Fruits and vegetables are essential components of a balanced diet, providing vital nutrients that support overall health and disease prevention. However, consumption among college students remains below recommended levels due to various socio-economic, environmental, and behavioral factors. This study assessed the factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption among students at the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with data collected from 183 students using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socio-economic characteristics, dietary habits, and perceived factors affecting consumption patterns. Results showed that the average monthly student allowance was ₦16,950, with ₦2,398.59 (14.15%) spent on fruits and vegetables. The most consumed fruits included oranges (90.2%) and bananas (87.4%), while commonly consumed vegetables were tomatoes (84.7%) and onions (83.1%). Key factors influencing consumption included nutritional knowledge, taste preference, financial constraints, and availability. Despite awareness of the health benefits, affordability and accessibility remained major barriers. The study concludes that enhancing students’ access to affordable fresh produce and promoting dietary education can improve consumption patterns. Findings provide insights into developing strategies to promote sustainable nutrition among college students, contributing to improved health and food security.
Malaria is a major challenge in the drylands of Nigeria, where transmission is strongly conditioned by climatic instability, environmental fragility and socio-demographic pressures. This study conducted a multi-temporal geo-epidemiological analysis of malaria incidence across Yobe State, aiming to identify climatic–environmental drivers of malaria heterogeneity and delineate spatial hotspots and cool-spots for targeted intervention. The study employed unsupervised machine-learning classification across the three micro-climatic zones – the SaSZ, TZ and SuSZ. Temporal analysis revealed distinct ecological contrasts with the SaSZ displayed weakly increasing but highly erratic incidence patterns (R² = 0.06), with intermittent peaks in 2016 and 2020. The TZ showed moderate fluctuations (R² = 0.04) with declines between 2014–2017 followed by resurgence from 2019–2023; while the SuSZ demonstrated a strong rising trend (R² = 0.77) and the highest burden, with annual incidence ranging from 300–420 cases per 1,000. Seasonal decomposition showed transmission peaks between August and September, following the rainfall-driven breeding cycle. Spatial modelling identified intense hotspots in the SuSZ (indices 0.61–1.0) particularly in Fika, Gadaka and Garin Gambo, while cold-spots (indices <0.10) were concentrated in the SaSZ around Dagona and Azam Kura. NDVI–malaria coupling revealed strong co-variation in wetter zones, with greenness indices consistently aligning with incidence maxima. Population density also correlated positively with malaria intensity, especially in peri-urban and irrigated communities. Generally, the study demonstrated that malaria risk in Yobe State is climate-sensitive, spatially heterogeneous and ecologically stratified. These findings provided an empirical foundation for climate-informed, zone-specific malaria interventions in Nigeria’s dryland environments.
Objectives: This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and curative-protective effects of extract of Elaeis oleifera against oral organophosphate poisoning in rats. Methods: The oil of yellow palm fruits was extracted; phytochemical screening and anti-poisoning activity of the palm oil were determined using standard methods. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Welch F, Tukey’s pairwise and multiple comparison tests (p≤0.05). Major findings: Yellow palm oil contained flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoid, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tocopherol and phenols. The biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase (157.60±5.79 - 241.80±17.16IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (192.80±8.25 - 221.20±22.29IU/L), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (2.80±0.47 - 4.80±0.19g/dL) and total bilirubin (0.00±0.00 - 0.06±0.02mg/dL) of yellow palm oil treated groups of rats (A, B, C and D) showed significant recovery from oral organophosphate induced toxicities as against group E (566.90±19.49IU/L, 824.20±35.71IU/L, 653.60±70.11IU/L, 8.50±2.47g/dL, 0.08±0.05mg/dL) which received only poison with no reversal of toxicities, although with significant differences (p = 0.0001-0.0013; multiple comparisons). The haematological parameters (WBC (8.4±0.537x109/L, 7.2±0.769x109/L), RBC (8.4±0.328x1012/L, 8.0±0.313x1012/L), HGB (15.9±0.505g/dL, 15.4±0.487g/dL), HCT (48.4±1.533%, 46.3±1.592%), MCV (57.9±0.869fL, 58.8±1.099fL), MCH (19.6±0.407pg, 19.9±0.367pg), MCHC (33.9±0.276g/dL, 34.1±0.304g/dL), PLT (555.4±80.223x109/L, 601.2±35.157x109/L), and MPV (7.46±0.385fL, 6.86±0.150fL)) of yellow palm oil treated groups of rats (B and D) were within normal ranges when compared to control group F (ascorbic acid treated, p = 0.0082-0.0250; multiple comparisons). Conclusions: Yellow palm fruit oil contains phytochemicals which ameliorate symptoms and reverse oral dichlorvos induced biochemical and haematological toxicities in rats; suggesting its use in traditional medicine as anti-poison.
Background: Stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH) is linked to poor outcomes in surgical patients, including those undergoing orthopaedic procedures. Despite this, data on the frequency of SIH and its association with surgical site infection (SSI) in elective orthopaedic surgery is limited in our setting. This study aimed to determine the frequency of SIH in patients undergoing elective long bone fracture fixation and assess its relationship with SSI. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted from April 2021 to March 2022 involving 50 adult patients undergoing elective long bone fracture fixation. Random blood sugar (RBS) was measured peri-operatively: after anaesthesia induction, at wound closure, and on post-operative days (POD) 1, 2, and 5. Patients were categorized into normoglycaemia and SIH groups. Wounds were inspected on POD 5 and weekly until the 4th postoperative week. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: SIH was observed in 10% of patients. The mean RBS associated with increased SSI risk was 112.8±22.1mg/dl. Mean RBS values were 102.4±13.0 (pre-op), 162.7±31.8 (intra-op), and 190.2±42.5mg/dl (POD 1–2), with significant differences between SIH and normoglycaemic groups (p=0.00). There was no significant difference in mean RBS on the operative day (p=0.58) or POD 5 (p=0.61). A strong correlation between elevated glucose and SSI was found. Conclusion: SIH occurred in 10% of cases. A mean RBS of 112.8mg/dl was linked to higher SSI risk. Blood glucose peaked by POD 2, but remained elevated in those who developed infections.
Mental health challenges are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), particularly in conflict-affected and resource-limited settings like Mogadishu, Somalia. While self-care practices have been widely recognized for enhancing psychological well-being in individuals with chronic illnesses, limited research has examined their role in improving mental health outcomes among PLWHA in Somalia. This study investigated the impact of self-care practices on the mental health of PLWHA in Mogadishu. A correlational research design was employed, involving 153 respondents who completed standardized self-care and mental health scales, with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients of 0.78 and 0.72, respectively. Anchored on the Health Belief Model (HBM), the study assessed the influence of physical, psychological, and professional self-care practices. Results from correlational and multiple regression analyses revealed that all three forms of self-care were significantly and positively associated with mental health. Psychological self-care demonstrated the strongest individual contribution (r = 0.625; β = .404), followed by physical (r = 0.622; β = .370) and professional self-care (r = 0.578; β = .302). Collectively, the self-care variables explained 65.7% of the variance in mental health (R² = 0.657), and the model was statistically significant (F(3,149) = 95.056, p < .005). These findings underscore the importance of holistic self-care strategies in promoting psychological well-being among PLWHA in fragile settings. The study recommends integrating self-care education, psychological support interventions, and physical wellness programs into existing HIV/AIDS care frameworks to enhance mental health outcomes in Somalia and similar contexts.
Background: Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum jeopardizes global malaria elimination, particularly with recent emergence in Africa.Objectives: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on artemisinin resistance to link molecular mechanisms with epidemiological spread, informing public health strategy.Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Peer-reviewed articles published between 2008 and 2025 were included. The review integrated molecular, genomic, and epidemiological studies focusing on kelch13 (k13) mutations, genomic surveillance data, and spatiotemporal models of resistance emergence across malaria-endemic regions. Results: Artemisinin resistance is primarily mediated by kelch13 gene mutations, which increase phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) levels and enhance ring-stage survival. It has arisen via multiple independent mutations (a soft selective sweep), with distinct regional patterns: established in Southeast Asia and recently independent emergence in Africa. Notably, k13 mutations such as C469Y, A675V, and R561H are increasing in prevalence in Uganda, Rwanda, and neighboring regions. Integrated genomic surveillance improves resistance tracking. Conclusion: Preserving artemisinin efficacy requires coordinated global action, strengthened surveillance, optimized treatment, and robust stewardship. Early genomic signals in Africa provide a critical window for intervention.
Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) remain a critical challenge, particularly in low-resource settings like Somalia, where hand hygiene compliance is often inadequate. This study focuses on improving hand hygiene practices at Garowe General Hospital. Aim: This study evaluated health workers’ knowledge of hand hygiene and identified the determinants influencing compliance at Garowe General Hospital, Somalia. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study combined direct observations and questionnaire. A sample of 379 was calculated using Kish Leslie’s formula at a 95% confidence interval and 5% error margin. 300 health workers responded (79.2%) and were analyzed. Hand hygiene compliance was observed across key clinical moments based on WHO guidelines, while knowledge and compliance determinants were assessed using structured questionnaires. Associations were tested using chi-square, and predictors were examined using binary logistic regression. Results: Awareness of hand hygiene protocols was significantly linked to better compliance (χ² = 5.432, p = 0.020). Key factors facilitating compliance included the availability of handwashing facilities (χ² = 9.231, p = 0.026) and manageable workloads (χ² = 6.782, p = 0.034). Conversely, barriers such as insufficient training, high patient loads, and lack of resources were associated with lower compliance (χ² = 4.821, p = 0.042). Observations revealed critical gaps, especially during high-pressure periods, despite good theoretical knowledge. Compliance was notably higher among health workers who received regular training and refresher courses. Conclusion/Recommendation: Improved hand hygiene compliance requires a multifaceted approach, addressing both individual knowledge and systemic barriers. Health workers’ awareness, workload management, and institutional support are critical in promoting adherence to hand hygiene protocols. Enhanced training and accessible hygiene resources should be prioritized.
The increase in the usage of pesticides and the persistence of their residues in the environment present significant risks to both wildlife and public health. This study investigated the presence, distribution and potential toxicological implications of pesticide residues in Thryonomys swinderianus (grascutter) harvested from three ecological zones of Nigeria. Tissue samples (liver, kidney and flesh) were analyzed for nineteen pesticide residues; including fifteen organochlorines, two pyrethroids (α- and β-cypermethrin) and one each from the triazine (atrazine) and organophosphate (glyphosate) classes. Results revealed widespread contamination, particularly in the liver and kidney, with several residues such as heptachlor, DDT and its metabolites (p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDE), aldrin, dieldrin and endosulfan exceeding or approaching international Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Organochlorine pesticides were the most dominant, with regional variations in concentration levels reflecting differences in pesticide application practices and environmental dynamics. Flesh samples contained the lowest residue levels, though detectable traces of persistent compounds like DDT and its metabolites were present. Atrazine and glyphosate were largely undetected. The findings underscore the persistence use of banned and restricted pesticides in the Nigerian environment and highlight the potential public health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated bushmeat.
Background: Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungus in many environments; from the air we breathe and the ground beneath us to even the International Space Station. It has proven capable of yielding no fewer than 226 bioactive compounds, 36 of which are chemical structures that may be connected to the genome of Aspergillus fumigatus through biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This systematic review aims to investigate the status of Aspergillus fumigatus metabolites that are of antimicrobial importance. Methods: PubMed was systematically searched on November 5, 2023, using the algorithm "Aspergillus fumigatus" AND "Metabolites" AND "Antimicrobial." In line with PRISMA guidelines, three qualifying studies were selected for inclusion. Results: A total of sixty (60) articles were retrieved without duplicates, of which forty-eight (48) articles were screened out upon title and abstract screening. Five articles (5) were also excluded for lack of accessible full text, and finally four (4) articles were removed as review articles, and three (3) studies were used in this research as they meet the criteria since the review is focusing on only experimental work that studied metabolites of Aspergillus fumigatuswith antimicrobial properties with no restriction to year or continent. The three articles included in the study revealed 77 metabolites, among which 29 are polyketides, 26 are terpenoids, 14 are peptides, and 9 are alkaloids, as they were classified based on structural and biochemical characteristics. These metabolites exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects and offer promising templates for the development of novel drugs. Conclusion: In our review, we highlighted secondary metabolites of Aspergillus fumigatusfrom different environments around the world that demonstrated antimicrobial effects. This has not been reported in any previous work as far as we know, as previous publications reported the genus generally, but this work is specific to the fumigatus species, and it needs to be explored in different environments, especially extreme environments like hot springs, where there is less information available. Previous research has demonstrated that microorganisms from extreme environments are excellent candidates to produce antimicrobials.
This study investigates the impact of SAMPEA 20-T cowpea cultivar on inflammatory markers in Wistar rats. Wistar rats weighing 200–250g were assigned into four groups: a control group fed a normal diet and water, and three treatment groups fed 25%, 50%, and 100% SAMPEA 20T cowpea diets, respectively, for 14 days. Inflammatory markers, colon; histopathology C-reactive protein (CRP) and packed cell volume (PCV), were assessed to determine the effects of SAMPEA 20-T consumption. The is no significant differences in CRP levels across treatment groups, with mean CRP values of 1.23 mg/L in the 25% group to 1.42 mg/L in the 100% group, compared to 1.10 mg/L in the control group (p value 0.00). Similarly, PCV levels exhibited a decreasing trend from 45.00% in the control group to 36.50% in the 100% treatment group. Histopathological examination also, revealed no signs of inflammation or tissue damage in the colons of treated rats, with intact mucosal architecture and normal glandular arrangement across all groups. The findings suggest that SAMPEA 20-T consumption do not induce significant inflammatory responses and histopathological changes in Wistar rats. The study highlights the potential safety of SAMPEA 20-T as a dietary component and its non-inflammatory properties, contributing to its potential role in health management and nutrition.
Sustainable development in Africa faces numerous challenges, including environmental degradation, resource depletion, and socio-economic inequalities. Environmental chemistry, as an interdisciplinary field, offers critical insights and solutions to these problems by addressing pollution, waste management, and resource efficiency. This paper explores the role of environmental chemistry in fostering sustainable development, particularly in northern Nigeria. It examines how integrating environmental chemistry with other disciplines can enhance the effectiveness of sustainable practices, proposing a framework for collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and local communities.
Background: Postpartum care (PPC) is a critical pillar for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, its utilization is often influenced by various socio-cultural and healthcare-related factors. Objective: This study examines the factors affecting PPC utilization among women of different parity groups in secondary health facilities in Katsina State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires to collect data from 440 women on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and factors influencing PPC utilization across 10 weeks (June-August 2024). Results were analyzed using SPSS version 24. A Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to determine significant differences in these factors across parity groups. While demographics and factors affecting PPC utilization were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: The study found that cultural factors, proximity to healthcare facilities, health workers’ attitudes, and perceived quality of care significantly influenced PPC utilization across parity groups (p < 0.05), whereas financial constraints and previous obstetric complications did not show significant variation across parity groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that while some factors vary with parity, others consistently affect PPC utilization regardless of the number of previous births. Conclusion: Efforts to improve PPC utilization should integrate culturally sensitive approaches, enhance healthcare accessibility, and promote positive health worker-patient interactions. Policymakers should tailor interventions to address the unique needs of different parity groups while ensuring financial and structural barriers are minimized.
Background: Rotavirus is severe diarrhea in young children, resulting in over 200,000 deaths worldwide. Various methods, including ELISA and RT-PCR, are used to detect rotavirus in stool samples. Methods: The study screened 98 stool samples from hospitalized children under five with diarrhea in Gezira State, Sudan, using ELISA. Results: Rotavirus was significantly detected (P-value = 0.04), with a higher incidence in males (73%) than in females (27%). The infection was most prevalent in children aged 2-3 years. Discussion: The findings indicate a significant prevalence of rotavirus, consistent with previous studies in Egypt and Sudan. The high infection rate in children aged 2-3 may relate to improved hygiene in older children. A notable 87% prevalence was observed in children from low socioeconomic backgrounds, likely due to poor sanitation. The male predominance in infection rates aligns with similar findings from India. Conclusions: ELISA proves effective for screening rotavirus in fecal specimens. The study's results support the potential introduction of a rotavirus vaccine.
Background: Methamphetamine is an active central nervous system stimulant known for its great ability to cause addiction as well neurotoxicity, often used illicitly for its euphoric effects. On the other hand, Ginkgo biloba is a traditional herbal remedy with many therapeutic benefits. It has been reputed for its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects, cognitive-enhancing, and antioxidant properties. It has been reported as one of the most sold plants because of its rich content in various bioactive chemicals. Objective: The present study investigated the attenuating ability of Ginkgo biloba extract on methamphetamine-induced mucosal oxidative stress and hepato-ileal toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methodology: Sixty [60] male Wistar rats were distributed into five [5] groups. First group received normal rat chow; Group 2 received Ginkgo biloba; Third group received Methamphetamine; Fourth group received Ginkgo biloba + Methamphetamine; Group 5 received Ginkgo biloba + Methamphetamine. Each animal was allowed unhindered access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum within 28 days. After this, animals were euthanized, and tissues and blood samples were obtained for histological and biochemical examinations. Result: The outcomes suggested increased levels of oxidative stress markers and liver enzymes, with cytoarchitecture distortion of intestinal and liver tissues in the methamphetamine-treated groups. On the other hand, the Ginkgo biloba supplementation group showed noticeable improvement with the recovering of the intestinal tissues and liver tissues and notable modulation in liver enzyme activities/levels, as well as up-regulation of in vivo antioxidant armories. Conclusion: From our investigation, it may be assumed that the presence of rich bioactive chemicals in Ginkgo biloba may be responsible for the modulatory effects on liver enzyme activities/levels that may possibly confer protective effects on the liver and ileal epithelium and may also possibly up-regulate antioxidant defenses in the liver, stomach, and ileum, as found in the animal model used in the study.
Urolithiasis is a growing global health concern, particularly in regions with high rates of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. This review explores the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications of urolithiasis in the context of diabetes mellitus. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, projected to affect 640 million people worldwide by 2040, significantly elevates the risk of urolithiasis due to metabolic changes that alter urinary pH and increase the excretion of stone-forming substances. In Africa, the burden of both conditions is rising, with urbanization and lifestyle changes contributing to higher incidences. The review highlights the interplay between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dietary habits as key risk factors. It also examines the clinical challenges posed by the coexistence of urolithiasis and diabetes, including recurrent stone formation, chronic kidney disease, and urinary tract infections. Effective management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and surgical options, are discussed. The review underscores the importance of early detection, patient education, and a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate the long-term burden of these interrelated conditions.
Introduction: Rhesus (Rh) factor compatibility is crucial for couples, and its awareness is especially important in making decisions on partner choice, to ensure a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. It is essential to understand blood types and potential incompatibility problems before committing to a partner. Objective: To assess the knowledge and perception of the implications of rhesus incompatibility on the choice of marriage partners among public secondary school students in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive multi-stage study design was conducted in selected public secondary schools in Ogbomoso, southwest Nigeria. Data obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and the results obtained were presented in tables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Most of the respondents (69.61%) had poor knowledge about Rh incompatibility. Most respondents (77.14%) would not consider the Rh Factor when choosing a partner for a serious relationship, while only 18.44% would do so when choosing a partner for a serious relationship. Conclusion: Findings from this study reveal inadequate knowledge of Rhesus incompatibility and its implications on the choice of partner. It is therefore pertinent for secondary school students to have adequate knowledge of the implications of the blood grouping system of a partner before marriage and raising a family.
Introduction: Uterine fibroid is the most common benign gynaecological tumour in women of reproductive age, with a significant impact on the quality of life, economy, morbidity and sometimes mortality of affected women. The prevalence of uterine fibroids is notably higher in Black women compared to other racial backgrounds. It is estimated that fibroids are present in 60-80% of Black women compared to 30-40% in white women of reproductive age. This case is reported due to the unusual presentation of symptomatic uterine fibroid with haemoperitoneum. Case Summary: A case of symptomatic uterine fibroid with haemoperitoneum is presented. The patient presented with progressive lower abdominal swelling, excessive menstrual flow and Dizziness. She had an exploratory laparotomy, myomectomy plus peritoneal irrigation on account of haemoperitonium following a ruptured vessel on a fibroid. OUTCOME: The patient was managed successfully, had an uneventful postoperative period and follow-up visit. Conclusion: Spontaneous rupture of a vessel over a fibroid is a rare cause of hemoperitoneum. This condition can be life-threatening and should be borne in mind in any woman with fibroids presenting with an acute abdomen and signs of blood loss. Emergency laparotomy is recommended to arrest haemorrhage and establish the diagnosis.
Introduction: The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of human diseases has deep historical roots in ancient Egypt, where herbal remedies were integral to traditional healthcare systems. This systematic review aimed to evaluate current evidence on the effects of native Egyptian medicinal plants on male fertility outcomes, alongside the chemical characterization of these plants' bioactive constituents.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature research was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published between 1968 and 2024. Search terms included ("Extract" OR "Medicinal Plants") AND ("Male infertility" OR "Male fertility"). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials using experimental animal models, examining the impact of Egyptian medicinal plants on male fertility outcomes with appropriate control groups. Results: Out of the initial search, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. These studies identified several plant species—Moringa oleifera, Allium sativum, Epimedium brevicornum, Punica granatum (Pomegranate), Sargassum virgatum, and Artemisia annua—as having fertility-enhancing properties in male animal models. These medicinal plant extracts improved fertility outcomes by modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory biomarkers, and enhancing reproductive hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone. Chemical characterization consistently revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, o-coumaric acid, alkaloids, ferulic acid, glycosides, p-coumaric acid, cardiac glycosides, chlorogenic acid, saponins, vanillic acid, phenols, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sterols, catechin, tannins, gallic acid, and rutin.Conclusion: Egyptian medicinal plants represent a promising and culturally relevant approach for managing male infertility through mechanisms involving reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, further well-designed studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore their broader therapeutic applications across different populations.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancing agent known for its potential adverse effects, particularly its toxicity to the liver through the induction of oxidative stress. The current study evaluated the protective potential of α-tocopherol on MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. In this experiment, adult Wistar rats, 20 in number, each weighing between 160g and 170g, were systematically allocated into four groups made up of five rats per group: Group A (control group), Group B (administered 200 mg/kg body weight [BW] of MSG), Group C (received 100 IU/kg BW of vitamin E one hour prior to the MSG treatment), and Group D (given 100 IU/kg BW of vitamin E only). After administration, the rats were sacrificed, and liver function, oxidative stress markers, and histology were assessed. Results showed that MSG significantly increased ALT, AST, albumin, and total bilirubin levels, indicating altered liver enzyme activity. MSG also induced oxidative stress, evidenced by significantly decline [p<0.05] levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) along with a significant elevation in malondialdehyde as well as zonal necrosis and mild Kupffer cell activation, with increased collagen deposit in the liver. However, treatment with α-tocopherol significantly improved liver enzyme biomarkers, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation as well as marked improvements in liver histology as evidenced by relatively normal liver histoarchitecture and reduced deposits of collagen fibers. Evidences from this study suggest that α-tocopherol confers protective effects on MSG-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, liver enzymes and collagen deposition, elaborating its potency as a therapeutic agent against hepatotoxicity.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has substantially impacted several fields. The rise of deep learning (DL) together with machine learning (ML), plus the availability of enormous DNA datasets, has opened new possibilities for research targeted at applying these models for predicting breast cancer based on genetic data. Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent and dangerous diseases affecting women, and diagnosing it early can dramatically cut the mortality rates. Due to large genetic databases, deep learning has tremendous promise for predicting breast cancer. However, predicting which genes lead to malignant cells remains tough. Identifying and extracting genes responsible for cancer is critical for accurate cancer prediction. Effective prediction can also facilitate the design and administration of targeted medications. In this work, we retrieved exons from our studies' breast cancer gene sequence. The exonic regions were extracted, used to develop two deep learning models: DNN, and bi-LSTM network. DNA series were translated using K-MER method, while class labels were represented through one-hot encoding. Model performance was evaluated using standard classification metrics. The DNN model achieved a training precision of ninety-eight point five (98.5%) with validation precision of ninety-six percent (96%), whereas the bi-LSTM model obtained a training precision of ninety-four five percent (94.5%) with validation precision of ninety-one percent (91%), indicating the effectiveness of the DNN in this context.
