Background: Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function (EF) deficits and dysexecutive behavior (DB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and healthy participants. Methods: We evaluated 22 FES patients (aged 17–29 years, history of single episode of schizophrenia, treated with atypical antipsychotics) and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and education. EF was evaluated using the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET), Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). DB was evaluated using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (BDSI). Results: FES patients had marked dysexecutive behaviors and executive function impairments as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that executive function scores on standardized neuropsychological tests may be ecologically valid predictors of dysexecutive behavior. Conclusion: DB is common during first-episode schizophrenia and may be a primary impairment throughout disease progression. The present results inform clinical practice by providing insight into first-episode schizophrenia specific features of dysexecutive behavior. Understanding the associations between executive function tests and dysexecutive behaviors helps to explain the social adjustment disorders associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge may be used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic tools; for example, clarifying the implications of specific DEX and BDSI dimensions could increase the efficacy of individual or familial psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation interventions.
Fish is good for both mental and physical health. Fish contains high quality protein, good lipids consisting of essential fatty acids, important minerals, vitamins etc. The grey matter of the brain consists of about 60% lipids consisting of essential fatty acids DHA, ARA, EPA etc. DHA is the building blocks of brain tissues. Essential fatty acids are important in prevention and amelioration of many civilization and age related diseases such as heart diseases, dementia, mental decline etc. Fish protein as complete protein contains functional amino acids that are rich in brain, hearts, and eyes that are associated with their functions. Fish also contains important minerals, vitamins that are also good for brain. Factors of mental health are many but how to use the faculty is very important. The important functional components of fish are essential and help in overall well-being and quality of human life boosting performance ability. So the objective of the paper is to discuss the important roles of functional components of fish leading to overall well-being, better mental health and mood.
This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Kuwaiti version of the 10-item Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and its relation to demographic variables, teacher burnout, and psychological stress. The ERQ has two subscales measuring an individual’s use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies. A random non-referred sample of parents of 1733 teachers in the mainstream school teachers in the state of Kuwait completed the ERQ and other scales. The results indicated adequate internal consistencies (Cronbach’s alpha) of the two subscales (cognitive reappraisal .88; expressive suppression.73). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in close to acceptable fit (RMSEA=0.110;CFI=0.875; GFI=0.916). The ERQ cognitive reappraisal scale correlated negatively with both perceived stress; helplessness (r=-.127**,p<.000), self-efficacy (r=-.103**,p<.000). Also, it is negatively correlated with Positive-Difficulty identifying feelings (P-DIF) (r=- .131**,p<.000), Positive-Difficulty describing feelings (r=-.036,p<.131),General-Externally Oriented Thinking (G-EOT), (r=-.096**,p<.000). However, expressive suppression is positively correlated with perceived stress subscales and the subscales of alexithymia. To conclude, this study showed the adequate reliability and construct validity of the ERQ in a large sample of Kuwaiti teachers. Specific use of suppression or reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy was related to job satisfaction, quality of work environment, and employment of adequate discipline strategies in the expected direction.
Introduction: The present study analyzes the individual characteristics and typology of the basic properties of STS and the bioelectrical phenomena in the brain that arise when solving problems of separate and simultaneous scaling of STI of 5 and 15 sec. Methods: In 40 conventionally healthy subjects of both sexes, the indicators of the average duration of subjective time intervals were assessed. The deviations of the subjective time from the objective time were compared, the stability of these indicators was determined in 5 repeated tests, and the spectral power density of the electroencephalograms recorded in a single system with measurements of time was calculated. Results: The results showed that the STS for 5 sec has a smaller deviation of the subjective time intervals from the objective time and has a greater variability of indicators in repeated tests compared to the STS for 15 sec. With the interaction of STS, the duration of the subjective time increases and approaches the objective one for both scales. Conclusion: We present individual characteristics of the subjects on the basis ofcluster analysis of subjective time intervals deviations from the objective time are grouped into 2 psycho-physiological time scaling profiles. The profiles differ in the bioelectrical activity of the brain: The EEG spectral power in the studied frequency range is higher in representatives of the second profile both with separate and simultaneous time scaling.
Objectives: The role of susceptibilities in a magnetic field can be used for imaging a diverse group of disease patterns in the human body. The objective of this study is to utilize these properties in the spectrum of neurological diseases. Materials and methods: This is a prospective and retrospective study conducted in the department of radio diagnosis, KMC Hospital, Ambedkar Circle in Mangalore. Over a period of 3 years, utilizing 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging machine on subjects who had come for routine neurological consultation with clinical indications for imaging. 129 patients of any age group with suspected haemorrhage, infarct, trauma, seizures, intracranial infections, intracranial venous thrombosis and vascular malformations were studied. Results: A total of 129 subjects were studied-40 cases of acute stroke,40 cases of haemorrhage, 8 cases with suspected micro haemorrhages, 15 cases of venous thrombosis, 11 cases of calcifications and 14 cases of contrast enhancement manifesting on SWI imaging in the form of varied susceptibilities to clinch the diagnosis and enable appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Susceptibility weighted imaging is an effective and useful diagnostic tool in magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis for a variety of neurological conditions.
In the pursuit of keeping Kuwait’s education active during unfortunate times, it is essential to turn to non-conventional learning methods such as Virtual Learning Environments (VLE). The tools and expertise are readily available at first glance; however, it is important that we further examine the primary roll-out of this framework and monitor its’ overall impact on the primary stakeholders–the students, who are often left out of the conversation. In this paper, we reached out to students in higher education universities in Kuwait, in order to gain insight on their perspectives in terms of emotional and social impact of COVID-19 on online education, and their overall sentiment regarding the roll out of VLE in their institutes. We investigated the sentiments of 309 students from three private universities in Kuwait currently undergoing VLE models and platforms as mediums of study for the first time. This insight from a first-person point of view will give feedback on the emotional and social implications of online learning as experienced by the students, the future expectations of the students involved, and how they felt about the way their respective institutes implemented VLE’s for the first time. A questionnaire was used to examine the how the mentioned impacts sentiments of their first-hand experiences. It was found that, due to the emotional and social impact of COVID-19, virtual learning was deemed less efficient than in-class learning as currently experienced by the mentioned students. Also, the majority agreed that despite the emotional stress experienced during the pandemic, most respondents reported having a positive outlook towards the future of their higher education careers. The findings are significant as they provide insightful observations on the need for psychosis s they shine the light on the need for prioritizing mental awareness during stressful times. As well, they give way to further analysis of psycho-related studies to investigate the impacts of involuntary online education.
Introduction: RT for cancers is considered to be anxiety-inducing, due to its unknown nature for patients and the importance of immobilization which can be oppressive and uncomfortable in some situations. This study aims to evaluate the anxiety related to Radiotherapy (RT) masks immobilization and the coping strategies adopted by patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). Methods: This was a descriptive transverse study carrying on 25 patients undergoing RT, in Salah Azaiz institute department during July 2020. Patients were treated for HNC with a thermoformed mask. Screening for restraint mask anxiety was assessed using the Distress Thermometer (DT). Results: The median age of patients was 54.8 years. Twenty-one patients were males and 4 females. Only 5 patients had a university education, 2 patients were illiterate and 18 patients had a low level of education. Thirteen patients (52%) were treated for nasopharyngeal cancer. Nine patients (36%) had surgery. Chemotherapy was delivered in 17 patients (68%). Fifteen patients (60%) were accompanied. Five had discussed the need for masks with their doctors. Mask anxiety was low, the mean score for perceived anxiety was 2.4 (0-8) according to DT. The majority of our patients (84%) had a score <4. Conclusion: Although anxiety is present in patients treated with RT, it does not specifically concern the wearing of mask, and should be detected and treated early in order to improve the quality of life of cancerous patients.
Learning and memory are natural responses of the body to assist us in living. Neurodegenerative diseases wreak havoc on the neuronal processes that control memory development and consolidation, causing mental, social, and financial hardship for millions of people around the world. In the mammalian brain, many neurotransmitters are involved in memory formation and consolidation. The cellular mechanisms and signaling pathway involved in this, however, are not fully understood. Donald Hebb suggested the synaptic reorganization hypothesis in support of memory development decades ago. Two types of synaptic plasticity, Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and Depression (LTD), have been implicated in the formation and consolidation of memory in mammalian brains as a result of the advancement of modern electrophysiology and molecular biology techniques. The synapses are also thought to be the source of information storage, according to Hebbs' theory of neuronal connectivity and firing properties. As a consequence, information can be altered by altering synaptic intensity through LTP or LTD. The physiology of synaptic organization in the brain is altered in certain memory-related cognitive impairments. Although there is literature on the non-synaptic memory system in the mammalian brain, this review will concentrate on a few key findings from in vitro and in vivo synaptic plasticity studies to link the role of LTP and LTD-a signature model in memory formation and consolidation. This will help us better understand neurological disorders involving neural processes and get us closer to discovering a cure.
In the current study, blood samples were obtained from (83) heart disease patients who were suffering from COVID-19 and from 83 healthy individuals as a control group. The patients attended Al-Karama hospital in Baghdad/Iraq during the period from 15th January to 15th September 2020. The prevalence of corona virus IgG antibodies in females were shown to be 23 (51.1%) in comparison with males 22 (48.9%), P=0.706.While the prevalence of corona virus IgM antibodies in females was 13 (54.2%) when compared with males was 11 (45.8%), P=0.93. The prevalence of anti-COVID-19 IgM antibodies and anti-COVID-19 IgG antibodies according to age group elevated that anti-COVID-19 IgM in the age group (<20) years was 6 (10.2%), while in the age group (20-39) years was 9 (37.5%),whereas in the age group (40-59) years was the highest 11 (45.8%), while in the age group (>60) years was the lowest 3 (12.5%), P=0.741. However, the results showed that the prevalence of anti-COVID-19 IgG in the age group (<20) years was 4 (8.9%), and in the age group (20-39) years was the highest 19 (42.2%), while in the age group (40-59) years was 17 (45.8%), whereas in the age group (>60) years was 5 (11.1%), P=0.912. The prevalence of anti COVID-19 IgG in rural areas was 24 (53.3%) compared to its prevalence in urban areas 21 (46.7%). Results of our study showed an elevated mean Troponin levels 51 (61.4%), and the mean CRP level was 76 (91.6%), while the mean LDH level was 2((2.4%), in the level 320 concentration were 70 (84.3%). Correlation of CRP and COVID-19 with heart disease patients showed that the Pearson Correlation of D dimer with CRP was .684, the Pearson Correlation of Troponin with CRP was.425, and the Pearson Correlation of LDH was .544.
In the following pages we will try to discuss the stratified idea about psychosis seen as disorders of the neuro-cognitive system, looking at both the etiopathogenesis and treatments. We will do so by comparing the theoretical and biographical aspects of two amongst the greatest authors of the 1900’s about psychosis: C.G. Jung and M. Klein. Once again, we will try to demonstrate that psychosis involves an extremely meaningful psychological meaning, which is crucial in any therapeutic approach in order to improve the prognosis. Following the lead of J.W. Perry, we will try to claim that psychotic disorders are particular psychotic manifestations that originate in the emotive-affective dimension of the human experience, whose neuroanatomical-functional localization can be found in specific sub-cortical regions of the brain, and that they only display the thought alterations as we know them in a phenomenic manner. Lastly, once again inspired by the comparison between Jung and Klein, we will propose a comparative diagnostic-functional hypothesis between the dissociative and the psychotic conditions.
Irrational beliefs are often caused by misunderstanding in schizophrenic patients. This causes high-risk and unnatural behaviors, and disrupts the function and quality of life of patients. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between irrational beliefs and quality of life in schizophrenic patients. This descriptive correlational study was performed on 125 schizophrenic patients in 2019. The data collection tools included Irrational Belief Questionnaire (IBQ) and quality of life questionnaire for schizophrenic patients. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS- 21 statistical software using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis). The score of irrational beliefs and quality of life was 126.96 ± 14.12 and 91.91 ± 9.91, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient test did not show a significant relationship between irrational beliefs and quality of life (r=-0.04, P=0.62).The results showed a high level of irrational beliefs and a low level of quality of life among the participants, but it did not show a significant relationship between these two variables, which can be due to other cultural and social factors. Therefore, it is necessary for health managers and planners to improve the quality of life of schizophrenic patients by strengthening support systems and providing rehabilitation services for schizophrenic patients.
The article presents an assessment of the knowledge and awareness of university students about the sources of COVID-19 data. The 27-question survey was conducted between 15 and 30 June 2020 with the participation of 142 medical university students. Conducted one-factor analysis of students' awareness of COVID-19, ways of obtaining vital health information, individual self-efficacy of preventive interventions in the conditions of pandemic stress, and remote learning was based on students’ responses. 71.8% of respondents named the Internet and social networks as the sources of information on COVID-19. In the conditions of self-isolation, students' screen time had increased by 68%. COVID-19 was assessed as a serious global threat to public health at an average of 4.3, with the threat of the virus spreading rated as sufficiently ‘neurotic’ (65.5%, with an average result of 3.06;SD=1.31). Respondents rated their chances to contract COVID-19 on average as 3.26 (SD=1.34), 52.8% regarded COVID-19 as threatening to health, and 47.2% expressed fear for loved ones and families. 65.5% cast some doubts about the imminent end of a pandemic threat. Students demonstrated a lack of knowledge about COVID-19, but correctly noted the activities that reduce its spread. The uncertainty of the majority of respondents and the increased anxiety determine the lack of individual self-efficacy of interventions that reduce the risk of the virus spreading. Therefore, the public requires continuous education and reliable facts on COVID-19 to address the problem of the abundance of misinformation posted on the Internet and social networking, both in the contexts of well-being and further pandemic development.
The ROS is most problems in some disease and have major role disease development; DNA repair genes have been associated with different disease in addition to related with ROS, the present study aims to study ROS level with some DNA repair genes polymorphisms in patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, the OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) and APE1 Asp148Glu (rs3136820), the results show that ROS level was significant elevation in patients 196.3600 ± 90.039 than control 95.37 ± 13.22, the genotyping of APE1 shows three genotyping (GT,GG and TT) with tow alleles (G and T), GT was low frequents in patients while TT was higher in patients than control in non-significant differences (p 0.38, 0.50) , T is more frequent in patients in addition to G was low frequent also in on significant differences (p 0.0513 ) in addition to deletion mutation which significant association with disease, OGG1 show strong association with disease, all patients have AC pattern which contributed in lowering ROS level, the present study concluded that the APE1 deletion mutation association with DM and didn’t relation with ROS level, OGG1 SER326CYS (RS1052133) strong association with DM and ROS level in type one of diabetes mellitus diseases.
Welcome to the special issue “Positive psychiatry and psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic disorders” of Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses journal. Special issue deals with Cognitive behavioural therapy, CBT interventions, cognitive remediation, trauma therapy, bipolar disorders, risk factors, neuro-cognition, neuroimaging, clinical trials, nosography, prodromal psychosis, psychosis predictors, psychosocial treatment, amphetamine psychosis, side-effects of antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy, cholinesterase inhibitors, neuro-generation, symptomatology. This will help us in scoring high in execution gauges and climbing in diary positioning records.
Background: Meningioma's are by far the most frequent primary tumors occurring inside the cranium. Prognostic wise, the problem with grade II and grade III neoplasms is the high recurrence rate following surgical resection. Surgical goal is to offer complete resection of the tumor to avoid future recurrence; however, such complete resection is limited by a number of factors such as the tumor location with the central nervous system, invasion of underlying vital brain tissue, involvement of cranial nerves and invasion of dural sinuses. Therefore, pre-operative imaging assessment of meningioma is necessary and the ability to grade these tumors on sole imaging background is an essential step in order to select the optimum surgical and or radiation based therapy. Aim of the study: In the current systemic review we collected information about radiological features detected by MRI techniques and analyzed these futures statically with respect to accuracy, sensitivity and specificity aiming at providing an MRI criteria predicting atypical grade II and III meningiomas prior to surgical intervention. Materials and methods: The current systematic review was based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The primary objective of the current review was to evaluate the currently published data on the potential role of the technique such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) for the assessment of meningioma grade. The principal research questions were: 1.What is the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain?. 2. What is the specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in Grading meningioma for brain?. Results: We found that peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface are all associated with significant prediction potential with respect to meningioma grade (p 0.05). Highest sensitivity was seen in association with peritumoral edema (73.0 %). Highest specific level was seen in association with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) (90.4 %). Tumor necrosis was associated with highest PPV (61.9 %). Highest negative predictive value was seen in association with shape of tumor margin (85.7 %) and highest level of accuracy was observed in association with tumor brain interface (78.2 %). Conclusion: A number of imaging characteristics in MRI can predict the grade of meningioma prior to surgical intervention including peritumoral edema, tumor necrosis, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion weighted trace, tumor enhancement, dural tail, tumor margin and tumor brain interface and the presence of any combination of these characteristics will make the decision even more precise.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological illness with a complex etiology that is the largest cause of dementia in the globe. The mechanism of Alzheimer's disease is complex, but it is defined by the formation of s amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current allopathic treatments are focused on increasing the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine in synaptic clefts, but they are largely ineffective at improving disease prognosis. Holistic alternatives are suggested to further improve symptoms in patients with mild disease or as a prophylactic to slow the onset for those with a higher predisposition for the development of AD. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain and thus is correlated with improved cognitive functioning and tissue mass. Diets high in saturated fats show poor prognosis as they are correlated with a higher incidence of neuroinflammation, thus diets higher in unsaturated fatty acids such as the Mediterranian diet are recommended. The accumulation of ROS can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually neuronal degeneration. Of the antioxidants, curcumin has shown to be an effective protective agent against inflammation and oxidative damage. Transgenic AD mice administered curcumin had a significant reduction in oxidative proteins in four different brain regions when compared to control groups. Interleukin-1β, an inflammatory marker, was also significantly reduced with the addition of curcumin. The administration of essential vitamins plays a key role in neuroprotection. Deficits in both vitamin A and D have shown to have a significant reduction in cognition in both laboratory animals and humans. Administration of vitamin A in transgenic AD mice showed a marked reduction in Aβ phosphorylation by decreasing CDK5 kinase activity. In laboratory settings, vitamin D3 has been demonstrated to induce Pgp mRNA to pump Aβ plaque out of cortical circulation by expression of MDR1 genes. While all holistic treatment options show slight improvements in patients with mild disease, they do not prevent disease progression. Further, holistic treatments do not show improvements in patients with advanced disease. Overall, the prognosis for AD remains grim.
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder and the most common prevalent among clients in community mental health centers. Neuroleptic medication (antipsychotic) is drug use to reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. But these drugs have numerous adverse effects there are two kinds of Neuroleptic medication (antipsychotic); typical and atypical, antipsychotics. Parkinsonism is commonly side effect of this medication drug-induced Parkinsonism. This refer to that the difference of activation of excitatory in basal ganglia. Dopamine usually has an excitatory influence on the direct pathway via D1 receptors to facilitate cortically initiated actions and an inhibitory influence on the indirect pathway via D2 receptors, which generally delays voluntary movement through thalamic inhibition. Anticholinergic medications such as procyclidine are effective for the relief of Parkinsonism side effects. Analytical design was conducted from 12 April to 20 July 2020 to assessment side effects of antipsychotics. Non-probability (purposive) sample of 50 schizophrenic patients who were diagnosed by psychiatrist with schizophrenia. So they receive medication for more than one year. Sample was selected from Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital psychiatric department. Data were collected by sing a un-structured interview with their family. Results of study reveal that the majority (40%) of the study sample were at age of (46-55) year’s old. more than half (56.6%) of the patients they were used use of Procyclidine for treatment of Extrapyramidal side effects.
smoking contributes to increased anxiety levels among cigarette smokers. In addition, there is a lack of studies about smoking among college students in Iraq. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the smoking behavior among smoker students, level of anxiety among smoker and non-smoker students, and to find out the difference in level of anxiety among smoker students as compared with non – smoker students. Methodology: A purposive (non-probability) sample of (140) male students who were tobacco cigarette smokers and (50) male students who were non – smokers and never smoked before from the Institute of Medical Technology – Baghdad. Result: This study revealed that more than half of students smoked between (11-20) cigarettes per a day, and the highest percentage of them were smoked before (3-4) years ago. Majority of smoker students initiated smoking because of peer influence from friends. The study shows that (40%) of smoker students have moderate levels of anxiety while a half of non-smokers students don’t have anxiety. The anxiety level increased among smoker students as compared with non-smoker students. Conclusion: The result of the current study shows that there was a significant difference in level of anxiety between smoker and non-smoker students. Recommendation: Emphasizing the role of educational counselors in the educational institutions in assisting youth students how to deal with their social and psychological problems and learning them new coping strategies instead of smoking.
Cerebellum means little brain. Purkinje Cell (PC) and deep cerebellar nucleus form the functional unit of cerebellum. It has various motor functions like control of posture and balance, smoothening and coordination of skilled voluntary movements, control of ballistic movements, control of muscle tone and stretch reflex, learning and improvement of motor skills, turn on/off function and has role in various vestibular functions However, very little is known about the extra-motor functions of cerebellum. From its role in cognition to emotional regulation, cerebellum has significant contribution in scientific discoveries and intuition. Pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and addiction to drugs has also been linked to cerebellum. Newer horizons in cerebellar research include optogenetic manipulation of cerebellum, non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation for treatment of symptoms and artificial cerebellum controlling robotic arm with human like precision.
For a long time in Russia, the number of children with disabilities has been increasing. The study of the mental state of this polymorphic group of children for many decades retains its theoretical and practical significance for educational psychology for special needs students (special psychology). Full socialization of children with disabilities is impossible without the formation of a system of their interpersonal relationships with peers. Friendship as a process of relationships is not only the basis for the moral and personal development of the child, but also performs important functions in his/her life. The purpose of the study is to examine the specific features of understanding of the idea of friendship of children with developmental delay and mild mental retardation. For the first time, a comprehensive psychological study of the phenomenology of ideas about friendship has been carried out the specifics of ideas about friendship and friends of children with disabilities have been described.
