Introduction: This study aims to explore the quality of life (QoL) of family caregivers for patients with neurocognitive disorders in Oman. Understanding the experiences of these caregivers is crucial for developing effective support programs and interventions. The research aims to identify factors influencing caregiver well-being and to propose strategies to enhance their caregiving experience. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2022 among 117 primary family caregivers recruited from the memory clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. To assess caregiver QoL and depression levels, the validated Caregiver of People with Dementia Quality of Life and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instruments were administered, respectively. Dementia severity was evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. SPSS was used for data analysis, including comparisons of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: The study found that the overall QoL of dementia family caregivers was high, with an overall relative importance index of 71%. Among the various dimensions assessed, "caregiverpatient relationship" emerged as the most significant, while "feeling supported" received the lowest score. Regarding sociodemographic variables, male caregivers, those who are married, employed, and have monthly incomes exceeding 600 OMR (1558$) exhibited significantly higher QoL scores. A significant negative correlation was found between caregiver depression and QoL. Conclusion: The study concludes that dementia caregivers in Oman experience a high QoL. The study highlights a concerning link between caregiver depression and QoL, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve support for caregivers.
Introduction: Population aging is a global demographic trend that presents significant challenges, including the loss of muscle mass, which compromises quality of life. In this scenario, nutritional supplements are effective in maintaining and restoring the health of the elderly population. Recently, Cerrado fruits, such as buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), have gained prominence in the food industry due to their high nutritional value and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study involved twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice (7 per group), which received specific diets for 8 weeks: a standard AIN93-M control diet, AIN93-M with whey protein, and AIN93-M supplemented with a buriti (Mauritia flexuosa)- based hyperproteic formulation. The study aimed to compare the muscular and metabolic effects of buriti supplementation with those of conventional whey protein in aged mice. Body composition, serum biochemical parameters, gastrocnemius muscle morphology (ultrasound and histology), and grip strength performance were comprehensively evaluated to assess the functional and metabolic impact of both supplements. Results: The buriti-based supplement induced improvements in body composition and muscle function, as evidenced by increased HDL concentrations, elevated total protein, and hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, which collectively contributed to enhanced strength and overall metabolic performance. Discussion: Buriti-based hyperproteic supplement improved the metabolic parameters compared to Whey. Conclusion: The study concluded that buriti showed promising therapeutic potential, helping to maintain weight, strength, and muscle performance, and could be an alternative or complement to milk protein.
INTRODUCTION:Randomized multidomain trials have established that cognitive decline requires coordinated action across modifiable contributors, but routine care lacks delivery infrastructure. We evaluated real-world cognitive trajectories in older adults receiving uMETHOD Health clinical decision support system (CDSS)-guided care plans and assessed whether this multidomain approach could be operationalized in routine care. METHODS:This retrospective, nonrandomized implementation-and-outcomes study analyzed the complete eligible paired cohort: individuals with CDSS-guided care plans and two valid sameinstrument cognitive assessments ≥6 months apart. No additional selection was made by outcome, adherence, or trajectory. The CDSS integrates EHR-derived diagnoses, medications, biomarkers, vital signs, genomics, and lifestyle factors through expert clinical rules with constrained AI support to generate individualized clinician-, patient-, and caregiver-facing plans. RESULTS:Favorable cognitive trajectories were observed in 294 of 345 matched assessment pairs (85.2%) over a mean follow-up of 14.1 months. Assessments used seven validated instruments; mean age was 74.6 years, and baseline medication use was 11.7 medications/patient. Favorable trajectories included 83.5% stable, improved, or minor decline without diagnostic progression and 1.7% slower-than-expected decline on benchmarked instruments (MoCA, MMSE, or SAGE). DISCUSSION:The CDSS served as an implementation layer, translating multidomain evidence into prioritized, patient-specific next-best actions within ordinary clinical workflows. This positions multidomain cognitive management as a scalable, routine-care activity rather than a researchonly protocol. CONCLUSION:Multidomain cognitive management was made executable in routine practice, with favorable trajectories observed in 85.2% of paired assessments. The practical implication is immediate: evidence-based cognitive management can be operationalized now at the point of care.
Screening for cervical cancer using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has reduced morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. However, anatomical and hormonal changes with age make diagnosis more complex in elderly women. This narrative review used a structured literature search of databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from 2010 to 2024. It included studies related to the impact of age on cervical cytology and HPV prevalence, the importance of cervical sampling adequacy, the diagnostic difficulties encountered in postmenopausal women, and the use of adjunctive cervical screening methods such as liquid-based cytology (LBC), high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA testing, and topical estrogen therapy. Clinical practice guidelines from various organizations, including ACS, USPSTF, and WHO, were also reviewed. Studies have shown that menopause-related estrogen deficiency causes atrophy, reduced cellularity, and transformation zone (TZ) recession, resulting in a high number of unsatisfactory smears and false-positive interpretations that may mask HSIL. Although HPV prevalence decreases with age, persistent and re-emerging high-risk HPV types among older women are strongly associated with CIN2+. Both HR-HPV testing and LBC have demonstrated higher sensitivity for detecting cervical lesions in postmenopausal women compared with conventional cytology. Evidence also indicates that short-term topical estrogen therapy facilitates transformation zone visualization and improves sample adequacy. Gaps in screening persist among women aged 65 and older. To optimize cervical cancer prevention in this aging demographic, it is important to develop individualized cervical screening strategies that take into consideration hormone status, high-risk HPV persistence, and improved diagnostic techniques to strengthen the protection of elderly women who remain at risk.
Sarcopenia, the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age, represents a major contributor to frailty, disability, and reduced quality of life in the elderly. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial, encompassing cellular, molecular, and systemic alterations. Mechanistically, sarcopenia is driven by satellite cell dysfunction, impaired regenerative capacity, mitochondrial decline, chronic low-grade inflammation, neuromuscular junction instability, and dysregulated proteostasis involving the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy- lysosome systems. Additional factors such as hormonal decline, oxidative stress, altered myokine signaling, and fiber-type transitions further exacerbate skeletal muscle atrophy. These interlinked processes collectively result in impaired muscle plasticity, reduced contractile strength, and progressive degeneration of type II fibers. Given the complexity of its mechanisms, nutritional interventions, particularly dietary supplements and natural products, have attracted considerable attention as potential modulators of sarcopenia. Hence, in the present study, the literature was scanned using standard databases and keywords related to 'natural products and diet used in sarcopenia' to identify research papers and reviews that were reviewed to compile the present review. It was found that some bioactive compounds, including polyphenols (such as resveratrol and curcumin), flavonoids (such as quercetin and catechins), omega-3 fatty acids, essential amino acids, and plant-derived adaptogens, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial- protective effects. These nutraceuticals not only counteract oxidative and inflammatory damage but also enhance anabolic signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and neuromuscular stability, thereby supporting muscle preservation and functional recovery. Emerging evidence suggests that combining such natural compounds with adequate protein intake and exercise may synergistically mitigate sarcopenia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. This review consolidates current mechanistic insights into sarcopenia and critically evaluates the role of dietary supplements and natural products as promising, safe, and accessible interventions. Understanding the interplay between molecular pathways and nutritional modulation provides a foundation for developing effective strategies to combat age-related muscle decline.
INTRODUCTION:As populations in developed countries continue to age, the shrinking workforce and rising dependency ratios pose a threat to productivity and economic stability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between aging, workforce participation, and economic growth, with a special emphasis on how healthcare systems and workforce-specific strategies, such as ergonomic adaptation, lifelong retraining, workplace healthcare delivery, and addressing societal misconceptions about aging, can mitigate premature workforce exit. METHODS:A narrative review was conducted using international reports, policy analyses, and empirical studies from OECD countries. Comparative approaches were applied to examine workforce-oriented interventions and healthcare models, with a special focus on the sections "Policy Responses to Aging" and "Workforce Sustainability and Prevention", as well as "Healthy Aging Strategies". RESULTS:Findings indicate that robust healthcare systems enhance the functional capacity of older adults; however, this alone is insufficient to sustain productivity. Policies that integrate ergonomic adjustments into job design, opportunities for lifelong learning and retraining, workplace-based healthcare programs, and interventions targeting negative perceptions of aging significantly enhance workforce retention. Evidence from Germany, Japan, and Scandinavian countries suggests that combining healthcare investment with proactive workforce management can reduce premature retirement and maintain higher levels of labor participation. DISCUSSION:These findings highlight the critical interdependence between healthcare systems and labor market dynamics in aging societies. While a strong healthcare infrastructure supports the functional capacity of older adults, sustainable productivity requires the integration of ergonomic redesign, continuous learning, and workplace adaptability. Comparative evidence from OECD countries demonstrates that combining medical and policy measures yields superior outcomes. However, the diversity of healthcare financing models and cultural contexts limits the ability to make full generalizations. CONCLUSION:Sustainable economic growth in the face of demographic transitions requires aligning healthcare policy with workforce-specific strategies. Ergonomic redesign, lifelong learning, workplace healthcare delivery, and cultural change regarding aging are as critical as medical care in enabling older adults to remain active contributors to society. Together, these integrated approaches offer a roadmap for developed nations to balance demographic pressures with economic resilience.
Introduction/ Objective: Menopause and the decrease in estrogen levels have numerous negative effects on sleep quality and mental health in women, potentially leading to anxiety and irritability. Non-pharmacological treatments have gained attention as alternative methods for improving sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) with or without lavender aroma on sleep quality in post-menopausal women. METHODS:This randomized controlled trial (RCT), double-blind, enrolled 135 eligible menopausal women from health centers in Hamadan, Iran, between 2022 and 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: CBGT with placebo, CBGT with lavender aroma, and a control group. The intervention consisted of eight 60-90-minute CBGT sessions over one month for the first two groups, with placebo or lavender aroma administered. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS:Participants had a mean age of 60.1 ± 5.9 years and a menopause duration of 3.1 ± 1.2 years. In the CBT with lavender group, 79.1% achieved good sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5) postintervention (p = 0.001), with significant improvements in subjective sleep quality (p = 0.001), sleep duration (p = 0.001), and sleep efficiency (p = 0.001), and reductions in sleep latency (p = 0.001) and sleep disturbances (p = 0.001). No significant improvements were observed in the CBT with placebo or control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Combining CBGT with lavender aromatherapy is an effective nonpharmacological approach to improve sleep quality in menopausal women, potentially reducing reliance on pharmacotherapy and its associated side effects.
INTRODUCTION:Aging affects muscle mass, bone mineral density, and fat tissue, causing changes in body composition. Preserving muscle mass, as well as muscle function and strength, is important for individuals to be independent in daily life activities and to be able to do their work in old age. The current study aimed to determine the changes that may occur in fractalkine levels in sarcopenic individuals. METHODS:The research was conducted between April and October 2024 on individuals aged 60 and over who applied to the Geriatrics Polyclinics of SBU Konya City Hospital and agreed to participate in the research. The groups in the study were composed of healthy controls, probable sarcopenic, sarcopenic, and severe sarcopenic patients. RESULTS:A significant decrease was determined in both muscle mass and hand grip strength in sarcopenic patients compared to healthy controls. At the same time, sarcopenic patients have low fractalkine values. DISCUSSION:The results of the current study indicate that sarcopenic patients experience significant decreases in physical performance due to a decline in muscle mass. In addition, suppression was detected in the values of fractalkine, a myokine secreted from muscle, in the patients in question. CONCLUSION:The study's results show that decreasing muscle mass with age causes a significant decrease in serum fractalkine levels.
Specifically, microplastics are defined as those particles that measure less than 5 millimeters in diameter. Certainly, microplastic particles are now present in the global environment. It has been observed that they are present in the air that we breathe, the water that we drink, and the food that we eat. Recent research studies revealed that microplastic particles are also present in the human body. Currently, new evidence has shown that microplastic particles are not only widespread but also responsible for causing various types of biological damage. The biological damage caused by microplastic particles includes oxidative stress, effects on cell energy metabolism, promotion of inflammation, and effects on the immune system, all of which are associated with aging. Recent research has identified that microplastic particles are present in various parts of the human body, including the placenta, blood, lungs, and brain. Furthermore, microplastics have been associated with causing various forms of age-related diseases, as well as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and reproductive diseases. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize current knowledge regarding microplastics and aging while acknowledging existing knowledge gaps. Future research should focus on improving exposure assessment methods and conducting long-term human studies to better understand the potential role of microplastics in aging and age-related diseases.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, significantly affecting the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Current therapeutic options primarily focus on symptomatic relief, with limited effectiveness in addressing the underlying pathophysiology. Recent advancements in gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), offer promising opportunities to enhance stem cell therapy for AD. This review explores the potential of gene editing to target genetic risk factors associated with AD, such as APOE4 (Apolipoprotein E) and TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2), and to improve the differentiation and functionality of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from AD patients. By creating more accurate disease models and humanized animal systems, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of AD and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies. Moreover, combining gene editing with stem cell therapy may facilitate cell replacement therapies and the development of exosome-based treatments that modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuroprotection. Despite the promise of these approaches, challenges, such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency, and ethical considerations, remain significant hurdles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, emphasizing the potential of gene editing technologies to revolutionize stem cell therapy for AD and improve patient outcomes.
Abstract: Hearing loss is a prevalent condition affecting over 500 million people globally, with projections estimating more than 700 million cases by 2050. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential in audiology, enhancing diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation outcomes. This review explores the applications of AI in hearing aids, cochlear implants, sign language recognition, and tele-audiology. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and other academic databases. Relevant studies on AI-driven advancements in audiology were analyzed, focusing on hearing aid technologies, cochlear implants, diagnostics, and tele-audiology platforms. AI technologies significantly enhance hearing aids through real-time personalization and adaptive algorithms. Cochlear implants leverage AI for improved speech recognition and listening comfort. AI-powered sign language systems facilitate communication through real-time gestureto- text conversions, while tele-audiology expands care access using AI-enabled platforms. Diagnostic advancements include AI-enhanced audiometric testing and otoscopy. AI is revolutionizing hearing healthcare by providing personalized, efficient, and accessible solutions. Its integration into audiology represents a paradigm shift, offering significant improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life.
OBJECTIVE:Disrupted Brain dynamics are implicated in delirium. We aimed to better understand the characteristics of functional brain activity as a model for delirium. METHODS:Measurement of functional brain connectivity at rest and during task-based activities in acutely delirious patients in a convenience sample of patients with delirium versus controls. Dynamic jumps between discrete brain states were modelled using the hidden Markov modelling (HMM), an analytical framework that posits the existence of distinct states. Fractional occupancy (FO); the percentage (%) of time any state was active, lifetime; the average time in a given state and switchrate; number of switches per minute, were calculated during rest and task. RESULTS:Eleven patients were recruited, six had delirium. In the delirious group, 3 were female and the average age was 81 years. In the non-delirious group, 3 were female and the average age was 82 years. Fractional occupancy was no different between delirious and controls across the 10 canonical states (range p=0.09-0.89). Lifetime state dwell time was no different between delirium and controls (range of p=0.11-0.96). The switchrate between all states was no different between delirious cases and controls at rest (6.76 vs. 6.71; p=0.1) and during task (7.26 vs. 7.92; p=0.71). Delirium severity and switchrate correlation was r=-0.29; p=0.39. CONCLUSION:A functional MRI paradigm including incorporation of novel task state has shown proof of principle in delirium. Whilst there has been previously shown to be hierarchical dissolution during delirium, there was no difference in functional brain activity shown in this study. The study was approved by the Metro North Reviewing Ethics Committee [Ref No: HREC/17/QRBW/622].
Despite abundant research on falls in older adults, studies on the memory of falls are rare. Important issues not yet addressed include how older adults remember falls and whether these memories shape their life stories. Hence, a review was carried out in line with PRISMA guidelines. The present paper describes the MEMFA (MEMory of Falls in Aging) hypothesis, which we formulated to explain why older adults successfully integrate some memories of falls, but not others, into their life stories. According to the MEMFA hypothesis, memories of falls in older adults are highly specific and vivid, trigger-reliving, and often have negative emotional valence. These characteristics, especially the negative emotional valence, when mediated by anxiety and/or depression, hinder the ability of older adults to extract meaning from falls, resulting in the unsuccessful integration of these memories and, ultimately, a fear of falling. By providing a framework for studying the memory of falls, the MEMFA hypothesis will give rise to new insights into the psychological well-being of older adults and inform future interventions.
Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This review aims to explore the therapeutic landscape of PD, focusing on dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic treatment strategies, as well as recent advancements and future directions in managing the disease. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, covering studies published up to 2025. The review focused on epidemiological trends, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies related to PD. Results: PD affects approximately 1-2% of individuals over 60 years of age, with its prevalence expected to rise globally. Motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor are wellrecognized, but non-motor symptoms remain underdiagnosed. Dopaminergic therapies, including levodopa and dopamine agonists, are effective in symptom management but are associated with long-term complications. Non-dopaminergic approaches, such as MAO-B inhibitors, amantadine, anticholinergics, and deep brain stimulation, offer additional symptom control. Emerging strategies include gene therapy, immunotherapy, and neuroprotective agents targeting disease modification. Discussion: While current treatments provide symptomatic relief, they do not halt disease progression. A multidimensional therapeutic approach combining dopaminergic and nondopaminergic strategies is necessary. Advances in molecular genetics and biomarker discovery hold promise for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, the need for more targeted, disease-modifying therapies remains a major challenge. Conclusion: This review underscores the importance of integrating traditional and emerging therapies for comprehensive PD management. Future research should focus on genetic insights, early detection, and innovative therapeutics to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Dementia has been highlighted as one of the key diagnoses among elderly people. This study seeks to review the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. A comprehensive review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the keywords in the search query were directed towards managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. Areas noted in relation to this study were understanding the effects on management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. It was discovered that 88% of the population of Ghana and 90% of the population of South Africa do not have an idea about dementia. Health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa are not provided with the knowledge they need to take care of dementia patients. There is a high prevalence rate of dementia in Africa, with a probability of having over 200% rate in dementia due to the rise of the older generation. There is a need to address the education of dementia before the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can be curbed. Until that is that Africa will constantly be in a cycle of being at the verge of breakthrough in addressing the management of dementia and coming back to the root cause, which is health education.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential in cognitive impairment associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This narrative review synthesizes and critically appraises the current evidence surrounding rTMS, with particular focus on clinical efficacy, neurobiological mechanisms, and emerging innovations. High-frequency stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) has consistently demonstrated improvements in memory, executive function, and attention, likely mediated by enhanced synaptic plasticity, increased neurotrophic factor expression, and modulation of large-scale brain networks, such as the default mode and fronto-parietal networks. Recent high-quality studies have built upon earlier research to highlight the comparative efficacy of target-specific stimulation, including precuneus- and parietal-based protocols, as well as multi- site strategies that engage language and associative regions. It also examines the use of TMSEEG and DMN connectivity as predictors of treatment response, supporting a shift toward personalized, biomarker-guided rTMS paradigms. Moreover, the synergistic potential of combining rTMS with cognitive training and pharmacotherapy is explored as a promising avenue for multimodal treatment. While preliminary results are encouraging, heterogeneity in study design and stimulation parameters continues to limit the generalizability of the findings. Standardization of protocols, longterm efficacy validation, and large-scale clinical trials remain critical to translating rTMS into routine dementia care.
BACKGROUND:Hypertonic Dehydration (HD) is the term used for the loss of bodily water in older adults and is linked to a number of morbidities, such as urolithiasis, ischemic stroke, urinary tract infections, venous thromboembolism, morbidity, and death. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to develop and validate a new calculated serum osmolality equation for older adults and to compare its accuracy with five previously published equations. METHODS:This was a prospective diagnosis accuracy study conducted between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020, including older adults aged 60 years and above living in Bangkok, Thailand. We measured serum osmolarity by automatic osmometer using the freezing point depression method. For the training group, we developed a new calculated serum osmolality equation from blood glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and serum electrolytes. In the validation group, we validated the accuracy of the calculated serum osmolarity equation (index test) compared to the measured serum osmolality (reference standard test). We evaluated the agreement between the reference standard test and index test with the Bland-Altman method and concordance correlation coefficient. We determined the mean difference, accuracy, and precision between the index test and five previously published equations with reference standard test. RESULTS:We included 586 participants in this study (410 in the training group and 176 in the validation group). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association among blood glucose, sodium, BUN, and serum osmole. Our new equation corresponded to osmolality estimate = 1.3x(Na+ + BUN) + 0.9xglucose + 86 mOsm/kg. We used the dataset from 176 participants and calculated the mean difference for the index test and compared it with five previously published equations. The index test exhibited a mean difference of -0.5 (95% CI; -1.2-0.2) mOsm/kg, which was similar to that of the previous eq. 2 and eq. 3. and had great accuracy (0.98) and good precision (0.76), while equation 3 exhibited the highest accuracy (0.99) and precision (0.77). Additionally, the new equation's Area Under the Receiving Operating Characteristics (AUROC) curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.80-0.94), indicating a very good ability to forecast HD (serum osmolality > 300 mOsm/kg as the gold standard). The AUROC curve of the index test did not differ from that of the others. CONCLUSION:In this work, we have developed a new serum osmolality equation able to predict hypertonic dehydration in Thai community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above, but not in general. An external validation study should be conducted. .
The search for novel neuroprotective and antioxidant agents is crucial in combating neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress-related disorders. This study explores the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of Arthrospira (commonly known as Spirulina), a cyanobacterium renowned for its rich nutritional profile and potential health benefits. Arthrospira has gained attention for its high content of bioactive compounds, including phycocyanin, carotenoids, and essential fatty acids, 60% protein, 8% fats, 15-25% Carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and pigments which are thought to contribute to its therapeutic and nutritional effects. In this research, Arthrospira was evaluated for its neuroprotective and antioxidant capabilities through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The study utilized cell-based assays to assess the ability of Arthrospira extracts to protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage induced by various stressors, including hydrogen peroxide and glutamate. Additionally, the study employed animal models to further investigate the effects of Arthrospira on cognitive function and oxidative stress in vivo. The findings revealed that Arthrospira extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by their ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress markers in neuronal cells. In vitro assays showed that Arthrospira enhanced cellular viability and reduced markers of oxidative damage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that Arthrospira possesses potent antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress and protect neuronal cells. In vivo studies using rodent models further confirmed the neuroprotective effects of Arthrospira. Animals supplemented with Arthrospira showed improved cognitive performance in behavioral tests, including memory and learning tasks. Additionally, histological analysis revealed a reduction in neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in the brains of Arthrospira-treated animals. Biochemical assays supported these findings, indicating a decrease in oxidative stress markers and an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities.
This review explores the intricate relationship between FOXO3a and cellular senescence in cancer, highlighting its complex and context-dependent function. FOXO3a, a transcription factor commonly known as a tumor suppressor, exhibits paradoxical roles in cancer biology. This review describes FOXO3a's dual functions in promoting tumor suppression and progression, its interplay with senescence pathways, and its impact on cancer cell phenotypes. Senescence is also known to be a tumor suppressor and a barrier against malignancies. However, persistent senescence has been found to create an adverse effect due to cancer progression and therapeutic endeavors. The review also discusses the potential of senescence management and FOXO3a modulation as novel therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. Recent advancements in proteomics research, including FOXO3a's interactions with microRNAs, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions, are also elaborated. This paper concludes by emphasizing the need to understand the role of FOXO3a in cancer biology and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
INTRODUCTION:The aging of skin is a multifaceted biological phenomenon influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. As awareness among the public increases, there is a growing interest in natural ingredients and cutting-edge cosmetic solutions that enhance skin appearance and mitigate the aging process. Nanotechnology has emerged as a significant field within cosmeceuticals, providing innovative solutions that overcome the limitations of conventional cosmetic formulations by enhancing delivery, stability, and targeted efficacy. METHODS:This review synthesized contemporary research on nanotechnology-driven approaches utilized in anti-aging skincare. A comprehensive search of scientific databases, including Pub- Med, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was performed to identify research articles and review papers using keywords, such as "nanotechnology," "skin aging," "anti-aging cosmetics," "nanocarriers," and "bioactive compounds." The emphasis was placed on studies that highlight nanosized delivery systems and their mechanisms in addressing issues related to skin aging. RESULTS:Bioactive compounds targeting anti-aging, such as antioxidants (including ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, lipoic acid, and coenzyme Q10) and plant extracts (such as green tea, turmeric, and resveratrol), were successfully integrated into nanocarrier systems. These systems, comprising lipid nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and fullerenes, demonstrate improved penetration, stability, and controlled release compared to traditional formulations, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of active ingredients in addressing signs of aging. DISCUSSION:Nanotechnology-driven skincare has demonstrated enhanced delivery, stability, and bioavailability of anti-aging compounds, addressing limitations of conventional formulations. Nanosized carriers improve penetration and controlled release, optimizing the functional benefits of antioxidants and botanical extracts. However, concerns related to safety, toxicity, and regulatory compliance require further investigation. Sustainable nanocarrier development and interdisciplinary collaborations will be essential for balancing efficacy with safety. Continued research will be crucial to establishing standardized guidelines and ensuring the successful commercialization of nano-based anti-aging cosmetics. CONCLUSION:Nanotechnology presents significant potential for the development of effective antiaging cosmetic products. The use of nanosized delivery systems significantly enhances the efficacy of active ingredients, providing a viable alternative to traditional formulations. Nonetheless, challenges related to safety, toxicity, regulatory compliance, and long-term clinical application must be addressed in future research to facilitate the successful commercialization of these products. Additionally, future investigations should consider sustainable practices.
