Background:Digital impression techniques are currently replacing conventional techniques in clinical practice. The applicability of these methods are being studied extensively. The primary objective of this study was to compare pain, discomfort, gag reflex, and breathing difficulty between alginate impressions and intraoral scanning (IOS) in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. The secondary objective was to assess preference and compare the time required for both techniques.Methods:A randomized crossover trial was conducted with 24 adolescent patients aged between 12–17 years. Participants were randomised into Group 1 and Group 2 based on the sequence of the technique and a wash out period of one week was given before the second technique. Pain, discomfort, gag reflex, and breathing difficulty were assessed using a 10-point Likert scale. Time taken for each impression and patient preference were also recorded. Dependent t-tests was used to compare the patient outcomes and time taken. Results:No significant differences were found in patient-reported outcomes (pain, discomfort, gag reflex, and breathing difficulty) between the two techniques. However, intraoral scanning required less time compared to alginate impressions (p < 0.001). Majority of patients (66.67%) preferred IOS over alginate impressions.Conclusion:In adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances, intraoral scanning was time-efficient alternative to conventional impression techniques, with a high patient preference. Both techniques were comparable in terms of discomfort-related outcomes.
Background: This study aims to radiographically examine the periapical condition of permanent first molars that have undergone root canal treatment in pediatric patients, the quality of their coronal restorations and root canal treatments, and the factors that affect treatment success.Methods: Panoramic radiographs of children aged 6–12 who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Kocaeli University Faculty of Dentistry for routine oral examinations between 2020 and 2024 were examined. The 235 permanent first molars that had undergone root canal treatment in 196 patients were evaluated radiologically regarding the quality of root canal treatment (root canal filling level/homogeneity) and coronal restoration, as well as the periradicular health status. The data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, with p
Abstract Background: In endodontic preclinical training, students are prepared for clinical practice through root canal cleaning, shaping, and filling procedures. This study aimed to radiographically evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings (RCF) performed by preclinical students on extracted teeth at the Faculty of Dentistry, X-X-X University.Methods: A total of 761 extracted teeth were subjected to RCF by undergraduate students and evaluated based on the quality parameters of length, density, and taper. The overall filling quality was categorized as either Adequate or Inadequate. The effectiveness of RCFs was assessed according to the number of roots (canine, maxillary first premolar, and mandibular molar)The intra-observer agreement was analyzed using Cohen’s kappa test. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the study variables. Results: Among the 761 extracted human teeth RCF performed by preclinical students, 382 (50.2%) had an Overall Filling Quality at an acceptable level. Adequate length was observed in 660 teeth (86.7%), adequate density in 447 teeth (58.7%), and adequate taper in 553 teeth (72.7%). The technical quality of RCF in canines and maxillary first premolars was significantly better than in mandibular molars (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The technical quality of RCFs performed by preclinical students is inadequate. Preclinical education should incorporate advanced techniques and instruments to enhance the technical quality of RCFs performed by preclinical students.Keywords: Dental Students, Education, Root canal obturation
Background: To evaluate movements of teeth adjacent to extraction space, spontaneous closure, effects of chronological age and developmental stages of teeth following early extraction of permanent first molars. Methods: Records of 194 patients who applied to a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Faculty of Dentistry and had at least one permanent first molar extracted were reviewed. Forty-five patients with regular follow-ups and complete records were included in the study group. Socio-demographic characteristics, extraction reasons, extracted teeth’s number and region of were recorded. Developmental stages of second and third permanent molars by Nolla method, displacement of adjacent teeth and space closure status were determined from radiographs. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Mean chronological age was 9.63±1.39 years. Majority were from low to middle socioeconomic backgrounds. Early extracted permanent first molars were mostly (62.8%) located in mandible. The entire extraction space of upper right side permanent first molars closed spontaneously. No significant relationship was found between chronological age, dental age, developmental stage of second permanent molar at extraction time and space closure status (p>0.05). As the developmental stage of third permanent molar increased, the likelihood of spontaneous closure increased significantly (p
Background:This study aimed to investigate changes in maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (MT) before and after Le Fort I osteotomy using CT imaging, and to determine whether these changes vary based on preoperative classifications of mucosal thickening.Methods:In this retrospective study, 57 adult patients who underwent Le Fort I or Le Fort I with BSSRO surgery between 2018 and 2022 were included. Patients with systemic diseases, prior sinus surgeries, maxillofacial trauma, or sinusitis were excluded. CT scans were evaluated preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Mucosal thickness was measured using a standardized method and classified according to the system developed by Tadinada et al. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests.Results:Postoperative increases in mucosal thickness were observed in patients with minimal preoperative thickening (Type I), while reductions were noted in patients with severe preoperative thickening (Type IV). The changes in mucosal thickness were statistically significant for Type I (p = .002) and Type IV (p = .023), while Type II and III classifications showed non-significant trends.Conclusion:Le Fort I osteotomy can significantly affect maxillary sinus mucosal thickness, with the extent and direction of change depending on the preoperative classification. These findings underscore the importance of preoperative CT evaluation and postoperative monitoring to prevent sinus-related complications.Keywords:Le Fort I osteotomy, maxillary sinus, mucosal thickening, CT imaging, sinus health
Background:Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is used for correcting transverse discrepancies by splitting the mid-palatal suture (MPS), but the amount of skeletal expansion varies with MPS maturation and qualitative staging systems are subjective. The primary aim of this study is to quantify the FD values across MPS stages in a South Indian cohort and to correlate FD with MPS, cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVM) stages and age.Methods:This observational study analysed 50 CBCT scans of patients aged between 8–20 years. A standardized region of interest (ROI) along the MPS was processed in ImageJ software via the box-counting method for assessment of the FD. MPS stages A–E and CVM stages 1–6 was assessed. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc tests, Spearman’s correlation, ROC curve analysis, Intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC) for FD reliability, and weighted κ for staging reproducibility.Results:FD correlated strongly with MPS stage (r= –0.966), CVM stage (r= –0.928), and age (r= –0.883; all p < 0.001). ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.997. The FD value cut-off of 1.03 achieved 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity for distinguishing early (A–C) versus late (D–E) maturation of the MPS. Intra- and inter-rater ICCs for FD were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively; weighted κ values for MPS and CVM staging ranged from 0.73 to 0.82.Conclusion:Fractal analysis provided a quantitative, reproducible measure of MPS maturation. An FD threshold of 1.03 reliably differentiates early (A-C) and late (D-E) MPS stages and correlates with CVM stage and chronological age, offering a valuable adjunct to conventional qualitative assessments for optimizing RME timing.Key Words: Cone beam computed tomography, Fractal analysis, Maxilla, Palatal expansion, Orthodontics.
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the repair bond strength of aged universal composites after surface treatment and different adhesive applications.Methods: Three universal composites (GC Achord, Filtek Ultimate, Clearfil Majesty) were used to prepare 315 specimens (n=105 per composite). Seven groups were created: a negative control (NC) (only polished), a positive control (PC) (bur–roughened-only) and five experimental groups in which roughened surfaces were treated with G2-Bond Universal (G2), Prime&Bond Universal (PB), Clearfil SE Bond (SE), the hydrophobic bond of G2 (G2B), the hydrophobic bond of SE (SEB). Repair restorations were completed using Nova Compo HS. Shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and values were recorded in MPa. Fracture modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p
Özet Amaç: Bu çalışma, kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanları, ebeler ve hemşirelerin gebelikte ağız ve diş sağlığı konusundaki bilgi düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi ve eğitim ihtiyaçlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Türkiye’nin Van ilinde bulunan Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara 4 sosyodemografik, 12 bilgi düzeyini ölçmeye yönelik ve 16 yaklaşım ve uygulamaya ilişkin toplam 32 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 25 kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanı, 36 asistan, 46 ebe, 11 ebelik son sınıf öğrencisi, 43 hemşire ve 1 hemşirelik öğrencisi katılmıştır. Meslek grupları arasında bilgi düzeyi açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p <0.001). Kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanları, gebelikte hormonal değişikliklerin ağız sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri konusunda en yüksek bilgiye sahiptir. Buna karşın, ebeler ve hemşirelerde farkındalık daha düşük, öğrencilerde ise en düşük seviyede bulunmuştur. Gebelikte diş tedavisinin güvenliği konusunda, katılımcıların çoğunun yanlış inanışlara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin diş hekimine yönlendirilme oranı meslek gruplarına göre değişmekte olup kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanları en sık yönlendirme yapan gruptur (p = 0.04). Cinsiyetler arasında da bilgi düzeyi açısından anlamlı fark bulunmuş, kadın sağlık çalışanlarının erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek bilgiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır (p <0.001). Sonuç: Kadın doğum uzmanlarının bilgi düzeyi en yüksek olsa da sağlık profesyonellerinin çoğunun gebelikte diş tedavisinin güvenliği konusunda yanlış inanışlara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ebeler ve hemşirelerin gebelere yönelik ağız sağlığı eğitimi verebilmesi için mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrası eğitimlerinin artırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, kadın doğum uzmanlarının klinik uygulamalarının güçlendirilmesi ve sağlık profesyonelleri arasındaki bilgi farklılıklarının multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla giderilmesi önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebelik, diş sağlığı anketi, ağız sağlığı, sağlık profesyonelleri
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the postoperative quality of life (QoL) in skeletal Class II patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, using the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ). Patients were assessed based on preoperative positive overjet and the severity of deformity as determined by cephalometric analysis.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 36 patients (aged 18–40) who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at least 6 months prior were evaluated using the Turkish OQLQ. Preoperative deformity severity was measured via NemoFAB software using cephalometric parameters (positive overjet, SNA, SNB, GoGn-SN, Wits). Patients were grouped based on the median overjet value (8.53 mm). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v26.0.ResultsParticipants included 22 females and 14 males (mean age: 26 ± 7 years). The mean total OQLQ score was 16 ± 17. Only the oral function subdomain showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.014), with lower scores (better QoL) in the
Background: The aim of this study is to examine the empathy scores of undergraduate and graduate students studying at Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry.Methods: A total of 465 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Atatürk University’s Faculty of Dentistry during the 2024-2025 academic year participated in the study. A questionnaire form was administered digitally to these students, including 11 questions addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the 20-question Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Version (JSPE-S) to assess the students’ empathy scores. For statistical analysis of data, p
Background: To evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF), self-etching primer (Monobond Etch & Prime; MEP), and combined application of these protocols (HFMEP) on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material and resin cement.Methods: Specimens were divided into four groups based on the surface treatment applied: Control (C), HF, MEP, and HFMEP. Resin-ceramic beams were randomly divided into 2 subgroups according to aging condition: 1) 24 h water storage and 2) 10.000 thermocycling (TC). μTBS was measured using a universal testing device. The surface roughness (Ra) of additional samples (n=20) for each treatment group was measured using a profilometer. One sample per group was subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by one- and two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and independent t-tests (α=.05).Results: C and HF groups exhibited the lowest and highest Ra values, respectively (p.05), but MEP treatment resulted in significantly higher μTBS values than in the HF-etched group after TC (p
Background: To evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and boric-acid(BA) on E. faecalis biofilm with or without photo-activation by Germinator (Design for Vision, USA). Materials: Biofilm formation was provided on sterilized dentin discs. Five groups were created(n=8): 1.5%, 3% and 5% H2O2; 5 and 10% BA. Each was exposed to irrigation-solutions with or without photo-activation. ‘Biofilm killing-percentage’ (100%), (CFU/ml) was calculated, colony-counting was performed. One-way analysis of variance, Duncan, Tukey's tests were provided.Results: All irrigants reduced number of viable-bacteria in biofilm (p
ABSTRACT Background: Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial used in many areas of dentistry. This study aims to assess publication trends and developments related to chlorhexidine, offering insights for future research. Methods: The bibliometric analysis on chlorhexidine covers the literature from 1980 to 2024. The data of our study were analyzed through the Bibliometrix program based on the WoS database. A total of 1,518 articles were examined in four sections: performance analysis, keyword analysis, co-citation analysis, and thematic analysis. Results: The Journal of Clinical Periodontology holds the highest H-Index (48) for chlorhexidine publications. Addy M. is the most prolific author, with 63 publications and 2,663 citations. His 1986 article has the highest local citation count. "Chlorhexidine" is the most frequent keyword. Prominent researchers include Loe H., Addy M., Lang NP, Flotra L., and Gjermo P., with a focus on periodontal diseases, plaque control, and antimicrobial efficacy. Coclusion: Chlorhexidine’s popularity in dentistry remains strong, with growing applications. This study highlights the current knowledge landscape and its limitations, serving as a guide for future research. Key Words: Clohexidine, Bibliometric Analysis, Co-Situation Analysis, Mouthrinse, Plaque
Background: This study focuses on the balanced distribution of relative masticatory pressure in two implant-supported overdenture rehabilitations and evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment protocol in achieving this. This study aims to compare, via a digital occlusal analyzer, the clinical effectiveness of the modified traditional protocol followed in two implant-supported mandibular overdenture rehabilitation with the traditional protocol. Methods: A total of 20 patients were included in the study and with the help of envelope drawing were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I (control/traditional protocol), Group II (test/modified traditional protocol). The distribution of the relative masticatory pressure, the change in masticatory pressure (Δp values) [including presence or absence of premature contacts and balanced/unbalanced pressure distribution] and treatment process management parameters were recorded utilizing Occlusence® for each patient, predelivery and at delivery. Data was statistically evaluated with t tests and chi-square tests, and significance level was set to α = 0.05. Results: No significant differences existed in masticatory pressure distribution and premature contacts between groups predelivery or at delivery. Predelivery, the test group showed significantly more balanced pressure than control’s (p0.370). In the management of the treatment process, the test group exhibited a statistically significant difference than control’s group. (p
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; anterior bölgede kullanılan farklı yapıdaki üniversal restoratif materyallerin, iki farklı polisaj tekniği sonrasında, aside ve yapay tükürüğe maruz kaldığında, yüzey sertlik değerlerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 5 farklı restoratif materyal (Essentia Üniversal Shade-GC, Omnichroma-Tokuyama, Charisma Diamond One-Kulzer, ZenChroma-President Dental ve Essentia HiFlo-GC) kullanılarak hazırlanan toplamda 240 adet örneğe 2 farklı polisaj yöntemi (Shofu One Gloss ve EVE Diacomp Plus) uygulandı (n=8). Örnekler 24 saat süreyle 3 farklı yaşlandırma yöntemine (yapay tükürük, portakal suyu ve portakal suyu-yapay tükürük) maruz bırakıldı. Yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrasında Vicker’s sertliği ölçümleri (Matsuzawa® MHT2, High Quality Microhardness Tester, Matsuzawa SEIKI Co; Ltd, Tokyo, Japonya) yapıldı. Örneklerin üst yüzeyleri yaşlandırma öncesinde ve sonrasında SEM (JEOL JSM 7001F, Japonya) ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Kompozitlerin en yüksek başlangıç sertlik değeri Charisma Diamond One (89,578)’da izlenirken, en düşük Essentia HiFlo (54,830)’da görülmüştür (p0,05). Sonuçlar: Örneklerin yüzey sertliği değerlerinde, asidik içeceklerin ve yapay tükürüğün etkisiyle değişimler olduğu kaydedilmiştir. En az düşüş yapay tükürük+portakal suyu döngüsü sonrasında gözlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kompozit rezin, Vickers, yaşlandırma, polisaj yöntemleri, mikrosertlik.
Background: Silicone elastomer has been the most widely used material in the production of maxillofacial prostheses. Although silicone has some advantages, the degradation of the material over time is still a problem. Investigating the properties of recently used materials is crucial for practitioners to expand the possible choice of materials. One of these properties is surface roughness (Ra), which causes microbiological colonization, color instability, and accelerated degradation. This study aimed to evaluate Ra after artificial aging of newly introduced high-consistency elastomers. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 specimens were fabricated using 4 high-consistency silicones (HCS) having different hardness options and 1 commonly used liquid silicone rubber. Each silicone group consisted of 2 colored subgroups and a nonpigmented subgroup as a control group. Ra values of the specimens were measured by a profilometer before and after the artificial aging. Ra change after aging was compared between all silicone groups using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=.05). Results: There was no significant difference between pre- and post-aging Ra values for all main silicone groups except for the lowest hardness option of HCS silicone (P
Background: The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the effectiveness of toothbrushing applied with different toothpastes for removing the discoloration of 3D-printed laminate veneer restorations. Methods: Two different 3D printing resins (Alias Temporary 3D Printing Resin-Dokuz Kimya and VarseoSmile Crown Plus-Bego) were tested. A 3D-printer (Varseo XS-Bego) was used to produce a total of 80 laminate veneer restorations, 40 of each resin type. After the baseline color measurement by spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Advance 5.0-Vita Zahnfabrik), the specimens were immersed in distiled water and coffee (Nescafe-Nestle) for 15 days and the color measurement was repeated. Then, the specimens were subjected to toothbrushing simulation for 3 minutes twice a day for 15 days via an electric toothbrush (Vitality-Oral B) with different toothpastes as Colgate Sensation White-Palmolive, Ipana Pro-Expert-Ipana and Bioniq-Dr. Wolff. The color measurement was repetaed and the color changes after discoloration (ΔE1) and toothbrushing simulation (ΔE2) were calculated. Results: The differences between ΔE1 values of all resin groups were significant (p˂0.05). After toothbrushing simulation, the VarseoSmile Crown Plus resins stored in coffee showed significant color restitution (ΔE2bioniq=11.70, ΔE2colgate=11.79, ΔE2ipana=11.79), but Alias Temporary 3D printing resin showed significant color restitution (ΔE2=18.69) only via Ipana Pro-expert toothpaste (p
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of application according to manufacturers’ instructions and sonic activation on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin of a universal adhesive system and a two-step self-etch adhesive system.Materials and Methods: Forty caries-free human molars were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10) based on adhesive system and application mode (slight rubbing or sonic activation). A universal adhesive system (Nova Compo B Plus [NC]; Imicryl, Turkey) and a two-step self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond [SE]; Kuraray, Japan) were evaluated. Each adhesive was applied either with a slight rubbing motion, as recommended by the manufacturers, or with sonic activation. All teeth were restored with a composite resin compatible with the respective adhesive system. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, specimens were sectioned into stick-shaped samples with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.9 mm². Microtensile bond strength testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and failure modes were assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05), and failure mode distributions were evaluated using the chi-square test.Results: Adhesive failures were observed in all groups. Sonic application significantly reduced the µTBS of the universal adhesive system compared with conventional rubbing application (P < 0.05). However, sonic activation did not significantly affect the dentin bond strength of the two-step self-etch adhesive system.Conclusion: The effect of sonic application on dentin bond strength appears to be adhesive-system dependent. While sonic activation adversely affected the bonding performance of the simplified universal adhesive system, it had no significant effect on the bond strength of the two-step self-etch adhesive system.
ÖzAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, konvansiyonel ve hibrit maksiller genişletme yöntemlerinin burun yumuşak ve sert dokularında meydana getirdiği değişiklikleri, Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) kayıtları kullanarak kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, klinik arşivimizden seçilen, hibrit genişletme apareyi ile tedavi edilen 22 hastanın (ortalama yaş 14.02±0.98) ve konvansiyonel genişletme apareyi (RME) ile tedavi edilen 23 hastanın (ortalama yaş 14.51±1.47) KIBT kayıtları kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelendi. Hastalar, tedavi öncesi (T1) ve tedavi sonrası (T2) dönemlerde değerlendirildi. KIBT taramalarında burun yumuşak ve sert dokularındaki boyut değişiklikleri (12 lineer, 1 açısal) ölçüldü. Bulgular: Alar taban genişliği, posterior nazal kavite, anterior nazal kavite, maksiller intermolar ve interkanin mesafelerde tedavi öncesi (T1) ve tedavi sonrası (T2) ölçümlerde hibrit ve konvansiyonel maksiller genişletme grupları arasında bir fark gözlenmemiştir ancak kontrol grubuna kıyasla iki grupta da anlamlı fark gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Her iki tedavi grubunda (hibrit ve konvansiyonel) tedavi öncesi ve sonrası ölçümler arasındaki değişim miktarında fark bulunmazken, kontrol grubuna göre her iki tedavi grubunda alar taban genişliği, nazal kavite ve maksiller mesafelerde anlamlı iyileşmeler gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, her iki yöntemin burun yapılarında benzer etkiler sağladığını ve tedavi yapılmayan gruba göre belirgin değişiklikler oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Burun boşluğu, Hibrit maksiller genişletme, Konvansiyonel maksiller genişletme.
Oral and Dental Health in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Needs, and Clinical StrategiesABSTRACT Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterised by its onset in early childhood and persistent deficits in social interaction alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Individuals on the spectrum frequently encounter significant barriers to accessing routine healthcare services, particularly in the context of dental treatment, resulting in reduced attendance at dental appointments and difficulties in delivering effective and comprehensive clinical interventions.Methods: This review examines recent evidence regarding oral hygiene practices and the dental health status of children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions on the autism spectrum. It also addresses the specific challenges encountered during dental treatment in this population, including sensory, behavioural and communication-related factors. Furthermore, the review evaluates dental materials that have been either clinically optimised or selectively utilised to accommodate the distinct sensory sensitivities and clinical requirements associated with autism-related presentations.Results: Current evidence suggests that children on the autism spectrum are more vulnerable to various oral health problems. Among these, heightened dental anxiety, periodontal disease and dental caries are particularly prevalent. To effectively manage such challenges, it is widely recommended that dental professionals receive structured and comprehensive training on the oral health needs of children requiring special healthcare support, ideally integrated early within their professional education.Conclusions: Providing effective oral healthcare for individuals with autism spectrum-related neurodevelopmental conditions requires a patient-centred and multidisciplinary approach. Evidence suggests that the implementation of behaviour management strategies, enhancement of communication with caregivers, and improvements in practitioner education can substantially improve clinical outcomes and patient cooperation.Keywords: Autism, Dental management, Oral hygiene, Pediatric dentistry
