Introduction. Due to climate aridization, interest in grain sorghum is increasing in arid regions of the country, including the Lower Volga region of the Russian Federation. The potential of grain sorghum as a multipurpose crop is being realized in various areas of the agro-industrial complex, such as forage production, food production, and the starch and syrup processing industry. The development of new productive grain sorghum varieties adapted to biotic and abiotic stressors is impossible without utilizing the rich diversity of genetic resources in the global plant material collection at VIR, which forms the foundation for developing new varieties. The research object and methods. The research was conducted in 2023-2025s on the experimental field of the Rossorgo. The study analyzed 38 collection accessions of grain sorghum of various ecological and geographical origins, assessed for morphometric parameters and grain productivity indicators. Statistical analysis of the data was performed in Agros 2.09 program using the “statistical analysis of a sample” method. The goal of the research was to analyze grain sorghum accessions from the VIR nursery collection for the purpose of developing productive varieties and hybrids for various applications. The results and discussion. High variability of grain sorghum accessions in morphometric parameters and productivity elements was established. The following samples were noted by the weight of 1000 seeds, distinguished by large grain size: k-4075, k-2058, O-k-8803/1 with 31.83-36.22 g, as well as valuable constant samples, characterized by increased grain yield – 06-2037, k-9115, k-2058, O-k-8803 (1) (4.72-5.11 t/ha) and biomass – k-9115, k-10112, B-03-3003 (17.69-19.85 t/ha). Conclusion. Among the studied collection of grain sorghum, three accessions – K-2058, O-K-8803/1, and K-4075-are particularly valuable. They possess a combination of valuable traits: large grain size, high grain yield, significant starch content (71.0-75.0%), light white-blue seeds, and stable annual seed maturation. All these characteristics correspond to those of a model variety optimal for processing into starch and starch products.
The goal of the research was to study the antioxidant properties of peptides obtained during microbiological fermentation of feather waste with keratinolytic strains of Bacillus licheniformis BAL-1 and BAL-2. The methods. The major 17 peptide sequences identified by LC-MS/MS with a relative content of >1% were analyzed in the BIOPEP-UWM database to predict bioactive profiles. The interaction of promising peptides with the Kelch domain of the Keap1 protein (PDB ID: 2FLU) was assessed using molecular docking (HPEPDOCK 2.0) and calculation of the thermodynamic parameters of the complexes (PRODIGY). Experimental assessment of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the hydrolysates was performed using the FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC methods. The results. According to the in silico -analysis, most of the studied peptides contained fragments with the predicted antioxidant activity and formed stable complexes with Keap1. The highest affinity was demonstrated by the GGGDIPRQPLYPPLPPRPG peptide, for which ΔG = -9.8 kcal mol⁻¹ and Kd = 6.6×10⁻⁸ M were calculated; this peptide interacted with the key residues of the binding site (GLU216, ARG146, GLN239), competing with the endogenous ligand Nrf2. In the FRAP and DPPH tests, the activity of the samples was below the detection limit, which was due to the deficiency of reactive amino acids (Cys, Trp) in the peptide fractions. Whereas, according to the ORAC method, the BAL-1 and BAL-2 hydrolysates exceeded the original feather by 25.5 and 31.3 times, reaching values of 812.68±32.62 and 997.46±66.04 μmol-eq. quercetin/L, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the potential of fermented chicken feather hydrolysates as a source of bioactive peptides with a dual mechanism of antioxidant action (direct radical scavenging and Nrf2 pathway activation) for the further development of functional feed additives. The practical significance of the research lies in substantiating the possibility of using the obtained hydrolysates as a component of functional feed additives to enhance the resistance of poultry to oxidative stress factors, thereby reducing the dependence of the industry on synthetic antioxidants.
Introduction. The fish processing industry annually produces a significant amount of secondary raw materials – caviar and roe complex, liver, and other organs of ordinary fish species. This raw material is a promising source for obtaining valuable food ingredients, including fractionated lecithin and isolated protein products. However, their widespread use is limited by the presence of a persistent fishy odor, which significantly reduces the organoleptic properties and consumer appeal of the final product. The goal of the research was to investigate the mechanisms of formation of volatile compounds responsible for the undesirable odor in dried catfish liver and raffinate after the extraction of lecithin-containing substances from fish roe, as well as to develop an effective and cost-effective deodorization method. The objects and methods of the research were dried catfish liver and raffinate after lecithin extraction. The paper provides a comparative analysis of physicochemical deodorization methods, including treatment with organic acids and natural antioxidants. Volatile compound concentrations were determined using gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results and discussion. The research confirmed that the main sources of undesirable odors were three groups of volatile compounds: nitrogenous (trimethylamine, ammonia), carbonyl (hexanal, nonanal), and sulfur-containing (dimethyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan). A comparative analysis substantiated the effectiveness of combined treatment with organic acids and natural antioxidants. Experiments confirmed that a combination of 1% citric acid and 0.3% rosemary extract reduced trimethylamine content by 70%, hexanal by 45%, and improved organoleptic properties by 3 points. Conclusion. The proposed method is technologically feasible, does not require significant capital investment, and can be recommended for the implementation in the food industry. It opens up prospects for expanding the use of secondary protein products in the production of food ingredients with improved organoleptic properties.
Introduction. The article substantiates the orientation of fruit growing toward a system of adaptive landscape farming and adaptive horticulture. The key areas have been identified: specialization and placement of varieties taking into account soil and climatic features, optimization of planting patterns, development of regional soil maintenance and moisture systems. The prospects for implementing the concept in the Republic of Dagestan have been shown: yield increase, economic effect. The goal of the research is to determine the relationships between yield, stability, productivity and adaptability from environmental conditions. The objects and methods of the research are the following plum varieties: Kabardinskaya Rannyaya, Vengerka Belorusskaya, Vengerka Italianskaya, Admiral Nakhimov, Stanley, President, Angelica, Zolotaya Kaplya, as well as the following cherry plum varieties: Rajabli, Obilnaya, Purpurovaya, Dessertnaya, Zhemchuzhina, Sputnitsa, Pionerka, Kometa; local and wild cherry plum root-stock. Observations and records when determining the criteria for the growth and development of the tree and fruit have been carried out using generally accepted methods in fruit growing, using methods of processing experimental data in fruit growing. The results and discussion. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental conditions of the area has been conducted based on the study and synthesis of long-term research results. A comprehensive assessment of the adaptability of plum and cherry plum varieties has been presented, as well as the relationship between adaptability and changes in technological support and economic indicators reflecting the crisis processes in horticulture. The ranges of variation in the coefficient of sustainability of fruiting productivity and long-term yield of plum and cherry plum varieties have been clarified. Conclusion. The identified patterns of relationships between the biological potential of plum and cherry plum varieties and the environment allow for planting in specific microzones and expansion of plantings in dry subtropical regions. An economic assessment of plum varieties has shown that profitability levels range from 70 to 140%. Calculations of the economic efficiency of adaptive (sustainable) cultivation of cherry plum varieties indicate an average annual benefit of 2,172,000 to 4,178,000 rubles.
Introduction. In modern agricultural practices, the use of new-generation biopreparations for normal plant growth and development has become essential. The research was conducted to determine the effect of biopreparations on winter wheat crops to achieve stable yields of high-quality grain. The object and methods. The research was conducted from 2023 to 2025 in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on chestnut soils. Agrochemical parameters of the soil: humus content (according to Tyurin) – 3.0-3.5%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-68 mg/kg of soil, pH 7.5-7.8, mobile phosphorus content – 15-17 mg/kg (according to Machigin), exchangeable potassium – 201-282 mg/kg of soil. During the experiment, records, observations and analyses were carried out according to the generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and Methodological Guide for Conducting Research in Agronomy”. The results and discussion. It was revealed that the AgroMineral biopreparation in the amount of 2 l/ha provided the photosynthetic potential for varieties of 2.56-2.59 million m 2 /ha × days, respectively. On average, during the growing season, the NPF indicators in the experiment varied within the range of 4.38-4.72 g / m 2 per day for the Fedor variety, and 4.42-4.78 g / m 2 per day for the Bumba variety. The amount of dry matter accumulated from 4.92 to 5.64 t / ha for the Fedor variety experimental variants, from 4.97 to 5.570 t / ha for the Bumba variety, and its greatest amount – 4.72-4.78 t / ha was formed for the varieties using the Biostim Grain in the amount of 1.5 l / ha + AgroMineral in the amount of 1.5 l / ha. Conclusion. It was established that the yield of winter wheat in the control group was 4.23-4.29 t / ha. Biological products increased grain productivity by 11.1-38.1% for the Fedor variety and by 12.8-41.3% for the Bumba variety. Yield increases amounted to 0.47-1.61 t/ha and 0.55-1.77 t/ha, respectively.
