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Forensic statements produced by forensic pathologists in murder and attempted murder cases must communicate complex medical assessments to diverse audiences, such as forensic pathologists, but also to groups who are not medical experts such as police, lawyers, judges, jury members and lay judges. This article examines how forensic pathologists navigate the communicative tensions that arise when their written statements must address audiences with widely differing levels of medical knowledge and genre familiarity. Through a qualitative study design, the study explores the perspectives and priorities that shape the linguistic choices in these statements. Two focus groups with a total of ten forensic pathologists were conducted, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Six key themes were identified: 1) The internal target group, where statements are primarily written to the forensic pathologist themselves or other forensic pathologists; 2) The balancing act between precision and comprehensibility; 3) Objectivity as a decisive factor in linguistic choices; 4) The role of tradition and the local linguistic culture; 5) Authority and how this is constructed through language; and 6) The difficulties of assessing the lay audience’s understanding. The study shows how forensic pathologists navigate the tension between expert precision and lay comprehensibility. While the internal target group is prioritized, efforts are made to accommodate lay understanding—though often constrained by institutional language traditions, perceptions of authority, and a rhetorical preference for objectivity. The findings suggest a strong linguistic culture and highlight challenges related to the “curse of expertise”.

Artiklen diskuterer variationsparametrene i de forskellige standarder for talt tysk i Wien (Østrig). Vi argumenterer for tre sociolektale lag: En talt standard, der tilnærmer sig (men stadig er markant forskellig fra) standardtysk og som normalt er forbundet med højere sociale niveauer, en dialektal standard forbundet med lavere sociale niveauer og et mellemniveau, der bruges af alle medlemmer af sprogfællesskabet under forskellige forhold. Talerne bruger kodeskift til at afspejle aspekter af situationen med hensyn til ytringernes talehandlingsfunktioner (informativ eller passioneret), niveauet af formalitet og relationerne til samtalepartnerne. Spor af dette tredelte variationssystem findes i lokale tekster allerede i 1950’erne, og situationen ser ud til at have været stabil siden da.

This study investigates the role of multimodal metaphors in public service advertisements (PSAs), focusing on their application across diverse cultural contexts to understand their impact on global communication. It explores how metaphors are structurally encoded through cognitive, visual, and textual formats, providing insights into their persuasive and communicative functions. Utilizing Lakoff & Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Forceville’s (2008) multimodal metaphor framework, and Trompenaars’ (1994; 2004) cultural dimensions, the research examines PSAs addressing global warming from both individualistic and collectivist cultural contexts. The analysis is based on a dataset of 100 global warming PSAs sourced from AdForum’s international advertising database. This selection ensures that the advertisements represent a range of effective communication practices across different cultural dimensions. The study is driven by two research questions: a) How is pictorial metaphor structurally encoded across cognitive, visual, and textual modes in PSAs produced in different cultural contexts? b) What intended messages do the PSAs imply, and how do pictorial metaphors and cultural elements contribute to their communicative function? The findings reveal: 1) PSAs from individualistic cultures tend to use straightforward, visually explicit metaphors, while PSAs from communitarian cultures favor more complex, implicit metaphors, reflecting cultural preferences for directness versus contextualization. 2) The intended messages of PSAs vary by cultural context, with individualistic cultures emphasizing personal responsibility through metaphors, while collectivist cultures highlight collective action and shared responsibility. These findings demonstrate how metaphors are tailored to resonate with cultural values, contributing to the fields of advertising, cross-cultural communication, and environmental advocacy.

This study investigates how linguistic patterns represent brand narratives within content marketing, focusing on Nike and Coca-Cola as examples. Through the analysis of 40 brand narratives from each brand, three core aspects are analysed, namely, how plot staging, plot progression, and cognitive tension emerge in these narratives and whether predictable linguistic patterns are used. The analysis with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) shows that Nike emphasises action and athletic challenges, incorporating narrative features like staging, plot progression, and cognitive tension. Coca-Cola, on the other hand, focuses more on emotional appeal and brand heritage, while drawing on cognitive tension. However, both brands follow mostly predictable linguistic patterns that align with traditional storytelling structures. The study provides strategic insights for marketers on using language to create engaging, coherent brand stories that resonate emotionally with audiences.

Although studies on intercultural competence (IC) and teacher beliefs are relatively common, no research has yet focused on teachers of Danish as a second language for adult migrants. More broadly, second language teaching in migration contexts, especially for languages other than English, remains significantly underexplored (Ushioda 2017). The primary research questions guiding this study are: 1) How do teachers conceptualize IC? 2) How do they value IC? 3) How do they describe their IC practice? and 4) How does the way that teachers conceptualize and value IC relate to their classroom practices? Findings suggest that while teachers have a relatively broad understanding and recognize the value of IC, they face significant challenges implementing their theoretical knowledge about IC. Notably, there is a weak alignment between teachers’ stated beliefs and their observed classroom practices. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of second-language teaching in migration contexts beyond English-language instruction.

This small-scale study examines English foreign language (EFL) teaching in Danish upper secondary education (gymnasium), investigating the dynamics of language use among pupils in Danish upper secondary English classes. Through direct classroom observations, we explore how pupils engage with the language, particularly focussing on the prevalence of Danish versus English speech. We aim to explore how much English language spoken input upper secondary pupils receive and how much English language output pupils produce. Our findings reveal a notable tendency among pupils to predominantly use Danish during English classes or opting for silence altogether. In terms of input, we found that English is widely used by teachers in class, however, they switch to Danish when teaching grammar. This phenomenon underscores an interplay of cultural, motivational, and personal factors influencing pupil language choice and proficiency development. Our discussion considers the underlying reasons behind this linguistic behaviour, as well as the challenges and implications for language learning and teaching in Danish upper secondary education. Furthermore, we look at similar phenomena in a broader European context. We discuss the potential impact of classroom environment and pupil attitudes on language use patterns, offering insights to enhance English language acquisition and communication skills among pupils. By addressing the observed disparities between language instruction and pupil language output, this study contributes to an understanding of language learning dynamics within the Danish upper secondary context.

English oral proficiency is increasingly valued in education and the job market, yet it is still underrepresented in second language (L2) instruction and research. This study explores to what extent this paradox applies in a Danish educational context. Drawing on data from three English-related programs at Aalborg University – English; Language and International Studies, English (LISE); and International Business Communication in English (IBC), the study investigates students’ oral language use patterns (extent, contexts, interlocutors), the significance they attribute to oral proficiency, their perceived oral proficiency, and the relationship between the importance attributed to oral proficiency and the perceived oral proficiency, touching on academic, professional, and personal contexts. The findings show that most students use English daily at university and beyond for listening and dialogue. However, language choice often depends on whether the interlocutor also speaks Danish. Moreover, students are more comfortable discussing everyday topics than academic and professional ones, and many wish to improve their proficiency in relation to the latter. Comfort levels often vary by interlocutor rather than by topic. Most respondents perceive oral and written proficiency as equally important, which likely reflects their academic background and, correspondingly, their career plans involving written English. Considering different components of oral proficiency, fluency and pronunciation are prioritized over grammar and vocabulary. Most respondents assess their proficiency of oral English as near-native or advanced, especially with respect to pronunciation, while assessing their fluency and vocabulary slightly lower. We found a tendency for a positive relationship between the importance attributed by respondents to certain components of oral proficiency and their own perceived proficiency in these components, especially in regard to grammar. This relationship may reflect that the importance of grammar is less salient than the importance of fluency, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The findings of the study invite further research into for instance the influence of curricula, language anxiety and students’ feeling of comfort in relation to topics.

The two idiomatic constructions verge of and brink of are often considered overlapping constructions that express impending future events. Moreover, it is held that brink of in particular tends to express negative events such as disasters, misfortune, and the like. While both are documented in many dictionaries of English, and verge of is sometimes described in English grammars, neither construction had really been systematically studied before Wiliński published a research article in 2017 in which a distinctive collexeme analysis mapped distinctive patterns in the lexical items appearing after of in either construction. Taking a step further, the present study, drawing on data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English, applies a corpus-based multivariate version of distinctive collexeme analysis to the two constructions, which not only takes collexemes into consideration but involves 11 additional variables, such as, for example, the preposition before verge and brink, semantic prosody, and discourse prosody as well as register. Thus, this article presents usage-based distinctive collo-profiles pertaining to the two constructions that offer more detailed pictures than traditional monovariate analyses can.

In this paper, I define and develop the concept of “(textual) anaphora”, i.e. text relations between an anaphor and an antecedent, and I focus particularly on the so-called direct anaphors, viz. the anaphors that designate the same individual entity as the antecedent. My primary attention is on the linguistic material of the anaphors, which fundamentally depends on the antecedent’s pragmatic prominence, i.e. its degree of presence and saliency in the hearer’s mental-cognitive representation, at the moment it is anaphorised. This prominence is based partly on the antecedent’s topicality, which in turn depends on its place in four different semantic, syntactic and referential hierarchies, partly on the text and narrative structure, e.g. the textual distance between antecedent and anaphor, the presence of other possible antecedents, and possible topic changes. The topicality and the text/narrative structure can also be defined as “vertical” and “horizontal” criteria respectively, and as empirical evidence I use a bilingual (Italian – Danish) text corpus as well as other text sources. All examples are translated into English.

This small-scale study examines English foreign language (EFL) teaching in Danish upper secondary education (gymnasium), investigating the dynamics of language use among pupils in Danish upper secondary English classes. Through direct classroom observations, we explore how pupils engage with the language, particularly focussing on the prevalence of Danish versus English speech. We aim to explore how much English language spoken input upper secondary pupils receive and how much English language output pupils produce. Our findings reveal a notable tendency among pupils to predominantly use Danish during English classes or opting for silence altogether. In terms of input, we found that English is widely used by teachers in class, however, they switch to Danish when teaching grammar. This phenomenon underscores an interplay of cultural, motivational, and personal factors influencing pupil language choice and proficiency development. Our discussion considers the underlying reasons behind this linguistic behaviour, as well as the challenges and implications for language learning and teaching in Danish upper secondary education. Furthermore, we look at similar phenomena in a broader European context. We discuss the potential impact of classroom environment and pupil attitudes on language use patterns, offering insights to enhance English language acquisition and communication skills among pupils. By addressing the observed disparities between language instruction and pupil language output, this study contributes to an understanding of language learning dynamics within the Danish upper secondary context.

This paper presents a study of two kinds of intensifiers in Danish, i.e., intensifying adverbs like rigtig (cf. rigtig glad ‘really happy’) and first compounding elements such as super- (cf. superglad ‘super happy’). For languages that make use of intensifiers it is often observed that there is a steady recruitment of new candidates and a revitalization of earlier candidates for this function, processes known as renewal and recycling. In this paper, these processes are explained as a cyclical reflex of two of Levinson’s Neogricean heuristics, namely the I-heuristic and the M-heuristic (Levinson 2000). Furthermore, it is shown that the literal semantics of elements recruited to the function of intensifier is of little, if any, importance; it is the mere fact that the recruits enter the morpho-syntactic matrix of intensifying constructions that prompts the function as intensifying element.

The rapid pace of urbanization has intensified competition among businesses, prompting the adoption of innovative strategies to enhance sales performance and customer engagement. PT Inspirasi Bisnis Nusantara, under the HAUS! brand, introduced “Huling,” a hyperlocal distribution service utilizing electric bikes (e-bikes) equipped with integrated storage boxes to improve delivery efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study aims to evaluate customer acceptance of the Huling service by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The model incorporates five core variables: Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude Towards Usage (ATU), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Actual Usage (AU). A quantitative research approach was employed, collecting data from 258 respondents through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to assess the relationships among the TAM variables. The findings reveal that PEOU has a significant positive effect on both PU and ATU, indicating that ease of use not only improves perceptions of usefulness but also fosters favorable attitudes toward adoption. PU significantly influences ATU and BI, suggesting that perceived benefits drive both positive attitudes and intentions to use the service. Furthermore, BI has a direct and significant effect on AU, confirming that stronger behavioral intentions translate into actual utilization. The analysis highlights the strongest impact along the pathway PEOU → ATU → BI → AU, underscoring the critical role of user-friendly design and positive attitudes in driving customer adoption. This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the applicability of TAM in the hyperlocal distribution sector, offering practical implications for service providers seeking to enhance user acceptance through improved usability and perceived value. The findings suggest that optimizing ease of use and communicating tangible benefits can significantly increase customer engagement and sustained usage of innovative delivery services.

The Cargo oil pump is one of the auxiliary units on board a ship, used to transfer cargo from one location to another during loading and unloading operations. On the MT Pangrango vessel, an issue occurred with the cargo oil pump: its performance declined, resulting in slow suction during the unloading process. This problem hindered efficient cargo operations, as the pump was not functioning properly.This study aims to identify the contributing factors, impacts, and countermeasures for the decreased performance of the cargo oil pump. The research methodology applied in this thesis involved a descriptive approach combined with Miles and Huberman’s analytical method, with data validity tested via triangulation. Data collection techniques used to identify the problem included observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review.The results revealed that the pump’s shaft was worn due to excessive friction, and the ball bearing s exhibited wear and disintegration caused by lack of lubrication (grease). The recommended corrective actions were to add material to the shaft , perform realignment to correct any shaft misalignment, and implement routine maintenance—specifically, monthly grease lubrication. These measures, when properly applied, can significantly reduce the risk of Cargo oil pump damage.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of utilizing vacant spaces within airports to enhance non-aeronautical revenue through collaboration with Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Given the growing importance of non-aeronautical revenue sources in the aviation industry, this research focuses on how airports can optimize underutilized spaces for commercial purposes. The research method applied is library research, where relevant literature, journals, and previous studies are reviewed to gain insights into successful strategies and best practices. The findings of the study indicate that the development of commercial spaces, such as fast-food tenants, retail outlets, and photo booths, can significantly enhance the passenger experience by providing convenient services and entertainment. Additionally, these developments offer a sustainable alternative revenue stream for airports, diversifying income beyond traditional aeronautical activities. The research also explores the role of the Value Proposition Canvas business model to assess the alignment between the value offered by these services and the needs of passengers. By applying this model, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding customer expectations and ensuring that airport services meet these demands. The analysis further highlights that successful implementation of these strategies requires careful planning, including collaboration between airport management, MSMEs, local governments, and sponsors. Building strong partnerships and ensuring mutual benefit are critical for maximizing the non-aeronautical revenue potential. The study concludes by suggesting that airports can leverage vacant spaces more effectively to not only boost revenue but also improve the overall passenger experience, contributing to the long-term sustainability and growth of the airport sector.

This study aims to analyze the potential utilization of empty space on the second floor of the domestic terminal of Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport (ZAM) Lombok to increase revenue from the non-aeronautical sector. The background of this study is based on the importance of optimizing airport assets to support long-term financial sustainability. This is crucial considering that the aeronautical sector is highly dependent on fluctuating flight traffic. Therefore, the development of the non-aerospace sector is a strategic alternative that needs to be seriously addressed. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation on site, interviews with airport management, and documentation studies. The results of the observation indicate that there is an empty space on the second floor of the terminal, specifically between the waiting room and a row of commercial tenants, which has not been optimally utilized. This area is considered to have a strategic position and quite high passenger traffic, so it has the potential to be developed into a new commercial facility. One of the proposed developments is a photobox service business unit with a local Lombok cultural theme. This concept is considered interesting because it combines digital technology with elements of cultural tourism promotion, in line with the trend of tourist needs for documentation and unique experiences. A feasibility analysis was conducted using the Business Model Canvas approach and the 7P marketing strategy (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence). The results showed that this idea is feasible from both an operational and marketing perspective. The study concluded that developing a photo booth business in an empty airport area has the potential to become a new, stable, efficient, and market-relevant source of revenue. Recommendations are given to airport management to immediately realize the utilization of this area to support the airport's role as a regional economic and tourism hub.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Terminal Inspection Service (TIS) Unit in supervising landside facilities at Minangkabau International Airport. Landside facilities include passenger terminals, drop-off areas, parking lots, and other public spaces that serve as key interaction points between airport services and users. Effective supervision of these areas is essential to ensure safety, comfort, and order within the airport environment. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this research, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with TIS personnel and related stakeholders, as well as documentation analysis of existing regulations and supervision procedures.The findings reveal that the TIS Unit plays a strategic role in maintaining service quality and the security of landside facilities. This role is carried out through regular monitoring activities, early detection of potential disruptions, and the handling of various violations in public areas. However, the implementation of TIS duties still faces several challenges. These include limited personnel, which restricts comprehensive supervision of all areas; slow response from relevant units when operational issues are reported; and low discipline and compliance among service users, which further complicates enforcement efforts.To enhance the effectiveness of supervision, this study proposes several recommendations. These include strengthening inter-unit coordination within the airport, providing ongoing training for TIS personnel to improve competency and responsiveness, and implementing an integrated digital reporting system to streamline reporting and follow-up processes. Such measures are expected to support more optimal and sustainable supervision of landside facilities at the airport.

Disposal area is an area at an open pit mine that is used as a place to store or dispose of worthless materials. Disposal must also follow the specified safety factor standards, if the disposal design is not safe after being analyzed by a geotechnical engineer, the design must be redesigned to achieve the desired safety factor value. One way to increase the fk value is to make a Counterweight plan in making disposal. Where Counterweight is a fill material that is made with special treatment so that the soil bearing capacity increases which functions to withstand the load on it. Landslides on disposal slopes are one of the serious problems faced in mining activities, especially in areas with vulnerable geological and topographic conditions. PT Jembayan Muarabara, which operates in Marangkayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, is no exception to this challenge. The A–A’ cross section shows a safety factor value of 1.118 in saturated conditions, which indicates that the slope is at a stable limit and needs to be improved through engineering such as adding counterweights. The B–B’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 2.332, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The C-C’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 1.511, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018.

Coal mining in indonesia mostlyuses open pit mining methods. Including coal mines owned by PT Bima Nusa Internasional. Administratively, the research area is located in the muara komam area, batu sopang sub-district, paser district, east kalimantan. Open pit mining is a direct method that is exposed to free air above the surface. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on the production of coal hauling equipment at PT Bima Nusa Internasional. High rainfall can affect the performance of coal hauling equipment, which in turn has the potential to disrupt operational smoothness and reduce productivity. This study uses a quantitativeapporach by analyzing daily rainfall data for two months and coal hauling equipmentproduction data for a two months period. The results of the study show that there is a significant negative relationship between rainfall and the amount of coal transport equipment production.

Durability is defined as a measure of a rock's resistance to weathering and disintegration when the rock undergoes weathering processes over a short period of time. The susceptibility of rocks to disintegration is related to their low durability. Rock durability is often measured using the slake durability test. The slake durability test is widely used to assess physical changes resulting from wetting-drying processes (Franklin and Chandra, 1972). Therefore, slake durability testing is conducted to understand the weathering of rocks caused by heat and water, particularly clay stones which are one of the constituent rocks on a slope. The sampling location is around Sanga-sanga and Muara Badak. Sampling was conducted with coordinate points and the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations. The claystone samples taken were then brought to the Mineral and Coal Technology Laboratory of the Engineering Faculty of Mulawarman University for Slake Durability tests. In this study, the lowest index value obtained was 45.7% and the highest value was 93%, indicating high to very high durability. The difference in the durability index values of claystone at the research locations indicates the presence of variables that can affect the slake durability index values of the claystone in the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations, including grain size and mineral content as well as geological conditions at the research site. Based on the results of the claystone durability tests, the durability index value (Id2) was obtained, indicating that the sandstone at the research location falls into the classification of high to low.

This applied scientific work is entitled "Design of Automatic Smart Berthing System Based on Arduino". Ships are a comfortable alternative transportation. Currently, ship development is needed so that they can operate properly. During the docking process, ship accidents often occur in ports both nationally and internationally. Therefore, a better development or safety is needed that can be given to ships during the docking process. This tool uses the Arduino Nano microcontroller as the main control and an ultrasonic sensor as a distance counter to prevent accidents. This applied scientific work aims to realize and facilitate work on the ship by abandoning manual methods. Berthing is the location of the ship's mooring or security, the area around the ship where the anchor is thrown, the ship's residence, employing the ship's crew and positioning the ship in the desired place. This scientific paper uses experimental research as its research method. The use of experimental research methods in educational research will be faced with problems concerning research subjects. Experimental research is also research that is carried out intentionally by researchers by providing certain treatments to research subjects in order to create a tool or design that is expected by the researcher.