El Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos (PNAPM) es un destino costero con arrecifes de coral, donde se practican buceo y esnórquel, lo que contribuye a la economía local. Sin embargo, la zona de influencia directa es objeto de una transformación por proyectos turísticos, el Tren Maya, la ampliación de asentamientos humanos, entre otros, por lo que el objetivo general fue evaluar la capacidad de carga y la percepción social del aprovechamiento turístico en el Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos. El método aplicado fue multicriterio, con la Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-189-SCFI-2021, dos encuestas: una a residentes (n=384) y otra a Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos (n=82), cinco recorridos terrestres y cuatro marinos. Como resultado, se determinó que la zona de uso recreativo semi intensivo permite 862 usuarios por día; se carece de gestión participativa efectiva hacia el turismo, los grupos sociales tienen distintas prioridades a corto plazo, las embarcaciones turísticas requieren cumplir reglamentos, entre otras condiciones para lograr el aprovechamiento sustentable del turismo. Los datos recolectados permiten diseñar estrategias ad hoc, reconociendo que existen desafíos con las preferencias sociales y prioridades económicas, que en el corto plazo no coinciden con los principios del aprovechamiento sustentable.
Este artículo tiene por objeto explicar que el origen de la política turística tuvo lugar en 1904. Identifica que el turismo receptivo aportaba divisas suficientes para que España se comportara como un país turístico, y que existía una situación de necesidad: desequilibrio en la balanza mercantil e intensa depreciación de la peseta. Los ingresos por turismo extranjero podían ser una de las soluciones. De ahí la primera gran medida gubernamental, de carácter fiscal, a favor del turismo receptivo. El origen de la política turística nos muestra, en España, un caso de manual.
The study seeks to determine the factors that affect the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia, using the Resources and Capabilities Theory (RBV). Specifically, it analyzes the impact of strategic planning, commercial management, supplies and product and service planning on the competitiveness of the sector. A quantitative and correlational approach was used, with principal component analysis and structural equations to evaluate the impact of variables on competitiveness. The sample consisted of 74 tourism companies in Colombia. An instrument with 32 questions was designed to evaluate the influence of key variables on organizational performance. Strategic planning is the most determining factor in competitiveness, with an incidence of 53.6%. There was evidence of multicollinearity among the variables, indicating an interdependence in their effect on competitiveness. Variables such as legal form, type of clients, seniority and size of the companies were analyzed, finding that those constituted as natural persons present greater competitiveness. The findings provide key information for the design of business strategies to strengthen the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia. They highlight the need for sound strategic planning and efficient resource management to improve the sector's performance. And it is recommended to take advantage of ICTs and e-commerce to strengthen the relationship with clients and suppliers, as well as to implement sustainable practices in tourism as a competitive strategy. This study contributes to the knowledge on the factors that influence the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia, using an approach based on the Theory of Resources and Capabilities. It also provides an empirical basis for decision-making in the tourism sector and contributes to the formulation of effective business strategies.
Vivimos amenazados por una emergencia climática. No obstante, y pesar de las numerosas evidencias científicas que apuntan a la urgente necesidad de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, éstas siguen aumentando. En este contexto, el turismo no solo se erige en receptor pasivo altamente vulnerable a los impactos del cambio climático (CC), sino también en un agente activo que, con su huella de carbono, contribuye significativamente a la crisis climática. Mediante la metodología “Revisión de Revisiones”, este artículo sistematiza el conocimiento acumulado en la literatura académica sobre el nexo turismo-CC. Así, se identifican tres ejes temáticos prioritarios: los impactos del CC en la actividad turística y territorios turistificados, la huella de carbono del turismo, y las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación. También se señalan los principales retos y áreas de estudio que, según los autores de las revisiones analizadas, deberían potenciarse. Asimismo, y desde los enfoques críticos de la economía ecológica y la ecología política, se destacan algunas lagunas temáticas y ontológicas presentes en la literatura académica dominante. Se observa que una parte significativa de estas investigaciones se enmarcan en el paradigma neoliberal del “Brundtland as Usual”, auspiciado por la Agenda Climática Global, lo que compromete el diseño de políticas para avanzar hacia una transición ecosocial justa en territorios turistificados. Para concluir, el artículo ofrece algunas orientaciones para la construcción de una agenda de investigación crítica.
O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como opiniões são moldadas por meio de posts, especialmente em destinos menos populares. O estudo insere-se na análise da influência das plataformas digitais no turismo, com foco na atuação dos influencers na formação de opinião e na tomada de decisão dos viajantes, dialogando com os debates sobre credibilidade, consumo digital e marketing em mídias sociais. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, com suporte de dados quantitativos. A coleta foi realizada via questionário contendo 11 perguntas (abertas e de múltipla escolha), aplicado a 15 influenciadores do Instagram com mais de 20 mil seguidores e foco no público brasileiro, selecionados via contato direto. Seguindo uma análise de conteúdo, a interpretação destacou a imagem turística, a influência digital e a 'instagramabilidade', permitindo avaliar a credibilidade transmitida pelos influenciadores ao compartilhar experiências de viagem e os impactos dessa influência sobre as escolhas de seus seguidores. Os resultados indicam que os influenciadores se percebem como fontes confiáveis, mas divergem quanto ao grau de sua influência na decisão dos seguidores. Os achados contribuem para a compreensão do papel das redes sociais no marketing turístico, sugerindo estratégias mais refinadas de segmentação e oportunidades para parcerias com empresas da área.
Este estudio investiga la relación entre la autenticidad arquitectónica percibida, el apego al lugar y la responsabilidad patrimonial de los residentes, centrándose en la Zona Colonial de Santo Domingo, destino turístico Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad. Se utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo, donde se recogieron 509 encuestas mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos se analizaron con el software SmartPLS, aplicando el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales para evaluar el modelo de medida y estructural propuestos. Los resultados revelan que la percepción de autenticidad arquitectónica por parte de los residentes no impacta de manera significativa en su responsabilidad patrimonial. Esta discrepancia con estudios anteriores puede atribuirse a la variabilidad en la interpretación de la autenticidad entre diferentes comunidades y a la evolución del concepto hacia una perspectiva más constructivista y experiencial. Además, el estudio demuestra que el apego a la comunidad media la relación entre la autenticidad arquitectónica percibida y la responsabilidad patrimonial, destacando la relevancia de las conexiones emocionales y sociales en la conservación del patrimonio. El vínculo entre el apego al lugar y la responsabilidad patrimonial es fundamental para el desarrollo del turismo, influyendo en cómo los residentes perciben y apoyan las iniciativas turísticas sostenibles. Las conclusiones sugieren que es esencial reconocer y fortalecer el apego a la comunidad para potenciar la autenticidad arquitectónica y la responsabilidad patrimonial. Se destaca la importancia de implementar estrategias que integren la conservación del patrimonio con el desarrollo comunitario y turístico, resaltando la necesidad de colaboración entre gestores del patrimonio, autoridades turísticas y la comunidad local. Esta colaboración es fundamental para asegurar que las prácticas de desarrollo respeten la autenticidad del lugar y promuevan el bienestar comunitario, contribuyendo así al legado histórico y a la cohesión social.
RESEÑA BIBLIOGRÁFICA -Lestegás Tizón, Iago. O paradoxo do turismo. Sermos Galiza, Santiago de Compostela, 2025, 62 pp. ISBN: 9788409736133
España posee un sector turístico cuyo principal motor ha sido, y en buena medida sigue siéndolo, el modelo de sol y playa, en torno al cual se ha creado a lo largo de las décadas una potente industria turística que actúa de locomotora de no pocas actividades económicas. No obstante, en las últimas décadas se ha desarrollado con fuerza un turismo de interior que está contribuyendo al desarrollo de áreas alejadas de los circuitos turísticos tradicionales y a favorecer un mejor equilibrio territorial. Dentro de ese turismo de interior, cobra especial relevancia el turismo del vino o enoturismo, que ha adquirido un notable impulso, favorecido tanto por la puesta en marcha de iniciativas de carácter público-privado, en torno a la creación de rutas del vino, como a un creciente interés por el conocimiento de la cultura del vino y del entorno en el que se produce. El peso del sector vitivinícola español en la economía de las áreas en las que se inserta era terreno abonado para el desarrollo de esa actividad, si bien es cierto que su implantación es relativamente reciente en el tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es hacer una aproximación cuantitativa al impacto económico que, desde el punto de vista microeconómico (para la economía de las propias bodegas) y, desde el punto de vista macroeconómico (para el conjunto del turismo interior de España), tienen las actividades enoturísticas.
Tourism is an important sector for the development and economic growth of a country and the work and dynamism of hotels in this context is fundamental. Therefore, companies may take on debt to enable greater investment, which can enhance the quality of their operational activities in the hotels they manage. Bearing this in mind, this study seeks to identify the operational factors - specifically hotel characteristics - that affect the debt of Portuguese hotel companies, also during periods of crisis. Based on a sample of 9842 observations from 1191 hotel companies between the years 2005 to 2020, both descriptive and inferential analysis were conducted using the ordinary least squares method. The results show that a hotel's debt is positively influenced by its star rating but negatively affected by its ownership. For younger companies, the relationship with debt is positively influenced by ownership and negatively impacted by the hotel brand. The study also concludes that the debt of these companies tends to increase during periods of economic or financial crisis.
Even though Hospitality and Psychology are closely related fields, the in-depth exploration of their shared relationship remains limited. This research explores the correlation between employee personality traits and their impact on service quality during the arrival process at a four-star hotel in Barcelona. The combination of a psychological model and a perceived quality model makes the research original in its approach. Based on a dual-perspective methodology rooted in both Hospitality and Psychology, the study leverages the Five Factor Inventory, known as The Big Five, to assess the personality traits of receptionists. Guest satisfaction is evaluated using the SERVQUAL model. Primary data was collected through a survey administered to the entire reception staff and customers (247 valid responses), complemented by a semi-structured interview with a psychology expert in order to gain deeper insights into personality dynamics. The findings offer significant managerial implications, providing a scalable model applicable to various departments and processes. Furthermore, the methodology is presented step-by-step so as to facilitate the replication of the model in any type of accommodation establishment.
This study investigates the relationship between perceived architectural authenticity, place attachment and the heritage responsibility of residents, focusing on the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo, a World Heritage tourist destination. A quantitative approach has been used, where data were collected from 509 surveys through simple random sampling. The data were analyzed with SmartPLS software, applying the partial least squares method to evaluate the proposed measurement and structural model. The results reveal that the residents' perception of architectural authenticity does not significantly impact their heritage responsibility. This discrepancy with previous studies can be attributed to the variability in the interpretation of authenticity between different communities and the evolution of the concept towards a more constructivist and experiential perspective. Furthermore, the study reveals that community attachment mediates the relationship between perceived architectural authenticity and heritage responsibility, highlighting the relevance of emotional and social connections in heritage conservation. The link between place attachment and heritage responsibility is fundamental to tourism development, influencing how residents perceive and support sustainable tourism initiatives. The conclusions suggest that it is essential to recognize and strengthen attachment to the community so as to enhance architectural authenticity and heritage responsibility. The importance of implementing strategies that integrate heritage conservation with community and tourism development is addressed, highlighting the need for collaboration between heritage managers, tourism authorities and the local community. This collaboration is essential to ensure that development practices respect the authenticity of the place and promote community wellbeing, thus contributing to historical legacy and social cohesion.
The objective of this study is to understand how opinions are shaped through posts, especially in less popular destinations. The study is situated within the analysis of the influence of digital tourism platforms, focusing on the role of influencers in shaping opinions and travelers' decision-making, engaging with debates on credibility, digital consumption, and social media marketing. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative approach has been adopted, supported by quantitative data. The data collection was conducted through a questionnaire containing 11 questions (both open-ended and multiple-choice), administered to 15 Instagram influencers with more than 20,000 followers and a focus on the Brazilian audience, selected via direct contact. Following a content analysis approach, the interpretation focused on tourist imagery, digital influence, and 'Instagrammability,' allowing for an assessment of the credibility that influencers convey when sharing travel experiences and the impact of this influence on their followers' choices. The results indicate that influencers perceive themselves as reliable sources, but they differ in their views on the extent of their influence on followers' decisions. The findings contribute to the understanding of the role of social media in tourism marketing, suggesting the need for more refined segmentation strategies and the Search for opportunities for partnerships with companies in the field.
This study examines how the gender and popularity of spokespeople in Instagram posts influence consumer digital engagement and bookings in the rural hotel sector. Based on a content analysis of 1,017 posts from 14 rural hotels in Colombia and applying negative binomial regression models, the proposed hypotheses were evaluated. The results reveal that, contrary to expectations, the use of non-celebrity spokespeople reduces both "likes" and bookings. However, this relationship is moderated by gender and popularity. Celebrity endorsement positively impacts all metrics studied: bookings, "likes," and comments. Specifically, female spokespeople enhance bookings and "likes," while male spokespeople only increase "likes". These findings offer strategic implications for rural hotel managers, emphasizing that the selection of a spokesperson should be a calculated decision. Popularity and an appropriate gender match with the target audience are crucial factors for optimizing the effectiveness of social media campaigns, driving both interaction and commercial conversion.
This article aims to explain that the origins of tourism policy date back to 1904. It identifies that inbound tourism provided sufficient foreign currency for Spain to behave as a tourist country, and that there was a situation of necessity: an imbalance in the trade balance and intense depreciation of the peseta. Revenue from foreign tourism could be one of the solutions. Hence the first major government measure, of a fiscal nature, in favour of inbound tourism. The origins of tourism policy in Spain provide a textbook case.
Puerto Morelos Reef National Park (PMRNP) is a coastal destination with coral reefs, where diving and snorkeling are practiced, contributing to the local economy. However, the direct area of influence is being transformed by tourism projects, such as the Mayan Train, the expansion of human settlements, among others. Therefore, the overall objective is to evaluate the carrying capacity and social perception of tourism development in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park. A multi-criteria method has been applied, in accordance with the Mexican Standard NMX-AA-189-SCFI-2021, based on two surveys: one to residents (n=384) and the other to Tourism Service Providers (n=82), five land and four marine tours. As a result, it has been determined that the semi-intensive recreational use zone allows 862 users per day; there is a lack of effective participatory management towards tourism; social groups have different short-term priorities; tourist boats need to comply with the regulations; among other conditions to achieve sustainable tourism use. The data collected allow for the design of ad hoc strategies, recognizing that there are challenges with social preferences and economic priorities, which in the short term do not coincide with the principles of sustainable use.
This article investigates how technology transfer contributes to sustainable tourism when aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main objective is to design and validate the Integrated Model for Technology Transfer in Sustainable Tourism (IMTTS), a systemic framework structured around four analytical dimensions: technological innovation, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and institutional alignment. In terms of its methodology, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach that combines a systematic literature review (2019-2024) with two contrasting case studies. The first is the Tourism Data Space (TDS) in the Balearic Islands, representing an institutional and data-driven innovation model; the second is Couchsurfing, a decentralized, peer-based platform fostering community engagement, cultural exchange, and low-impact tourism. These cases illustrate distinct governance models and reveal the enabling conditions and limitations that affect the adoption of emerging technologies in tourism systems. The study identifies Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain as key technologies transforming resource optimization, visitor experience personalization, and sustainability certification. However, persistent challenges such as high implementation costs, infrastructure deficits, digital literacy gaps, and fragmented regulatory frameworks constrain their widespread application-especially in developing regions. The IMTTS proposes a phased roadmap for implementation and offers actionable recommendations for governments, tourism enterprises, and local communities, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration, regulatory harmonization, and capacity building. The model aligns strategically with SDGs 8, 10, 12, and 13, and constitutes both a theoretical and practical tool. Ultimately, this research contributes to bridging the gap between digital innovation and sustainable development, offering a replicable, flexible framework for destinations seeking inclusive, resilient, and SDG-oriented tourism transformation.
In the Spanish tourism sector, the spotlight has always been, and largely continues to be, the sun and sand model. A powerful tourism industry has developed over decades around this model, leading to the emergence of numerous other economic activities. However, in recent decades, an inland tourism industry has been growing, contributing to the development of some areas far from the tourist routes and improving the territorial balance; within this interior tourism, wine tourism or "enotourism", holds an important position, due to the launch of public and private initiatives such as creating new wine routes which increases interest in understanding the wine culture and the environment in which wine is produced. The importance of the Spanish wine sector in the economy of the areas in which it operates constitutes "fertile ground" for the development of this activity, even though it has been recently implemented. This research seeks to provide a quantitative approach to the economic impact of wine tourism activities, both from a microeconomic (from the wineries themselves) and from a macroeconomic (from domestic tourism in Spain as a whole) perspective.
This study seeks to determine the factors that affect the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia, using the Resources and Capabilities Theory (RBV). Specifically, it analyzes the impact of strategic planning, commercial management, supplies and product and service planning on the competitiveness of the sector. A quantitative and correlational approach has been used, with principal component analysis and structural equations to evaluate the impact of variables on competitiveness. The sample consisted of 74 tourism companies in Colombia. An instrument with 32 questions was designed to evaluate the influence of key variables on organizational performance. Strategic planning is the most determining factor in competitiveness, with an incidence of 53.6%. There was evidence of multicollinearity among the variables, indicating an interdependence in their effect on competitiveness. Variables such as legal form, type of clients, seniority and size of the companies were analyzed, and the findings show that those constituted as natural persons have a greater competitiveness. The results provide key information for the design of business strategies to strengthen the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia. They highlight the need for sound strategic planning and efficient resource management to improve the sector's performance. It is also recommended to take advantage of ICTs and e-commerce to reinforce relationships with clients and suppliers, as well as to implement sustainable practices in tourism as a competitive strategy. This study contributes to the knowledge on the factors that influence the competitiveness of tourism companies in Colombia, using an approach based on the Theory of Resources and Capabilities. It also provides an empirical basis for decision-making in the tourism sector and contributes to the formulation of effective business strategies.
Following the Toda-Yamamoto procedure, an augmented Vector Autoregression (VAR) model was estimated to conduct Granger non-causality tests. This paper explores how macroeconomic volatility-driven by oil prices, exchange rate fluctuations, political instability, and inflation-and public tourism policies, including PROMPER & Uacute;'s promotional campaigns and COPESCO infrastructure projects, influenced international tourist arrivals to Peru (2003-2023). The results show that oil prices and exchange rate fluctuations significantly affect inbound tourism, highlighting cost sensitivity. Political instability-understood as negative shocks in the political stability index-temporarily reduces tourist arrivals, though its impact fades over time when countered by institutional credibility. PROMPER & Uacute;'s campaigns show strong short-term effects that weaken without strategic renewal. COPESCO investments exhibit no significant short-term impact, revealing persistent infrastructure and coordination gaps. These findings highlight the need for an integrated tourism strategy that aligns macroeconomic stability, sustained promotion, and infrastructure planning. In a fast-evolving global market, enhancing Peru's competitiveness will require stronger cross-sector collaboration and data-driven policymaking.
El análisis de las partes interesadas es una temática de interés para la investigación y un recurso de enorme utilidad para la planificación y gestión de los destinos turísticos. En el contexto de la renovación urbana de los destinos turísticos, la identificación y caracterización de las partes interesadas es fundamental por cuanto las decisiones y/o acciones de estas pueden provocar directa o indirectamente rapidez o lentitud en la implementación del proceso, lo que afecta a su competitividad. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar y caracterizar a las partes interesadas que importan para la renovación urbana de los destinos turísticos. Para ello, se recurre al análisis de un destino turístico como estudio de caso y al instrumento urbanístico por excelencia con el que cuenta para la renovación de su espacio turístico. Las “partes interesadas que importan” son aquellas imprescindibles para la renovación urbana desde una perspectiva de gobernanza. El trabajo supone una aportación novedosa a la literatura científica por cuanto centra el interés analítico en la identificación y caracterización de las partes interesadas para la renovación urbana de los destinos turísticos. Asimismo, el carácter instrumental del procedimiento permite su adaptabilidad tanto a otros destinos turísticos como a otros ámbitos de la renovación urbana.
