Abstract Due to inadequate bone quality and quantity in the possible implant bed, implant placement in severely atrophic jaws poses a major clinical problem. Conventional augmentation techniques, like sinus lifts and ridge augmentation, raise the danger, expense, and complexity of treatment. In order to compare the principles, benefits, and clinical uses of basal implantology to crestal implants in severely resorbed jaws, a literature-based review was carried out. Crestal implants are effective when adequate crestal bone is available. However, in cases of severe bone atrophy, basal implants offer a viable alternative by anchoring in the basal bone, which is typically more resistant to resorption and infection. This approach potentially eliminates the need for complex bone augmentation procedures. Basal implants represent a strategic and less invasive solution for restoring function in atrophic edentulous jaws, offering reduced surgical interventions and greater treatment predictability.
Abstract This case report outlines the management of a patient with a highly resorbed maxillary ridge featuring flabby tissue, which poses challenges in terms of denture retention and stability. A novel approach was adopted by creating a hollow maxillary denture utilizing a thermocol to reduce weight, thus minimizing excessive pressure on fragile tissues. This design improved both comfort and functionality for the patient. In addition, an immediate denture was provided for the mandibular arch following tooth extraction, restoring both function and aesthetics. The combination of a lightweight thermocol-based hollow maxillary denture and an immediate mandibular denture offered a practical and patient-friendly solution for managing the flabby ridge. The patient reported increased comfort, better masticatory function, and overall satisfaction with the prosthesis. This case highlights the importance of innovative denture fabrication techniques in addressing complex oral conditions, particularly for patients with compromised ridges and soft tissue challenges.
Abstract Single-visit endodontics (SVT) is an efficient and evidence-based alternative to conventional multi visit endodontic therapy (MVT). Endodontic success depends on effective microbial elimination, proper canal shaping, and hermetic obturation. With the advent of rotary NiTi systems, bioceramic sealers, advanced irrigation methods, and magnification aids, achieving optimal canal disinfection in a single appointment has become increasingly feasible. Literature comparing SVT and MVT showed comparable success rates in postoperative pain, flare-ups, and apical healing outcomes. While SVT offers advantages such as reduced chair time, fewer inter-appointment contaminations, and improved patient compliance, careful case selection remains crucial, particularly in cases of apical periodontitis or retreatment. With stringent asepsis, precise technique, and sound clinical judgment, single-visit endodontic therapy can deliver predictable outcomes equivalent to multi-visit procedures, making it a viable and time-efficient approach in contemporary endodontic practice.
Abstract Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic epithelial neoplasm, accounting for approximately 18% of odontogenic tumors. The coexistence of follicular architecture and desmoplastic stromal change within a single lesion represents a rare hybrid variant, reported in approximately 1.1% of cases and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 58-year-old female presented with a 5-year history of progressively enlarging swelling in the lower anterior jaw, with prior root canal treatment providing only transient relief. Clinical and radiographic findings suggested an infected radicular cyst; however, histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed follicular ameloblastoma with focal desmoplastic areas. The lesion was treated by complete surgical excision, and no recurrence was observed at a 1-year follow-up. This case emphasizes the critical role of histopathological evaluation in persistent jaw swellings and the importance of definitive management with long-term surveillance in rare hybrid variants.
Abstract Reactive vascular lesions of the oral cavity often mimic neoplasms due to their rapid growth, erythematous appearance, and tendency to bleed. Among these, gingival overgrowths are commonly associated with local irritants, systemic influences, and deleterious habits. This case describes a 55-year-old female with habit-associated gingival overgrowth linked to long-term areca nut and pan chewing. Clinically, multiple lobulated erythematous swellings with surface ulceration and bleeding were observed in the mandibular anterior region. Histopathology confirmed a pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma type). Management included thorough scaling, surgical excision, and reinforcement of habit cessation. Healing was uneventful, with normalization of gingival architecture and no recurrence at 2-month follow-up. This case highlights the contributory role of deleterious oral habits and poor oral hygiene in reactive vascular lesions, emphasizing the importance of eliminating etiologic factors alongside surgical therapy. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are essential to prevent recurrence and maintain periodontal health.
Abstract Background: Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are structural defects located at the cervical portion of teeth that present significant restorative challenges in clinical dentistry. These lesions compromise both tooth integrity and esthetics and commonly arise from a combination of mechanical wear and chemical dissolution – primarily due to attrition, abrasion, or erosion. Successful management of NCCLs requires accurate identification of the causative factors and selection of suitable restorative materials and techniques to ensure long-term durability. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and underlying causes of NCCLs and to determine the relationship between different restorative materials and the rate of restoration failure in affected teeth. Materials and Methods: The study included 400 patients visiting the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics. Each case was examined clinically with diagnostic tools and intraoral imaging. Based on etiology, lesions were divided into three groups: Group 1 – Attrition, Group 2 Abrasion, and Group 3 – Abfraction. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test was carried out to evaluate the associations between lesion type and restorative material. Results: Of the 400 teeth examined, 156 (39%) were free from cervical lesions, while 224 (56%) showed attrition as the predominant cause. Abrasion and abfraction were identified in 10 cases each (2.5%). A significant association was observed for abfraction ( P = 0.0001). Composite resin was the most frequently used restorative material (43.25%), followed by amalgam (14.25%) and glass ionomer cement (6.25%). Attrition was the leading cause of failure across all restorative materials, showing a strong correlation between lesion type and restoration performance ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: Attrition was found to be the major etiological factor responsible for the development and failure of restorations in NCCLs. Composite resin restorations were preferred due to their esthetic benefits and conservative preparation, although their longevity is influenced by occlusal loading and adhesive properties. Comprehensive understanding of causative mechanisms and judicious material selection play a vital role in improving the clinical success and longevity of restorations in teeth affected by NCCLs.
Abstract Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies of the maxillofacial region, which may be associated with discrimination and stigmatization against the mother and child. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify stigmatization against mothers of children with CLP and determine the correlation between stigmatization and mother felt needs. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included mothers of children with CLP managed at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024. Data on sociodemographic and CLP characteristics, parental discrimination, societal stigmatization, and mother felt needs were collected. Parental discrimination was assessed to determine mothers’ perception toward her ward after birth. Experience of societal stigmatization was classified as low, moderate, or high based on participants responses. Mother felt needs were assessed using a Likert scale questionnaire. Both univariate analyses and Spearman correlation coefficients were computed. Results: A total of 160 mothers with a median age of 30 (interquartile range 26.3–35.0) years were included in the study. Twenty-two (13.8%) mothers reported that they felt shame when their child was born, and 18 (11.3%) reported that they regretted having the child. The majority (82.4%) of mothers had low experience of societal stigmatization, 14 (8.8%) had moderate experience, and another 14 (8.8%) had high experience. For 56 (35.0%) mothers, feeding was their primary concern, for 42 (26.3%), potential speech challenges, and for 36 (22.5%), the physical appearance of their child. There were positive correlations between societal stigmatization and mother need for family/community acceptance, need for information on etiology of CLP, and speech challenges associated with CLP ( r < 0.2, P < 0.05 for all correlations). Conclusion: Mothers of children with CLP experienced stigmatization, which had a positive correlation with their need for family/community acceptance.
Abstract Adequate knowledge and understanding of the variations that may exist in the root canal system of teeth is invaluable in the execution of an efficient treatment plan, which is an important determinant of successful treatment outcome. This is more relevant for teeth that are prone to diagnostic and treatment challenges, such as the maxillary molars. A 34-year-old patient presented with a complaint of toothache on the left side of her face for 1 month. On examination, the maxillary left second molar was tenderness to percussion. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed that the tooth has just one root and one root canal. This case has buttressed the need to obtain and review the radiograph before the commencement of both surgical and endodontic procedures.
Implant surface coating with antibiotics has seen success in terms of limiting the formation of biofilm around titanium implants. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a 2 nd generation liquid PRF, which makes it possible to mix with biomaterials such as antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of antibiotic-loaded injectable-PRF (i-PRF) on titanium discs. i-PRF was made by immediate centrifugation of freshly drawn blood 700 rpm for 3 min. Premeasured antibiotics (clindamycin 150 mg/ml, gentamicin 50 mg/ml) were mixed with PRF in the liquid stage and coated immediately on the titanium disc until it formed a sticky coat. The antibacterial effect was against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using disc diffusion and measuring the width of the zone of inhibition (mm). Plain i-PRF demonstrated good antimicrobial effect against both tested microorganisms, which was exaggerated when antibiotics were added. It was concluded that i-PRF can be used as a delivery vehicle to coat antibiotics on the surface of titanium discs for antibacterial effect.
Platelet concentrates, being autologous, are widely used in regenerative periodontal therapy. Composite biomaterials such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) block, sticky bone, albumin PRF (Alb-PRF), and Alb-PRF block combine PRF with bone grafts to enhance both biological activity and mechanical strength. This study aimed to compare the volumetric change, compressive strength, elastic modulus, degradation time, and SEM characteristics among various PRF formulations: leukocyte-PRF (L-PRF), advanced PRF (A-PRF), injectable PRF (i-PRF), sticky bone (i-PRF with bone graft), PRF block (A-PRF+ and i-PRF with bone graft), Alb-PRF, and Alb-PRF block. Blood samples from healthy volunteers (aged 20–50 years) were used to prepare the different PRF composites. Each formulation was tested in triplicate for compressive strength, elastic modulus, volume, degradation time, and SEM characteristics. Sticky bone showed the highest compressive strength (304.72 ± 3.05 MPa), followed by PRF block (256.69 ± 2.12 MPa), Alb-PRF block (187.5 ± 3.75 MPa), and Alb-PRF (84.9 ± 3.05 MPa). The highest modulus of elasticity was observed in the PRF block (32.66 ± 1.52 MPa), followed by sticky bone (27.41 ± 1.03 MPa), whereas both Alb-PRF and Alb-PRF block had 16.23 ± 1.52 MPa. Volume measurements showed the PRF block (1.6 cm 3 ) had the highest volume, followed by the Alb-PRF block (1.4 cm 3 ), sticky bone and Alb-PRF (1.2 cm 3 ), and L-PRF, A-PRF, and i-PRF (1 cm 3 ). Sticky bone, PRF block, Alb-PRF, and Alb-PRF block significantly enhance the mechanical strength, volume, and degradation profile of graft materials, supporting their clinical utility in periodontal regeneration.
External cervical resorption (ECR) is a clinical challenge that initiates at the cervical aspect of a tooth’s root and beneath the epithelial attachment. Although external cervical resorption is destructive, its early stages often show no noticeable symptoms, making it difficult for clinicians to detect. The low incidence of ECR has resulted in limited research on its underlying causes, making it one of the least comprehended forms of root resorption. The etiology of ECR is multifactorial. In recent years, ECR has attracted more interest because clinical case numbers are rising. Thus, this case report describes managing ECR in an anterior tooth in a young patient using root submergence, with no complications even at 6-month follow-up. Thus, root submergence could be an effective and conservative way of managing ECR in young patient, in which early extraction of the tooth can lead to ridge resorption and various other esthetic complications.
Abstract Recent regenerative periodontal techniques involve stem cell therapy using periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Therefore, SAI-PRT has developed a therapeutic technique that involves using an extracellular niche composed of periodontal stem cells along with various growth factors to restore damaged periodontal tissue. These PDLSCs along with the niche were obtained from extracted teeth to treat periodontal defects. For this reason, sophisticated and intricate tissue engineering is made easy at the chair side, and the SAI-PRT approach is advised on a frequent basis in clinical settings. The radiographic assessment was done using ImageJ software as a clinical trial, and histogram was also used to measure defect density and defect fill in periodontal defects. Human histology studies are being done to corroborate the clinical and radiographic success of SAI-PRT, which is now undertaken. The purpose of this review is to summarize and clinically implicate the SAI-PRT technique so that ex vivo culture can be avoided, as SAI-PRT is a collection of scraped tissue from the patient’s own extracted tooth which is utilized directly to facilitate periodontal regeneration.
Abstract Restorative dental care may be an unpleasant procedure for children because it involves several potentially stressful stimuli, each contributing to dental anxiety (DA). One way of motivating them is to use multicolored restorations. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature evidence by comparing the effect of multicolored versus conventional restorations on children’s DA and behavior. A literature search was confined to the English language using Medical Subject Headings terms conferring to populations, interventions, comparisons, and outcomes format in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid without restriction to study publication time. A search in Google Scholar, Grey literature, and hand search on references was performed to include additional data. Suitable studies were selected based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality analysis was performed using the Cochrane risk assessment tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Out of 568 articles, four RCTs were included for the final analysis. Among these, two articles evaluated both anxiety and behavior, one evaluated anxiety, and one evaluated behavior. Quality analysis showed one study as fair quality and three as poor quality. Based on the available evidence, it is difficult to determine the effect of multicolored restoration on DA and behavior. Due to the scarcity of literature on good quality RCTs, more good quality studies are recommended to affirm the significance of multicolored over conventional restorations on children’s anxiety and behavior.
Abstract Objective: Isolation and characterization of phytosterol from the stem bark of Ficus glomerata Roxb., development and evaluation of mucoadhesive gels of betamethasone sodium phosphate (standard drug), and the isolated phytosterol and histopathology of the extract and formulated gels on arecoline-induced oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in rats. Materials and Methods: Petroleum ether extract of the stem bark of the plant was subjected for isolation of phytosterol and characterization. Mucoadhesive gels of the standard drug (betamethasone sodium phosphate [BSP]) and the isolated phytosterol ( F. glomerata sterol [FGS]) were developed and evaluated for physicochemical properties. Histopathological studies of arecoline-induced fibrotic rats after 4 months of induction and treatment of 4 months by the extract and the gels (BSP and FGS) were carried out, and changes in body weight were noted during the induction and treatment period. Results: Spectroscopy of the isolated phytosterol, FGS characterizes it as, “β-sitosterol.” The formulated gels were found to be homogeneous having good physicochemical properties and 86%–88% cumulative drug release property. Histopathological study of arecoline HBr-induced OSMF rats at the end of 4 th -month induction exhibit significant ( P < 0.0001) reduction in body weight and study at the end of 4 th -month treatment with plant extract, F. glomerata , and the mucoadhesive gels, BSP and FGS, reveal significant ( P < 0.0001) gain in body weight. Conclusion: Formulated mucoadhesive gels, BSP and FGS, exhibited good physicochemical pharmaceutical properties and were found to reduce arecoline-induced OSMF after 4 months of treatment by dissolving 90% of collagen deposition.
The purpose of this study is to check the efficiency of the energy emitted by the curing units in dental clinics of Davanagere and Mangalore region using a spectrometer. This observational descriptive study evaluated dental curing lights using nonprobabilistic sampling across 50 clinics in the Davangere and Mangalore regions. The devices were categorized into four groups: 3M, Ivoclar Vivadent, Woodpecker, and miscellaneous. A CHECKMARC™ portable spectrometer was used to measure light intensity at distances of 0 mm and 6 mm. Three readings were taken at each distance after activating the unit for 10 s, and the most accurate reading was recorded for each unit. All procedures were carried out by a single operator. Before examination, informed consent was obtained from the dentists. The highest average output intensity of the curing units was shown by 3M and Ivoclar Vivadent, followed by Woodpecker and Miscellaneous. This survey demonstrates that the CHECKMARC portable spectrophotometer is a valuable tool for dental offices. Regular assessment of curing light output, regardless of brand, at both 0 mm and 6 mm is essential to ensure effective polymerization of resin-based materials, enhance patient comfort, and maintain high standards of dental care.
Abstract Background: Dental fear, anxiety, and needle phobia in children make LA administration a challenging task in pediatric dental practice. Thus, techniques that render pain free dental anaesthesia have become eminent. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cryotherapy, 30% sucrose solution and a combination therapy for reduction of pain perception during local anesthesia in children. Methodology: 90 children aged 7–11 years requiring bilateral IANB were randomly allocated to three study groups of 30 each. Each participant received IANB under topical LA on first appointment on one side (as control) and in second appointment under cryotherapy or 30% sucrose solution or combination of two based on study group allocated. The pain perception was recorded subjectively by WBFACES, objectively by SEM pain scale along with vital parameters such as SpO2 and pulse rate (PR). Statistical test used were Kruskal–Wallis and analysis of variance. Results: The WBFACES and SEM scores, PR, and SpO2 of Group 4 (popsicle) showed a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) when compared to group 1 (topical anesthesia), group 2 (ice-cubes), and group 3 (30% sucrose solution). On intergroup comparison, group 4 showed least pain perception followed by group 3 and group 2 using WBS. However, on SEM it was group 4 followed by group 2 and group 3 which were statistically significant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that pain management, using cryotherapy and sweet solution can be a safe, effective successful and economical alternative to the conventional topical anesthetic agents in minimizing pain in pediatric patients.
