
终身教育的概念与理念,映射教育的理想主义与现实主义,决定了其理念快速被世界各国广泛认同,也决定了终身教育实践的目标和路径因各国国情和社会发展阶段而异。当下,终身教育在理念层面,已从乌托邦式的教育畅想转向了融合个体发展与社会治理的统整性教育变革思想;在实践层面,我国政策话语体系逐步完善,基本形成政府主导、省市县乡层层建设的中国特色终身教育实践形态。面向建设中国式现代化与教育强国的目标,我国终身教育的本土实践需要秉承“教育即终身教育”的大教育观,明确高质量教育体系的推进路径,将学习者各类学习经历认证为能力资本,探索建立一种衔接有效、开放协同、多元主体共同参与的治理机制。
减轻学业负担是教育民生的重要关注点.从近年减负政策文本中提取了以学生为"枢纽"的各方教育参与者的关联体系,进而以学习发生的时空和学习活动的限制性这两个维度,划分出由"家校分界线"和"学玩分界线"所分隔的学生学习时空分布区间.引入杜威的"一个经验"概念,阐述在社会加速时代学生的时间结构失序和学习行为异化的情况下,如何保卫"自由闲暇时空",以及如何理解其对学习者经验生长和内在秩序建设的重要性.以"必要的无知"来打开"潜在的知",这种辩证法开放出了减轻学生学业负担的可能性,也可能激发更丰富的教育的想象力.
本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,通过构建人力资本的CES生产函数,估计了父母养育投入与各阶段子女认知和非认知能力之间的非线性关系。研究发现:童年时期是父母养育投入的关键时期。父母养育投入对子女童年时期人力资本的形成带来显著正向影响,随着时间推移,这种效应逐渐降低。童年时期的父母养育投入对于子女青少年时期同样发挥了重要作用。区分不同类型的父母养育投入发现,在儿童早期认知和非认知能力的形成过程中,父母金钱投入的作用更大;而父母时间投入则在青少年时期人力资本发展中占据重要地位。异质性结果表明,父母养育投入能为弱势儿童带来有利影响。反事实模拟证明,早期并且持续若干时期增加父母养育投入能够较大提升子女认知和非认知能力水平。另外,父母养育投入也将有助于促进子女的长期发展。基于此,应通过实施旨在提高家庭教育质量的干预措施,帮助家长树立科学的教育理念,促进子女早期人力资本积累,助力我国从人口大国迈向人力资源强国。
建构中国特色高等教育评价体系,对推进高等教育治理现代化、建设高等教育强国意义重大。中国在高等教育督导和评价方面积累了一定经验,取得了明显成效。对照党的二十大提出的目标任务,对标建设高质量高等教育体系的新要求,高等教育督导和评价在评价标准、分类指导、体系优化、数字化转型等方面仍存在问题。建构中国特色高等教育评价体系,应在“中国特色”上下功夫,基于中国独特的历史、独特的文化、独特的国情,从价值理念、治理模式、改革方法论中寻找建构中国特色高等教育评价体系的底层逻辑,坚持价值引领、分类评价、问题导向、守正创新、数字化转型等五项基本原则,优化政府评价、规范社会评价、强化高等学校自主评价。
An accurate grasp of the changes in the school-age population is a crucial prerequisite for the rational allocation of compulsory education resources. Material,human and financial resources are important parts of the needed resources for compulsory education,and we can make an in-depth study of them according to the estimates of the size and rural-urban distribution of the school-aged population during the compulsory education phase based on the 7th National Population Census data. The research shows the results as follows:In cities and towns,the demanded number of students to be allowed in primary and lower secondary schools will reach a peak quickly,but drop off rapidly after the peak;in rural areas,the demanded number will continue to shrink;in response to the changes in the demanded number of students,lower secondary schools will face a short-term pressure to increase the demanded number of students,but the overall demand for students to receive compulsory education will continue to shrink;in particular,rural areas urgently need to solve such problems as the use of empty school buildings and the reuse of material resources;the allocation of teacher resources will face alternating shortage and surplus,as well as a structural shortage of music,sports and art teachers;and the pressure on public finance to meet the needs for school funds will continue until the peak of the school-age population. In response to the changing school-age population and the need for high-quality educational development,the government needs to plan and lay out the allocation of educational resources in advance based on the orientation towards adequacy,equity and efficiency so as to ensure the achievement of educational modernization.