, the research highlights how this evolution has fortified Shari'ah governance practices over time, indicating a shift toward greater alignment in an Islamic bank with Shari'ah governance. However, a notable limitation persists in ensuring the competency and expertise of Shari'ah officers, particularly in their adaptation to institutional and actionable realms in routinizing the rules. This research paper enriches understanding of institutionalization, emphasizing its pivotal role in fostering trust, providing support, and enabling optimal performance among Shari'ah officers. It highlights the importance of continuous learning and skill development for Shari'ah officers, asserting that competency and expertise can evolve progressively. Consequently, the Shari'ah governance practices in Islamic banks have exhibited increased robustness, effectively mitigated Shari'ah non-compliance risks, and demonstrated heightened adherence to Shari'ah governance and compliance.
This study aims at introducing a new concept; the integration of absorptive capacity theory and ibr & amacr;h value-this value derived from Islamic values, namely ibr & amacr;h acquisition (IA). Absorptive emphasizes the company's ability to recognize the importance of new information, assimilate it, and apply it for commercial purposes. Meanwhile, ibr & amacr;h is an effort to take lessons from the experiences of other parties or events that occurred in the past through deep thinking. Thus, ibr & amacr;h acquisition is defined as the company's ability to absorb external knowledge from various events, history, and experiences based on values and measures that are more rationally applied in the company to realize optimal company performance. The concept of ibr & amacr;h acquisition includes seven newly developed dimensions presented in this article's contribution, framed in the main competency categories. They are prior investments, prior knowledge, motivation for collecting knowledge, and direction of knowledge with dimensions for scale development, namely aqidah, morals, and belief.
This study attempts to detect the impact of governance mechanisms on the credit rating of MENA region companies. This research uses the Logit model. It is most widely used in failure early warning models. Using a sample of 23 firms in the MENA region rated by the rating agency "Fitch Ratings" during the period 2010-2020, this study found that increasing board size and ownership concentration have positive effects on firm credit rating, while increasing duality, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership have a negative effect. These results offer valuable insights for companies looking to enhance their governance systems and make informed investments in favorable conditions. The findings have significant implications for investors, since incorporating governance mechanisms into the rating process can assist companies in enhancing ratings. Indeed, rating agencies assess corporate governance by focusing on four key elements: ownership structure and influence, rights and relationships with financial stakeholders, financial transparency, and the structure and process of the board of directors. They strongly believe that rating agencies evaluate corporate governance based on four primary factors: ownership structure and influence, rights and relationships with financial stakeholders, transparency and financial structure, as well as the board's procedures. It is their belief that inadequate corporate governance can compromise a company's ability to meet its debt obligations and increase potential losses for its creditors. As capital markets are an important source of financing for emerging markets, the importance of credit rating agencies in providing standardized credit risk assessments for emerging market investments has continued to grow.
This paper explores firm performance evaluation, expanding beyond traditional return on assets to include Tobin's Q. Sustainability and cybersecurity policies are identified as crucial factors influencing corporate success. The study analyzes 206 publicly listed companies in Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore within the ASEAN region, using data from Refinitiv Eikon and multiple regression techniques. The results reveal a significant impact of sustainability and cybersecurity policies on firm performance as measured by Tobin's Q. The findings support the theoretical frameworks of agency cost and stakeholder theories. Future research should consider broadening the study's scope to include additional datasets from other ASEAN-listed companies to enhance the understanding of the relationship between policies and firm performance.
Studies on the labor market wage gap have been published across nations with different variables of interest because inequality in labor compensation is a severe socioeconomic problem. Income inequality is studied through the wage gap Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition method to investigate the contributing factors to the wage differential. As per previous studies, the factors were classified into endowments, coefficients, and interaction parts. Endowments capture the disparity in productivity or observable characteristics that may define the wage gap, the coefficient part is the wage structure built from discrimination or unobservable characteristics, and interaction is the component of how the other two interact with each other. Our study uses data from the Household Income Survey (HIS) conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) in 2022, 2019, and 2016. The total sample size is 35,884 observations (of which 12,735 are for the year 2022; 11,698 for 2019; and 11,451 for 2016). Findings show that the wage difference between Bumiputera and non-Bumiputera was reduced from 2016 to 2019. It increased again in 2022, however, higher than in 2016. The three-year mean for endowment effects is 39.55% of the wage difference and 60.45% for coefficient and interaction parts combined. Therefore, it is statistically evident that Bumiputera labor is compensated lower than non-Bumiputera. This study gives recent insights on the ethnic wage differentials with more updated datasets and identifies the determinants of wage differential which would help policymakers to tackle the root causes.
Since the emergence of cryptocurrencies in 2008 to the present day, the volatility of bitcoin prices has generated a surge of interest among investors, as it provides an opportunity to profit from excessive price increases. Industry observers refer to it as a "growing energy problem" as bitcoin mining consumes more energy than most countries in recent times. This research study examines the causality relationship between the cryptocurrencies involved in Bitcoin mining and the amount of carbon emissions that lead to climate change. In the research study, the total energy consumption estimates and the predicted trend global CO2 emission values of Bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrencies are discussed. The data used in the research study are the daily time-series data over the period 05.20.2017-04.08.2022. The analysis was conducted by performing the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. A bilateral causal relationship was found between Bitcoin and CO2 emissions; whereas no significant connection existed between Ethereum and CO2 emissions. In conclusion, the high energy consumption of cryptocurrencies and the resulting CO2 emissions pose significant environmental challenges, bringing the sustainability of cryptocurrencies into question. In this context, efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in energy consumption of cryptocurrencies need to be accelerated. Additionally, this study will contribute to the development of theoretical foundations in this field.
The study examined four competing models, which are unidimensional model, correlated-factor, second-order factor, and bifactor model, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It aimed at identifying the best-fitting model that measures sejahtera living (SL), an inventory which is based on maqasid shari'ah. The study also evaluated the statistical properties of the optimal solution, in terms of factor dimensionality and reliability. An online self-reported SL inventory was created to collect the data. It is a questionnaire containing 21 content-validated items measuring five facets of SL, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, dignity, and wealth. A total of 461 employees and 596 students at a public university participated in the study. The bifactor model best fitted the data. The model yielded results that all items loaded on their specified dimensions. In addition, it confirmed the presence of a general factor that influenced the variability of responses across all items. The bifactor model confirmed the contributions of the general factor to the reliability of the SL inventory. The results indicate that inventory is an effective tool for assessing research and educational practices related to a good life.
Indonesia has higher volatility in Isl & amacr;mic stock market compared to Malaysia. As volatility of each market is derived from its Isl & amacr;mic stock performance, the goal of this paper is to analyze determinant factors of Isl & amacr;mic stock market performance in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using inflation and exchange rate as monetary policy objectives (MPO) and VIX (investors fear and market volatility), and gold price as global indicators for independent variables, ARDL bound test is performed with monthly Indonesia and Malaysia data. Indonesia data are gathered from December 1994 to February 2023, whereas Malaysia data are from January 2010 to February 2023. The results show that inflation and exchange rate become the main driving force of Isl & amacr;mic stock market performance in Indonesia in the long run, while the exchange rate is true for Malaysia. In the short run, inflation become the driving factor of Isl & amacr;mic stock performance in Indonesia and Malaysia. This paper also finds that gold investment able to become safe-haven asset in Indonesia in short and long run, while in Malaysia gold investment can be a safe-haven asset in the short run only. This paper also finds that VIX do not have any significant result only in Indonesia in short run. Implication of these results are the essential role of Central bank of Indonesia to achieve its inflation targeting, and the important role to rise capital gain tax.
This paper examines the causality relationship and the sign and magnitude of the relationship between the Exchange Rate Protected Deposit (ERPD) application, which was introduced to prevent the negative trend in exchange rates in Turkiye, and the stock market, exchange rate, and interest rate, which are considered as alternative investment instruments. ISE100 index closing prices, USD and EUR prices, weighted average deposit interest rate, and weekly data for the period 18.02.2022-17.11.2023 were used as the data set. Toda-Yamamoto causality, impulse-response, and variance decomposition analysis were applied. It is determined that the application of the ERPD affects alternative investment instruments and it is affected by them. In addition, it has been determined that the order of magnitude affecting the ERPD is as follows: euro prices, deposit interest rate, stock market index, money supply, and dollar prices. It was determined that the ERPD negatively affected the stock market and deposit interest rates. However, it was concluded that the ERPD application could not achieve the target of decreasing the euro and dollar prices. This paper will contribute to the literature, and it is thought that the results will be useful for policymakers, investors, and similar financial actors who wish to learn about ERPD.
This study assessed the environmental technological innovation (ETI) of the 13 countries with the highest industrial added value (China, the United States, Japan, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, South Korea, France, Russia, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia) over the period between 1992 and 2019. The objective is to evaluate the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, trade openness (TO), and economic growth (EG) on the ecological footprint (EFP). In this study, a panel data analysis was conducted utilizing the second-generation PANIC unit root test, the Westerlund cointegration test, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test, and the common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) estimator methods. The results of the analysis demonstrate that, according to the CCEMG, ETI exerts a mitigating influence on EFP in Indonesia. In numerous countries, CO2 has been observed to increase EFP, whereas in a select few countries, EG has been found to have a similar effect. Conversely, in China and South Korea, TO has been identified as a factor contributing to an increase in EFP, while in the United States, it has been identified as a factor that contributes to a decrease in EFP. The AMG indicates that ETI results in a decrease in EFP in Brazil and Indonesia, while simultaneously producing an increase in Mexico. While CO2 is observed to increase EFP in numerous countries, EG is seen to increase EFP in many countries, although this is only the case in India. TO is found to decrease EFP in China, India, South Korea, and Brazil, while simultaneously increasing it in Germany. The empirical evidence suggests that policies aimed at limiting uncontrolled economic growth, prioritising environmentally friendly technological innovations, improving international trade processes and policies with the objective of reducing emissions, and developing environmentally friendly processes and products in production are likely to be effective.
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened consumer awareness of personal hygiene, leading to a surge in demand for bath and shower products in Malaysia. Despite this growth, the organic body wash segment has faced challenges, including consumer skepticism due to the proliferation of greenwashing. This study explores the factors influencing consumer choices between organic and non-organic body wash brands in Malaysia, while understanding whether consumers' choices reflect their environmentally conscious behavior, with a focus on young adults aged 18-25. Through semi-structured interviews, the research draws on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Garvin's Eight Dimensions of Product Quality to analyze perceived quality, performance, price, and environmental concern. Findings reveal that price is the critical determinant of consumer preference, while perceived environmental concern plays a negligible role, challenging the previous research that suggests individuals' purchases of organic products reflects environmental concern. Parental influence also emerges as a key factor in the decision-making process, highlighting the importance of family and social influences on consumers' decisions. The study underscores the importance of transparent marketing and addresses the impact of greenwashing on consumer trust. The research contributes to understanding consumer behavior in the organic personal care sector and offers insights for marketers to refine their strategies. Future research should investigate the sustainable packaging role and expand demographic considerations to enhance generalizability.
A company or business organization can achieve sustainable performance only when it is able to carry out organizational processes, functions, or operations so that the business or organization's activities do not damage environmental quality. Therefore, business or organizational transactions must be carried out with the aim of producing better social interactions with stakeholders such as suppliers, consumers, the general public, and the authorities. This research aims at exploring the direct relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Organizational Sustainable Performance by involving the role of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Innovation (GI) as mediating variables. Further, this study was conducted by using a literature review as a methodology in order to address the gap on these issues. The result of this study views an organization as a collection of human, physical, and organizational resources. These resources are valuable and incomparable for the green practice. Thus, they are a major source of sustained competitive advantage and sustainable performance. While for sustainable, three important ideas can be applied, i.e., considering the needs of future generations, institution matters, and new ways of thinking and perceiving. Finally, this study is expected to become a foundation for promoting sustainable performance of organizations that helps organizations to achieve competitive advantage by cultivating environmental awareness as part of their organizational strategy, which is also known as green management. Furthermore, this study provides new insights or knowledge for further research by developing a novel research model as a basis for further empirical research.
In the last few decades, substantial progress was seen in mobile commerce development. Although the Internet and smartphones have become more widely used in Malaysia, mobile commerce acceptance is still low. The current study investigates the determinants of intention to use mobile commerce among consumers in Malaysia. Additionally, this study aims at proposing a conceptual framework that emphasizes the impact of information quality, system quality, and service quality on consumer intentions to use mobile commerce in Malaysia. The DeLone and McLean Updated Information System Success Model (ISSM) Theory is the theoretical background of this study's proposed model. Mobile commerce providers must create user-friendly websites, applications, and platforms; they must also provide valuable information regarding their offerings, and provide high service quality to mobile commerce users to build a favourable intention to use mobile commerce in Malaysia. The primary contribution of this research is the conception of a model to examine the determinants of consumer intention to use mobile commerce in Malaysia. This research provides practical insights for mobile commerce service providers, enhancing their understanding of the determinants affecting consumer intention to use mobile commerce. This study will benefit academicians, scholars, students, providers, mobile marketing practitioners, and all industry stakeholders. Since this paper is conceptual, it necessitates empirical investigation to validate the proposed model of this study; thus, additional research is recommended.
This paper examined the effect of Islamic finance on poverty reduction in 53 African countries over the period 2013 to 2022. Islamic finance, based on Islamic principles and values, emphasizes ethical conduct, social responsibility, and promotion of social welfare. Poverty remains a pressing issue in many African countries, and traditional financial systems have for long struggled to effectively address this challenge. Islamic finance offers unique features and mechanisms that can contribute to poverty reduction efforts. This study employs a panel System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimation technique and explores the empirical evidence on the relationship between Islamic finance development and poverty reduction, while controlling for other variables such as foreign aid, government budgets, and government effectiveness. The findings indicate that Islamic finance development, foreign aid, and government budgets have significant positive effects on poverty reduction, while government effectiveness has a negative effect. Thus, the findings highlight the potential of Islamic finance in poverty reduction in African countries and provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in harnessing the benefits of Islamic finance for inclusive and sustainable development.
This study assesses the entrepreneurial intention of business school students, where Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is the primary conceptual model combined with data collection using the Li & ntilde;& aacute;n and Chen EIQ (Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire). Using convenience sampling, a total of 154 students from Kabul University, Afghanistan, were studied. We found that the EIQ psychometric properties were confirmed. Personal attitude, self-efficacy, and subjective norms were all predictors of entrepreneurship intent and thus verified in the study's regression analysis results. Because of the research design limitation, the findings cannot be generalized and may reveal different results over time or by the time students graduate. As one practical implication of the study, it is suggested that universities focus more on independent variables, such as personal attitude and self-efficacy, to build confidence in entrepreneurship among students. Future research can include moderator variables such as family influence, networking and communication, and Islamic values in supporting entrepreneurship intention. The psychometric properties of EIQ were confirmed.
