The NATO Architecture Framework is a standardised approach for developing and describing Enterprise Architecture in both military and business contexts across North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Member States. This document of the Atlantic Alliance provides a comprehensive methodology, viewpoints, and a metamodel to guide architecture development. However, the current metamodel lacks sufficiently mature mechanisms, such as Key Performance Indicators, to effectively support the monitoring and evaluation of strategic and operational goal achievement.A well-designed set of Key Performance Indicators integrated into the NATO Architecture Framework could establish clear targets for collaborative entities, define milestones to measure progress, and generate actionable insights that facilitate informed decision-making at all organisational levels. Key Performance Indicators can also be directly linked to Enterprise Architecture artefacts and methodologies, creating a robust framework to evaluate the alignment between architectural components and strategic goals. By incorporating Key Performance Indicators into NATO Architecture Framework artefacts, organisations can more effectively assess the effectiveness and performance of individual architectural elements, ensuring these elements contribute meaningfully to the organisation's overall goals.This integration supports ongoing performance monitoring, enables benchmarking, and guides evidence-based adjustments to Enterprise Architecture design and implementation. The benchmarks derived from Key Performance Indicators can address internal, external, and overarching performance. This paper examines the structure and organisation of the NATO Architecture Framework and its components, demonstrating how incorporating Key Performance Indicators can enhance their effectiveness. Using a case study, the research shows how Key Performance Indicators enhance the quality, adaptability, and relevance of the NATO Architecture Framework. The findings suggest that integrating Key Performance Indicators ensures that NAF and the resulting Enterprise Architecture remain aligned with evolving organisational requirements and strategic priorities, increasing their value for military and business applications.
In today's volatile markets, supply chain agility (SCA) and innovation play pivotal roles in enhancing adaptability, resilience, and competitive advantage. While some studies suggest agility sparks innovation by enabling rapid adaptation, others argue that innovation—through disruptive technologies and processes—drives agility. However, the bidirectional relationship between SCA and innovation remains conceptually fragmented, with inconsistent empirical evidence on causality. This paper fills that gap with a novel conceptual framework highlighting a dynamic feedback loop where innovation acts as both catalyst and outcome of agile capabilities. Through a theory-driven model-building approach grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), we synthesize and adapt existing literature to create new theoretical linkages. Our framework demonstrates how firms can strategically harness agility-driven innovation and innovation-fueled agility to sustain competitive advantage in turbulent environments. The insights offer significant theoretical contributions and practical guidance for managers aiming to boost resilience, responsiveness, and continuous innovation in their SCs.
Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) proposed three value configurations; the value shop, the value chain and the value network based on Thompson’s (1967) three technologies as a typology. However, that Thompson’s technologies constitute a typology has been criticized (cf Barbini and Neri, 2017). Also, research has highlighted increased shifts in value configurations and hybrid forms. Thus, the question arises: how can value configurations be classified and along what dimensions, in order to facilitate analysis of hybrid forms and changes between value configurations? This paper expands on the current literature on value configurations to provide a deeper understanding of how they can be classified, particularly in the context of contemporary organizations that utilize hybrid forms of value configurations and transition between them. A value configuration map is proposed where the value configurations are positioned along three key dimensions facilitating hybrid position and transition analysis.
The phenomenon of innovation, analyzed from the perspective of internal organizational capabilities, becomes accessible through strategic decisions and configurations established by management to enhance corporate performance. In the manufacturing sector, innovation capability (IC) is a critical factor, as it facilitates competitiveness through the development and refinement of products and business processes. This literature review aims to understand the dimensions and application of the term “Innovation Capability” (IC) by identifying the tools used for its measurement and comparison in a comprehensive analysis of studies conducted in the manufacturing industry. To achieve this, a review of academic records published between 2018 and 2023 was conducted, utilizing Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, following PRISMA methodology guidelines. A total of 98 documents focused on the study of IC in manufacturing companies were identified. The reviewed documents collectively analyze IC through nine thematic axes and provide tools for its measurement. Based on the observed results in the records, a framework is proposed that synthesizes the variables related to measuring IC in organizations. This study proposes a novel framework that synthesizes the nine thematic axes for measuring IC in manufacturing, addressing the limitations of previous reviews by integrating organizational, environmental, and technological dimensions. Furthermore, it highlights opportunities for future research to explore and apply the identified instruments in other industries and contexts.
This paper proposes a novel data-driven roadmapping (DD-R) framework to improve stakeholder coordination across disaster management (DM) phases. The framework positions data as a dynamic, unifying element within roadmapping to address fragmentation in traditional DM. The framework is illustrated and tested for its applicability in disaster contexts through analysis of the 2023 Türkiye Earthquake. The case analysis demonstrates the potential of the framework for strengthening stakeholder collaborations that are key to enabling agile resource orchestration, inclusive decision-making, and social innovation. Policymakers and practitioners are encouraged to adopt this integrative approach to strengthen adaptive capacities through integrated data flows, providing a scalable tool for building collaborative resilience. The paper concludes with a summary of the study's contributions, its limitations, and suggestions for future research.
Digital transformation has been the latest uptake in service development, and many private and public services are being moved from physical services to digital ones. At the same time, new services are being developed directly as digital services. Citizens can often decide whether to adopt the service in the private sector. Still, in the public sector, there is an inherent mandate that the service needs to be adopted, or the citizen may lack a vital service in their life. This means that public service designers need to consider the needs and requirements of different citizens when developing or updating public services, especially in a digital format. Citizens' different demographics and backgrounds will affect how they accept new services and whether they will adopt them. This paper aims to explore the challenges and barriers in digital public service adoption and propose the use of a service blueprint to provide a service design and development template for public administrations to alleviate the challenges of acceptance and adoption. The service blueprint will incorporate best practices and recommendations gathered from literature and end-users through surveys and interviews in the H2020 IMPULSE project.
This letter addresses the need to better align sustainability innovations with critical enabling resources—namely technology, workforce capabilities, and regulatory mechanisms—under a unified global vision for sustainable development. An integrated strategic framework, grounded in research literature, real-life cases and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is developed outlining the interconnectivity across human-techno-policy resources for supporting product, process, and organizational innovations in the textile industry. We contend that greater awareness and understanding on how the design and use of different critical resources in more sustainable ways can foster both the industry’s SDG contributions and its economic viability. Several recommendations are provided on how sustainability principles can be embodied in the use of critical resources that will lead to more inclusive product innovation, agile process innovations and robust organisational systems.
The author regrets that an error has occurred. In the following sentence: “Despite this, interesting experimental innovation and management research has been conducted online (Burmeister-Lamp et al., 2012; Hsu et al., 2017; Wooten & Ulrich, 2017).” the author incorrectly characterized the study by Burmeister-Lamp et al. (2012), and, by association, Hsu et al. as having been conducted online. This was a misinterpretation on the author's part. Upon revisiting the original articles and personal notes, the author realized that had mistakenly inferred an online setting from the use of z-tree unleashed rather than the LAN version of z-tree. This inference was incorrect, and the studies were not conducted as online experiments. (read more in the pdf)
Studies indicate that the knowledge management (KM) process, innovation capability, and performance are interrelated. However, prior literature is not conclusive regarding the implications derived from this relationship. Moreover, knowledge about the factors that influence this causal link remains limited. From the perspective of the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), this article explores the mediating role of the interactive use of Management Control Systems (MCS) and innovation capability in the relationship between the KM process and SMEs' performance. We conducted a positivist, explanatory, and non-experimental study using data collected through self-administered surveys to 389 managers in Colombia and Spain. A multiple mediation model was applied to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal a direct and significant effect of the KM process on the interactive use of MCS and innovation capability. However, the impact of these variables on performance was not significant, nor were the indirect effects. This study is novel because it contributes to the literature by demonstrating that, as in large organizations, the KM process is a key factor in strengthening innovation within the SMEs context. Furthermore, this research is one of the first to link the interactive use of MCS with the KM process, incorporating the reduction of uncertainty, a characteristic of organizational knowledge, as one of the objectives of management control. The positive effect of the interactive use of MCS on SMEs’ innovation capability suggests that their strategic flexibility supports their ability to learn and adapt.
Recent developments in modern artificial intelligence (AI) have driven profound changes in public sector human resource management systems, offering remarkable opportunities alongside intricate challenges. Governments across the globe are progressively integrating AI tools to modernize HR operations, enhance workforce planning, and respond to evolving socio-economic demands. This research utilizes the PRISMA framework for systematic literature review to explore the role of AI in transforming government HR practices. By analyzing 47 peer-reviewed articles published from 2019 to 2023, the study identifies five central themes: ethical and governance models for AI in public administration; AI’s influence on HR functions and organizational behavior; implementation barriers and potential benefits; AI applications in digital governance and policy formulation; and innovations in HR technologies driven by big data. The findings highlight critical success factors such as strong data infrastructure, structured employee training initiatives, and well-defined ethical standards. Key challenges identified include concerns around data privacy, biased algorithms, workforce adaptation, and wider societal implications like employment shifts and changing competency needs. The study underscores the importance of: (1) adaptive regulatory frameworks that support innovation while safeguarding public interest; (2) robust data governance strategies to manage confidentiality and cybersecurity risks; (3) tailored training programs aimed at improving AI understanding among government staff; and (4) collaborative efforts across sectors to promote ethical AI adoption and mitigate socio-economic disruptions.
The purpose of the work is to determine the important competencies of transfer office employees from the point of view of stimulating social innovations and ways of their development in the behavioural economy ecosystem. The activities carried out were aimed at gaining knowledge on the modelling of practices and tools for developing the competence of support staff used by universities, including universities with a high international reputation in the international arena. For this purpose, the Higher School of Business – National Louis University based in Nowy Sacz was invited to cooperate. The university operates on the basis of the Cloud Academy™ management system. University authorities and the Institute for Research and Commercialization of National Louis University Ltd. participated in the data analysis. Creation of a comprehensive questionnaire for benchmarking universities has involved considering various aspects of their performance, goals, and challenges. Benchmarking typically involves comparing organisation performance, processes, and outcomes with those of other institutions to identify areas of improvement. Comparative analysis benchmarking recommendations had provided solutions based on identified good practices, rated highest by experts, which has allowed to create the indicators for measurement of competencies of transfer office staff for their further development. The proposed solution fits into the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Knowledge Triangle Model, covering activities in the field of education, innovation and business creation, that should help organizations develop based on the best practices identified in this field.
Experimental research is essential for understanding causal relationships, yet its application in innovation management research, particularly in studying behavioral aspects, has been limited. While there are some studies that approach these aspects experimentally, a systematic framework for designing experimental research in innovation management is still missing. Scholars often resort to guides from other disciplines, but a tailored guide that encapsulates the necessary steps for conducting experimental behavioral research in innovation management is absent. This gap is notable, as the absence of such a guide can lead to ambiguity in executing experiments with the required rigor, replicability, reliability, and falsifiability. This methodological manuscript addresses this gap by providing clear guidelines on designing experiments focused on understanding behavior in innovation management. It underscores the suitability of experimental methods for answering research questions about causality and introduces seven critical considerations for conducting robust experimental investigations. Throughout the document, practical examples illustrate how these considerations can be applied. By doing so, this manuscript significantly contributes to innovation management research. It offers a novel perspective on scientifically investigating and measuring behavioral aspects in this field using experimental research designs.
Currently, it is quite easy to fake being someone else on the internet, as a credit card number or a personal identity (PID) number is often used as a personal identifier. The numbers are provided to websites by users, so knowing someone’s PID number opens the door for identity theft and fraud, which have become sorrowfully common. This article examines how PID can be secured and managed in a multiparty situation, i.e. across various organizational boundaries. To understand the problems and possible solutions, we conduct a conceptual and reconstructive analysis of the Finnish PID number and its renewal initiative. We propose three types of identity: public identity, organizational identity, and institutional identity. We suggest roles and responsibilities for their management in an identity verification network to support the management of digital PIDs across various boundaries.
Sustainability orientation enables businesses to align with social responsibility, leading to a competitive advantage through new product development innovativeness. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between sustainability orientation and new product development innovativeness. In addition, the study investigates the antecedents of new product development innovativeness as well as the critical factors that promote it. This quantitative study obtained 237 valid samples from micro and small technology enterprises. Data was empirically examined employing a dual-stage Structural Equation Modelling – Artificial Neural Network (SEM-ANN) predictive-analytics. The findings revealed that sustainability orientation has no direct effect on new product development innovativeness but the relationship is mediated by market knowledge competence and technological capability. In addition, the Artificial Neural Network analysis indicated that market knowledge competence is the most essential factor, followed by technological capability. Theoretically, this contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship with empirical evidence of a relationship between sustainability orientation and new product development innovativeness. This study builds on dynamic capability theory to uncover the importance of market knowledge competence and technological capability in new product development. Market knowledge competence and technological capability are found to improve new product development innovativeness, while opportunity recognition and sustainability orientation display no significant effect. Micro and small technology enterprises should concentrate on understanding consumer preferences and implementing innovative solutions. Customer preference may take precedence over resource efficiency, emphasising the importance of good groundwork in customer communication.
The proliferation of Living Labs in the past decades has generated a great variety of definitions, practices, and research in different fields. Particularly, applications in the cultural and heritage field have increased in the past decades, which is in line with the emergence of a participatory turn in the sector. However, existing literature mainly focuses on the characteristics of Living Labs rather than their processes, fuelling existing issues related to first-time approachability, replicability, participation, and evaluation. Through a systematic interdisciplinary literature review of general Living Labs definitions and field-specific applications, this research aims to develop a process-based definition that encompasses steps, key elements, and objectives of Living Labs and addresses these challenges. By doing so, it brings four main contributions: first, it advances the theoretical modelling of Living Labs incorporating the perspective of cultural practices. Second, it proposes a practical model of Living Labs to be adopted and adapted across cultural fields – and beyond – to set-up and implement Living Labs. Third, it raises awareness of Living Labs’ potential for the development of sustainable and transformative participatory practices in the cultural heritage field. Last, it identifies the potential contribution of Cultural Living Labs’ experiences to addressing challenges of replicability, participation, and evaluation for the greater interdisciplinary Living Labs field. Future research can test the use of this model in guiding first-time Cultural Living Labs users’ practices and subsequently inform the further refinement of the model.
This essay examines the shifting nature of decision-making in generative AI environments through a teaching-focused perspective, grounded in real classroom experiences at IIT Delhi. Incorporating interviews, classroom discussions, and foundational theories from consumer behavior and cognitive psychology, the authors explore how individuals interact with AI-generated content under constraints such as time, energy, and situational context. The analysis reveals how users alternate between "satisficing" and "optimizing" strategies based on the stakes involved, cognitive effort required, and social factors. Drawing on Herbert Simon’s concept of bounded rationality, the study illustrates how AI systems can both expand decision complexity and improve efficiency. Student experiences with tools like ChatGPT bring to light common cognitive patterns—anchoring bias, trade-off reasoning, social influences, and mixed use of compensatory and non-compensatory decision strategies. These insights suggest that while AI reshapes the decision-making process, it cannot supplant human judgment. Recognizing these cognitive tendencies can help both users and designers foster more deliberate, context-aware interactions with AI tools.
This study discusses the mental health issues and offerings in the context of entrepreneurship where the nature of work is uniquely demanding and fraught with difficulties, risks, and uncertainties. We examined the mental health issues experienced by different types of entrepreneurs, including full-time versus hybrid entrepreneurs, necessity-driven versus opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, family business entrepreneurs versus non-family business entrepreneurs, and social versus profit-driven entrepreneurs. We also discuss a set of targeted mental health offerings which can help different types of entrepreneurs to address the negative effect of the stress associated with establishing and managing an enterprise. Our study offers a series of important recommendations to policy makers and providers of consulting and coaching services regarding how to cultivate a munificent venture creation environment wherein the mental health issues experienced by entrepreneurs are alleviated.
The metaverse is poised to significantly transform how humans experience cyberspace, necessitating novel approaches to defining digital identity. Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) has emerged as a potential solution for designing an identity layer for the metaverse, with proof-of-concept models for decentralized access currently under discussion among scholars and technologists. Adopting a socio-technical perspective, this paper examines the values that should underpin digital identity solutions for the metaverse. The analysis highlights control over identity and interoperability as fundamental components of any viable identity solution in this context. Using Value Sensitive Design as an analytical framework, the paper evaluates two proposals for applying SSI to the metaverse. While these proposals advocate for decentralized identification methods that facilitate cross-platform access, they also encounter challenges related to usability and achieving fully interoperable services across metaverse platforms.
Creativity and innovation are vital components for organisations and cities to thrive. Richard Florida proposed a framework for regional development, putting creative individuals (the ‘Creative Class’) at the centre and linking them with three key elements for success, namely talent, technology and tolerance (the 3Ts).Used by policymakers around the world to develop their regional strategy, the importance of this group of creative individuals cannot be underestimated. Understanding them will help attracting them, which will contribute to regional development. However, knowledge on their characteristics, differences, and perceptions is lacking.Therefore, this study researches the Creative Class, gathering insights on their backgrounds and asking about their satisfaction and perceptions of the 3Ts. Through an online survey in Qualtrics targeting people working in creative occupations in Limburg, Belgium, this study examines possible correlations between intrapreneurship, satisfaction with the job or region and the 3Ts using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Next, this research offers new insights into how different demographic and professional subgroups perceive the 3Ts through running T-tests, ANOVA and their non-parametric equivalents. All analyses were run in SPSS. Quantitative analyses reveal correlations and differences in personal and work contexts linked to differences in perceptions of the 3Ts. Through this comprehensive analysis, a deeper understanding of the interplay between creativity, personal backgrounds, and individual perceptions of the expanded 3T model is achieved. The results highlight the importance of measuring the 3Ts through personal perceptions, revealing distinct differences within the Creative Class. Acknowledging the diversity of the Creative Class, this research aims to show how individual backgrounds and job context may shape perceptions of the expanded 3T framework. By showing their impact on the 3Ts, this study emphasises the value of incorporating personal and work context measures when examining the Creative Class.
Developing and deploying inclusive digital public services is one of the EU's key digital targets. Digital Inclusion in the context of public services implies that all people moving and living within Europe, irrespective of their economic, social and cultural capital, can benefit from the use of digital public services. Indeed, inclusive digital public services can also be a lever for social inclusion, if digital services are delivered with a high quality, as highlighted in the research literature. This article therefore analyses, on the basis of a pan-European survey, how the design and delivery of public services could be made more inclusive. In particular, it assesses how vulnerable groups behave in relation to digital public services and what technical and non-technical measures could contribute to digital inclusion. Using the example of an eID management solution that was developed as part of an Horizon 2020 research project, the authors critically discuss the extent to which an SSI-based eID solution can make digital public services more inclusive.
