Agri-food trade has evolved from the local to the international level, and this requires companies in the sector to constantly update their skills so they can join global value chains. The purpose of this study is to present the factors that have influenced the in-ternationalization of horticultural smes in these chains. A qualitative approach was used, through structured interviews, by means of a case study. The factors found in-cluded the standards of quality that companies must be able to meet to international-ize, upgrades made to add value to their products, satisfying government and foreign buyers’ requirements, and governance, which varies according to the size of the com-pany. It is concluded that investment in machinery, technology, training, and product diversification has positively boosted the companies’ internationalization and upward mobility.
The analytical approach proposed in this article comes from the area of regional econ-omy. The main aim of this paper is to detail the business structure of Mexico in terms of employment in the manufacturing subsectors and at the regional level in the period 1988-2018. The traditional shift-share methodology is used to describe performance by type of company across the large division of manufacturing industry activity, in order to establish the most dynamic subsectors. Additionally, expanded shift-share is incorporated as a methodological proposal to weight the level of contribution of the business structure. The results establish that in msmes the food industry registers the best performance, while for large companies the metal products industry does best. It is corroborated that msmes specialize in traditional activities with a greater presence in the Central, Pacific and Southern regions. Meanwhile, large companies concentrate on modern and highly technical activities with greater growth in the Northern Border and North-Central regions. This makes it necessary to develop sectoral policies to im-prove the performance of each manufacturing division.
Objective: to identify the geographical distribution of fruit growing in the Southern region of Jalisco. Methodology: the georeferencing of avocado and berry orchards identified through satellite images provided by the Google Earth system. The resulting polygons were processed with the qgi s software, and we went on to corroborate the information on site. Results: it was estimated that in 2021, in the South of Jalisco, there were almost 40 000 hectares planted with avocado and more than 5 000 hectares ded-icated to the production of berries. In the case of avocado, more than 8 000 hectares had been planted in forest areas, which has created conditions of greater vulnerabili-ty in several parts of the region. Value: this work takes a step towards estimating the amount of land actually dedicated to agro-industrial fruit growing, which is underes-timated in official information. Limitation: the research used satellite images, so it is possible that some orchards were not identified, and it will be necessary to conduct more field work in the area to corroborate the data. Conclusions: since official sources tend to underestimate the size of the area planted with crops such as avocado, it is necessary to conduct further research that will clarify this point in order to help with the implementation of public and private policies, especially where there are mono-cultures that have strong repercussions on the environment. In Southern Jalisco, their effects are increasingly evident.
This paper designs a social entrepreneurship roadmap based on organizational factors, individual factors, and social factors to strengthen the development of women entre-preneurs in the community of Cunduacán, Tabasco. The research adopts a cross-sec-tional quantitative approach with a descriptive focus; the population of interest is a group of 50 women with entrepreneurial activity in the municipality. The design of a social entrepreneurship model will lead those applying it to develop commercial ac-tivities that initially do not have a direct social impact, but will allow them to generate economic benefits; immediately afterwards, they can transfer part or all of the resourc-es obtained to an activity that has a social impact. Therefore, inclusion mechanisms must be developed in ways that involve participation by the public and private sec-tors, vulnerable communities, universities, and non-profit organizations, in order to strengthen social entrepreneurship and thus provide well-being.
The article presents the history of the Attention to Agricultural Workers Program (PAJA) in Hermosillo, Sonora, now extinct. The goal is to explain this federal pro-gram, that focused on agricultural work by migrants, as a part of the formation of a neoliberal state in Mexico. Using political anthropology, the article analyzes the set of practices, ideologies, and representations of the state that gave the PAJA its shape from 1990 to 2018. The text derives from a historical and regional ethnographic study made between 2018 and 2023 on social policies applied to agricultural land in Sonora. The article draws on interviews with former PAJA employees, participant observation in government offices, and the consultation of official documents. The main argument is that the PAJA served to promote the expansion and consolidation of agricultural corporations. The article contributes to studies of the state and migrant agricultural work, by presenting processes of depoliticization, control, and legitimization of the exploitation of labor on agricultural land
The pandemic generated economic uncertainty due to the sudden disruption of value chains, which was the result of a decrease in social mobility. The restaurant industry suf-fered the consequences of social distancing. This challenging landscape led restaurants to implement innovations to increase their productivity. This article details whether the innovations boosted the productivity of 67 sme restaurants in Culiacán, Sinaloa. Using a non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology and adopting a quantitative approach, through a descriptive statistical analysis and a linear regression with the or-dinary least squares method, three types of innovation, namely in processes, organiza-tion and marketing, were evaluated in companies to show their effect on productivity. The results show that innovations drove productivity growth, especially organizational innovations
The study of micro, small, and medium enterprises (msmes) reveals a significant het-erogeneity in approaches, reflected in multiple perspectives such as social, administra-tive, economic, among others. This diversity has driven the application of a wide range of techniques and methodologies, from qualitative research to quantitative studies. Research on msmes in a post-pandemic scenario is multidisciplinary and adaptable to the complexities of the sector, enriching our current and future understanding of these enterprises. Furthermore, the global perspective of business internationalization stands out in a context of value chain integration and nearshoring, while local issues such as family business management and support for social enterprises are also crucial for their development. This duality highlights the need for ongoing dialogue among different academic studies on msmes to effectively address the challenges and oppor-tunities in this constantly evolving sector.
This article addresses a problem in the Mexican dairy industry and involves stake-holders upon whom the operation of this sector depends. I am referring to the small dairy units, which have long been in a vulnerable situation due to their operating in an oligopsonistic market where the processors hold dominance. A lack of technology, resources, training, business knowledge, project entrepreneurship, along with isolat-ed operation, exacerbates the situation. Since the late 20th century, cooperation has emerged as a strategy for small and medium-sized economic units to survive in a chal-lenging market and to improve their well-being. The work aims to highlight a model of business cooperation between dairy units. By pooling resources and efforts, produc-tive development is strengthened with the goal of achieving survival and in order to contribute to regional development. The case study of Cooperative Prolea in Acatic, Jalisco is used
This article analyzes the accumulation of technological capabilities (tcs) and the way they have influenced the creation of competitive advantages, as well as the impact of technological overlap in an agricultural company. Although the sector is primarily en-gaged in primary activities, it would be incorrect to assume that it does not make use of technology. The study applied a case study methodology, adapting the Technological Capabilities Matrix into a questionnaire format. Additionally, it was complemented with tools for innovation and technology analysis, and evidence was collected through interviews. The results indicate that tcs have been primarily accumulated through the acquisition of external technology with minor adjustments, especially in the pro-duction and administration departments. This has enabled the company to increase its production capacity, expand its market presence, and enhance quality control. Despite the adoption of technologies, the sector still faces challenges to overcome.
