Deverra scoparia (D. scoparia) Coss. & Durieu is an endemic plant from North Africa that is commonly utilized in folk medicine for diabetes treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic effects of D. scoparia in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The investigation focused on the impact of an aqueous extract of D. scoparia administered at a dosage of 40 mg/kg on glycemia and lipid profiles in these rats. Additionally, the study included assessments of glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles (EDL and soleus), as well as a phytochemical analysis. Both single and repeated oral doses of the aqueous extract (40 mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats. Moreover, this extract improved glucose tolerance and enhanced hepatic glycogen content in the diabetic subjects. Notably, the plant exhibited a rich profile of certain phytochemicals, particularly phenolic acids and flavonoids. The findings of this study clearly indicate that the aqueous extract of D. scoparia possesses substantial antidiabetic activity.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extracts from three Mongolian wild berries: blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and sea buckthorn berry (Hippophae rhamnoides). The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. UV-Vis peaks appeared at 410 nm (blueberry and lingonberry) and 445 nm (sea buckthorn). SEM showed spherical particles with average sizes of 32.36 ± 1.23 nm (Bb-AgNPs), 36.56 ± 7.86 nm (Lg-AgNPs), and 28.70 ± 1.38 nm (Sb-AgNPs). Zeta potential values ranged from −42.8 to −51.1 mV, indicating stable colloids. FTIR confirmed carboxylic acids, phenolics, and alcohols. Total phenolic contents were highest in blueberry extract (8.98 mg GAE/g). Bb-AgNPs showed notably higher antioxidant activity than the original extract. Both lingonberry extract and Lg-AgNPs demonstrated potential for antioxidant supplementation, with Lg-AgNPs also showing antibacterial properties.
Recent advances in large-scale proteomics and computational biology have enabled systematic mapping of protein domains across the human proteome, giving rise to integrative resources known as domainomes. Human Domainome 1 represents a comprehensive framework for annotating protein domains, domain–domain interactions, and associated biological functions. By capturing the modular organization of proteins, this resource provides critical insights into molecular mechanisms underlying health and disease, and offers a powerful platform for rational drug discovery and precision medicine. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published between January 2010 and August 2024. Search terms included “Human Domainome 1”, “protein domains”, “domainome”, “biomedical research”, “therapeutic development”, and “drug target discovery”. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts according to predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction encompassed study design, analytical and experimental applications (including bioinformatics analyses, target validation strategies, and drug screening approaches), key outcomes, and reported limitations. Methodological rigor was evaluated using an adapted Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS). Following full-text assessment, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Human Domainome 1 was applied across a wide range of biomedical contexts, including protein-protein interaction mapping, pathway reconstruction, and identification of disease-associated domains in oncology, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Quantitative synthesis (Table 3) demonstrated a strong association between domain architecture-based analyses and successful identification of novel biomarkers. Furthermore, multiple studies (Table 4) reported that integration of Domainome data into drug discovery workflows significantly enhanced in silico screening efficiency and structure-guided drug design, resulting in higher hit rates and improved target prioritization. Human Domainome 1 emerges as a robust and versatile resource that substantially advances the understanding of protein function, regulation, and disease relevance. Its integration into contemporary biomedical research pipelines accelerates target identification and therapeutic development, supporting more precise and mechanism-driven drug discovery. Future efforts should prioritize the standardization of domain annotation methodologies and the expansion of functional validation across diverse biological systems to fully realize the translational potential of the Domainome.
This study evaluates gypsum-assisted low-temperature synthesis of Portland cement clinker using limestone, marlstone, iron ore, and natural gypsum from Western Mongolia. A raw mix designed by Kind’s method (LSF = 0.93; SM = 2.2) was sintered at 1100–1300 °C with 0–2.0 wt.% gypsum addition, and replicated free-lime measurements were used to assess burnability. Increasing temperature markedly reduced residual free CaO, while moderate gypsum addition promoted CaO assimilation. Nonlinear regression identified, within the investigated range, an optimum near 1.39 wt.% gypsum at 1300 °C, corresponding to a predicted free-lime content of approximately 1.25 wt.%. XRD and SEM confirmed the formation of an alite-rich clinker with developed silicate phases. Cement produced from this clinker met the physical and mechanical requirements of MNS 0974:2008 for OPC 42.5 grade, confirming gypsum-assisted clinkerization as an effective route for promoting clinker phase formation at a reduced sintering temperature under the present experimental conditions.
Cordyceps militaris is a valuable fungus. However, most research considers fruiting bodies while the solid growth medium is ignored. This study investigated microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) parameters for improving the recovery of phenolic compounds, as chemical markers, and associated antioxidant activity, as functional response, from the medium. To support MAE optimization, preliminary factors affecting efficiency were first evaluated, including particle size determination and establishing magnetic stirring conditions. Powders <0.25 mm produced higher total phenolic content (3.51 ± 0.36 mg GAE/g dry weight), total flavonoid content (6.03 ± 1.23 mg QE/100 g), and antioxidant capacity (9.9 ± 1.38 µmol TE/g). Combinations of temperature (50-70 °C) and time (5-20 min) with stirring were examined using principal component analysis, showing optimal conditions at 60 °C for 15 min. Finally, MAE factors were optimized using a factorial design. ANOVA and response surface methods showed that 560 W for 8 min produced the highest extraction values.
New copper, manganese and vanadium based heterogeneous catalysts have been developed by the immobilization of pyridyl benzimidazole onto the polymer support. The active catalysts were characterized using CHN, FT-IR, DRS, EPR, AAS and EDX techniques and successfully used for the oxidative transformation of ethyl benzene. Metal loading in mmol per gram of resin in different catalysts was found to be 0.94-1.34. The catalytic potential of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated for the oxidation of ethylbenzene using hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant with undiminished efficiency profiles and good reusability (up to four cycles). Notably, no metal contamination in the final products was observed. The comparative evaluation revealed that the highest percentage conversion (82.8 %) and highest selectivity (82.5) for benzaldehyde formation was attained with manganese as catalyst using H2O2 as an oxidant. The mechanism of the oxidation of ethylbenzene in the presence of catalyst has also been proposed. The developed catalytic systems are operationally simple and environmentally clean.
Heavy metal contamination from industrial activities poses serious environmental and health risks, particularly from cadmium (Cd), and the removal through adsorption using calcium alginate encapsulated with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (HPMBP) offers a promising solution. This study aims to improve Cd(II) ion adsorption by encapsulating HPMBP in calcium alginate beads and assess its effectiveness in contaminated water remediation. HPMBP was synthesized and encapsulated in calcium alginate beads to produce Ca-alginate-HPMBP microcapsules, characterized using FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Adsorption experiments evaluated pH, contact time, initial Cd(II) concentration, and adsorbent mass effects. Desorption cycles were also tested to evaluate reusability, and environmental samples were examined to assess practical application. Optimal adsorption was achieved at pH 6, with Ca-alginate-HPMBP showing enhanced adsorption capacity (94.34 mg/g) compared to Ca-alginate alone (9.66 mg/g). Adsorption equilibrium was reached within five hours. Higher initial Cd(II) concentrations improved adsorption efficiency, following a Langmuir isotherm model. The material demonstrated high recovery rates in desorption cycles, and field tests with environmental samples showed a Cd(II) recovery rate of 101.89%. Encapsulation of HPMBP in calcium alginate enhances Cd(II) ion adsorption, providing an efficient, reusable adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in contaminated water sources, supporting sustainable solutions for water contamination challenges.
This study focuses on optimizing the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste using Ende natural zeolite as a catalyst, activated by 7 M sulfuric acid. Activation significantly enhanced the zeolite's Si/Al ratio, total acidity, and surface area, improving its catalytic properties. Pyrolysis was conducted across temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 500 °C, with catalyst compositions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The optimal condition was found at 400 °C with 10% catalyst, yielding the highest amount of liquid hydrocarbons suitable for fuel production. The results demonstrate that acid-activated Ende natural zeolite is highly effective in catalyzing the conversion of plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbon products. These findings contribute to developing sustainable waste management strategies by improving pyrolysis efficiency. Future research should investigate the long-term stability of this catalyst and evaluate the performance of different zeolite sources to enhance plastic waste conversion further.
Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for various renewable and clean technologies, increasing the importance of their recovery from secondary sources. This study determines if REE content and recovery from coal samples, and their ash, could be obtained from a Mongolian coal mine deposit in sufficient quantities for reuse. 9 different coal samples were examined and the highest REE concentrations were found in samples 3, 7, and 4. Upon burning, REEs in the coal ash samples significantly increased in all three samples. Direct acid leaching further improved REE recovery (S3); moreover, when alkali pre-treatment and 1M hydrochloric acid leaching were used, REE recovery was increased even further (sample 7). These findings characterize coal ash at this mining site, and indicate that it could serve as a viable secondary source of REEs, using optimized leaching methods to enhance the effectiveness, for potential industrial applications in Mongolia.
The exceptional biological qualities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, have garnered a lot of interest. The synthesis of AgNPs using plant-derived compounds is considered an environmentally friendly method, limiting the use of toxic chemicals. Among them, natural essential oils, rich in flavonoids and terpenoids, have shown effective roles as reducing agents and stabilizers. Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peel essential oil (CmEO), which is notable for its high limonene and flavonoid content, was chosen as the green synthesis agent in this study. AgNPs were created by reducing AgNO3 with CmEO, and they were examined using UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, and SEM. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and SEM based on the analysis, it was observed that the AgNPs-CmEO possessed a spherical morphology with an average particle size of approximately 204.3 nm. The UV–Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak around 420 nm. In addition, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to the antibacterial activity of AgNPs-CmEO. However, the activity was still lower than that of gentamicin. The antioxidant activity was moderate, with IC50 of 617.37 μg/mL (DPPH) and 385.48 μg/mL (ABTS). Overall, CmEO is a potential bioreducing agent for AgNPs synthesis, opening up potential applications in food preservation and biomedicine while indicating the need for further process optimization to improve product performance and stability.
The optoelectronic and charge transfer properties of dyes containing N,N-diphenylthiophen-2-amine (NBBT) or N-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-amine (NTPA) as donor were computationally studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent- density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. Thiophene, fused thiophene and bridged thiophene derivatives were incorporated to extend the hexatriyne (LCC) π-linker (hexatriyne-thiophene π-linker) to examine the effect thiophene derivatives on the photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties of the designed dyes. The and values show that insertion of boron into hexatriyne-bridged thiophenes π-linker in NTPA-6 and NBBT-6 dyes traps some of the electrons to be transmitted to the acceptor moiety, which may account for low oscillation strengths observed for the dyes. This subsequently affects the light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and open current circuit (VOC), although, the fractions of electrons transmitted could probably take shorter time ( getting into the conduction band (CB) of semiconductor. The coupling constant (/VRP/) reveals influence on the rate of regeneration of the dyes. Also, slight lowering of EHOMO-ELUMO (ΔEg, eV) in respective NTPA dyes than NBBT dyes indicate more electrons are pushed by N-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-amine into the π-linker than N,N-diphenylthiophen-2-amine, and incorporation of fused thiophene and bridged thiophenes (except NTPA-6 and NBBT-6) improve the LHE dyes’s ability than PY-3N; thus hexatriyne-thiophene containing dyes exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties, making them good candidates for light absorption in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
As an alternative way to separation of biological molecules, silica coated magnetite ore particles were prepared through two step synthetic method including ball milling of iron ore powder followed by silica coating with Stöber method. As synthesized silica coated magnetic ore particles were composed mainly of magnetite and other accompanying minerals such as hematite and Al2O3, ZrO2. The particles were irregular in shape, with average size of 0.4 ± 0.3 µm as demonstrated with SEM. Field dependent magnetization showed that silica-coated magnetite ore particles are soft ferromagnet with coercivity of 320Oe and remanent magnetization of 2.26 emu/g. Using these particles, genomic DNA was successfully separated from E. coli with sufficient yield and purity comparable to those obtained with a commercial magnetic separation kit, demonstrating their potential for bioseparation from diverse biological sources.
3-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (HPC), a chromogenic reagent acting as an optical sensor for the metal to be determined and having a sensitive impact on the spectrophotometric Pd (II) determination in the organic phase, has been studied in the present investigation. The ideal conditions for complexation were depicted by the various statistical evidences for instance standard deviation (SD = ± 0.00184), Sandell’s sensitivity (S = 0.0055 μg cm-2), detection limit (LOD = 0.1122 μg mL-1) and regression coefficient (r = 0.9975). The attenuation coefficient of Pd (II)-HPC complex was 1.9159×104 L mol-1 cm-1 calculated at a wavelength range of 417-432 nm of the resulting stable binary yellow complex. Analytical findings support a square planar geometry of the investigated coordination complex. The theoretical studies for instance Density Functional Theory (DFT) have been conducted in order to enhance our comprehension about the complex's molecular geometry and its structural attributes. DFT, has a strong correlation with the analytical findings, proving that the studied complex behaves as a strong bioactive agent. The investigated complex was indeed subjected to antimicrobial and antioxidant studies, results of which reflected that the formed complex has a strong potential to act as a strong antimicrobial and a radical scavenging agent compared to ligand alone. Along with, the formed complex has been employed on commercial samples and has come out with remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision, under set conditions of the procedure.
This research investigates the phytochemical, antioxidant, thrombolytic, and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Solanum torvum (S. torvum). 42 bioactive chemicals were identified by phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The compounds included bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexadecanoic acid, and 2R-Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-4t-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-1t-cyclohexanol. S. torvum showed potent antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 124.7 μg/mL, and significant thrombolytic potential, displaying 78.10% clot lysis at 1000 μg/mL. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test on Swiss Albino mice, S. torvum at a 400 mg/kg dose greatly reduced writhing by 60%, similar to diclofenac-Na (50 mg/kg). Replace additionally, molecular docking studies revealed strong binding scores of key compounds to targets such as tissue plasminogen activator and COX-2. ADME/T analysis further suggested their drug-likeness, safety, and pharmacological potential. These findings substantiate the therapeutic value of S. torvum in medicinal research and drug development. This study is novel for its integrated approach, combining phytochemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo assays, and in silico modeling. It identifies 42 compounds in S. torvum leaves, many newly reported, and demonstrates strong thrombolytic and analgesic activities, supported by molecular docking, highlighting its drug development potential.
Now a days Cancer, Diabetics and other diseases are become major issue of the society. Due to this synthesis of potential medicines against it is a major challenge to the researcher and hence Schiff base ligand became an attracting class of researcher. The azo Schiff base ligands are most widely used in various fields such as medicinal, pharmacological, biological etc. due to its broad spectrum of biological activity. In this research paper we have synthesized the Azo-Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes by simple griding method. Synthesis via green approach and biological evolution of azo-Schiff base ligand and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and VO(II) metal complexes. These compounds were characterized by Mass, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, Elemental analysis, Molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, UV-Vis., P-XRD, TGA etc. and were screened for biological activities. Synthesised azo-Schiff base ligand and it’s metal complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antidiabetic as well as anticancer activities against various bacteria and fungi, acarbose and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line respectively. From the findings of various results we can conclude that the synthesized metal complexes exhibit higher biological activities than that of azo-Schiff base ligand.
Two dioxidovanadium(V) complexes have been prepared with dinitrogen atoms donor (ophenylenediamine (OPD) and dithiooxamide (DTO)) ligands. The cytotoxicity studies of the prepared complexes against the L20B cell line displays that they have moderate activity 15 against the L20B cell line. Then, the complexes were characterized by different spectral techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis., mass, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity. Finally, the spectral data were compared with the data obtained by 18 the DFT theoretical calculations. The obtained spectroscopic data confirmed that the two ligands are coordinated from the two amine groups and in cis-conformation with the two oxygen atoms. The experimental and theoretical calculations show that the two complexes 21 are mononuclear with proposed distorted octahedral structures. The complexes are very stable, the electronic energies are (-773.10 and -907.56 a.u.), the HOMO orbitals energies are (-0.386 and -0.504 a.u.), and the LUMO orbitals energies are (-0.213 and -0.421 a.u.) 24 for the complexes; respectively. The bond angles around the vanadium(V) atoms are in the range (69.44-91.36 A°), and the dihedral angles are in the range (111.22-161.94°). Calculations explained that the complexes are polarized (3.39-5.28) more than free ligands 27 (0.002-3.00). The electronic transition in the complex (2) (0.083) is less than for the complex (1) (0.173). After that, the findings showed that the two complexes have the feature of solubility in water rather than other anticancer compounds that lack such a property; even 30 though using different metal complexes like Platine complexes, etc. Thus, this feature will help researchers use such complexes in future studies.
In this article, we have taken the molecular graph of indium phosphide and line graph of subdivision graph of naphthalenic naphtalenicnano-sheet. Irregularity indices play an important role to describe the quantitative characterization of the non-regular graphs. In various problems and applications, particularly in the subject of chemistry and material engineering irregular indices have so many uses, thus it is very important to know about the irregularity of a molecular structure. Moreover, the evaluation of the irregularity of graphs is an important not only for QSPR and QSAR but also very effective for measuring the entropy, melting and boiling points, enthalpy of vaporization, and toxicity. We have also discussed the graphical behaviors of the above indicated structures.
This study assesses heavy metal contamination levels and health risks for residents living near the Bang Ban landfill and surrounding agricultural areas. A microwave digestion extraction method, an analysis through inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and health risk assessments for heavy metals, including cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, were conducted in accordance with United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Results indicated that cadmium levels in agricultural soil, as well as copper and nickel levels in landfill areas, exceeded the established standards. The sources of heavy metal contamination in the study area were primarily attributed to leachate from landfills and the application of chemicals in agricultural practices. While the health risks associated with heavy metal exposure leading to non-cancer-related diseases, as calculated through the Hazard Index, were within acceptable limits, the assessment of total carcinogenic risk indicated a potential risk.
This study investigates factors affecting tea production from the leaves of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) using a natural fermentation method. To evaluate the tea quality, key parameters such as tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity were monitored throughout the research. The study examined different factors, including leaf moisture loss prior to fermentation, the fermentation temperature and duration, the roasting temperature, and the final product moisture content. The results indicated that drying the leaves to 80% moisture content facilitated the natural fermentation process at 40°C for 5 h. Roasting the tea at 100°C to a final moisture of 8% maintained a stable content of tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol, and oxidation capacity.
