ABSTRACT Liquid lock and scale deposition are major obstacles in deep gas wellbores, reducing productivity. A ternary integrated surfactant (FC‑1009, lauramidopropyl betaine [LAB], and citric acid [CA]) is developed for synergistic foam drainage, scale inhibition, and liquid‑lock removal. The fluorocarbon surfactant imparts strong amphiphobicity with water/oil contact angles of 120°/55°, whereas LAB enhances foaming and CA chelates Ca 2+ . The formulation lowers surface tension to 28 mN m −1 and achieves 94.9% CaCO 3 scale inhibition by converting angular calcite into loose vaterite. It tolerates high temperature, brine, methanol, and condensate oil. Core tests confirm liquid‑lock removal: water saturation drops to 24%, and gas permeability recovery reaches 60% at 0.8 PV. This multifunctional agent offers a cost‑effective solution for wellbore cleaning and reservoir protection.
ABSTRACT Electric vehicle lithium‐ion batteries generate high thermal loads that require compact, high‐efficiency liquid cooling. This work investigates microchannel heat sinks with elliptic reentrant cavities (ellipticity 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) for electric vehicle battery cooling. We integrate them into a full‐scale cold plate, couple a Bernardi heat‐generation model with conjugate heat‐transfer simulations, and validate experimentally. Results show surface temperature decreases along flow; ellipticity = 1.0 gives lowest and most uniform T. At 60 mL/min, raising ellipticity from 0.4 to 1.0 cuts pressure drop from 180.5 to 140.6 Pa and lowers peak T by ∼2.1 K. Vorticity ranks 1.0 > 0.8 > 0.6 > 0.4. Outlet coolant T peaks near 30 mL/min due to competing vortex mixing and thermal capacity. Ellipticity = 1.0 offers the best thermo‐hydraulic trade‐off, confirmed by performance evaluation criterion (PEC).
ABSTRACT This study investigated fungal‐derived chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) for malachite green removal and evaluated biosafety in Cyprinus carpio . Adsorption efficiency increased with contact time and dosage, with optimal removal under moderately alkaline conditions, achieving ∼80% efficiency. Isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) indicated predominantly monolayer adsorption with heterogeneous surface interactions. Biosafety was assessed through a 60‐day feeding trial. Growth and survival (95.55%–96.66%) showed no significant variation. Hematological parameters remained within normal ranges, indicating non‐toxicity. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation confirmed oxidative stability. Histological analysis of midgut, gill, and muscle tissues showed no abnormalities. Gut microbiota analysis revealed reduced opportunistic Gram‐negative bacteria without imbalance. Overall, CSNP demonstrate effective adsorption and strong environmental safety.
ABSTRACT Displacement washing is a common process to increase product quality after cake filtration. During this process, impurities or valuable substances dissolved in the pore liquid are displaced by a wash liquid that is usually applied to the cake surface via nozzles, drip plates, or overflow channels. On impact of the wash liquid, the filter cake is partially reslurried, causing the wash liquid to be contaminated by dissolved impurities of the re‐dispersed filter cake surface. This contamination affects the washing process to a great extent. This article presents a generalized model to predict washing results of partially reslurried filter cakes on both discontinuous and continuous equipment. Model calculations are validated for different cases with experimental washing results. Partial cake reslurrying is identified as a new limiting effect for displacement washing.
ABSTRACT Oilfield wastewater, a complex byproduct of crude oil extraction, contains refractory organic pollutants that pose significant environmental challenges due to their persistence and toxicity. Traditional treatment methods often fall short of achieving complete degradation, necessitating advanced technologies. This review critically evaluates four promising strategies—Fenton oxidation, membrane separation technologies, persulfate oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and adsorption—focusing on their fundamental principles, operational advantages, and inherent limitations. These innovations will be critical for overcoming current barriers—such as acidic pH constraints in Fenton processes or high persulfate costs—while aligning with stringent environmental regulations and sustainability imperatives. By focusing on catalyst design, future technologies can achieve higher degradation rates, reduced chemical inputs, and scalable solutions for oilfield wastewater management.
ABSTRACT Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol is a promising route for carbon recycling and sustainable fuel production, but performance depends on coupled effects of catalyst properties and operating conditions. Here, we present an interpretable machine‐learning framework integrating prediction, interpretation, and multi‐objective optimization to accelerate design. Using 1982 experimental entries, we benchmarked several regression models and identified XGBoost as the best surrogate, with R 2 ≈ 0.83. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis showed that methanol space time yield (STY) is governed mainly by gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), temperature, and pressure, with strong nonlinear interactions beyond single‐factor trends. GHSV × temperature and GHSV × pressure were the most important interaction pairs. Design maps and Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) Pareto fronts identified a balanced operating window that maximizes STY while limiting thermal and pressure severity. This framework can be extended to other catalytic systems with strong multivariable coupling.
ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing analytical technologies in chemical engineering by enabling data‐driven interpretation, automated workflows, and real‐time process decision‐making. The growing use of high‐throughput platforms, including liquid chromatography (LC)–MS, NMR, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemical systems, and microfluidic devices, demands intelligent data‐processing frameworks. Machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI address challenges, including spectral deconvolution, peak resolution, matrix interference suppression, retention‐time prediction, and multicomponent quantification. This review examines AI‐enabled analytical technologies relevant to chemical engineering applications, emphasizing mechanistic insights, performance enhancement, instrument integration, and scalability. Challenges in reproducibility, interpretability, and validation are discussed, along with prospects for autonomous and self‐optimizing analytical systems.
ABSTRACT A nonlinear stretching sheet with tetra‐hybrid nanofluid (THNF) flow under thermal radiation and stratification has important applications in cooling systems and thermal collectors where enhanced heat transfer and temperature control are required. In the present study, THNF flow past a nonlinear stretching sheet is investigated for various nanoparticle geometries. The resulting system of equations with Dirichlet and Neumann‐type boundary conditions is solved using the Galerkin method with B ‐splines. This model with multiple effects and nanoparticle morphological influence, solved using a novel numerical technique and statistical modeling, was not studied earlier. An increasing stratification parameter decreased the temperature of the fluid. The thermal profile increased with increasing magnetic parameter values, and velocity profile increased with increasing stretching parameter ( C ), following the trend spherical < brick < platelet due to reduction in the rotational resistance.
ABSTRACT This review describes recent developments in the functionalization of aromatic and heteroaromatic scaffolds using a variety of accessible, reactive organometallic reagents (Li, Mg, Zn, Na, K, etc.) in a continuous‐flow process. Many research groups notably demonstrated efficient large‐scale conditions for the synthesis of highly functionalized arenes and heteroarenes in moderate to high yields. Flow reactions emphasize reaction scope, tolerance to a wide range of functional groups, clean reactions, commercial availability of starting materials, and high regio‐ and chemoselectivity. This process will support the sustainable development of biologically important heterocyclic compounds, as well as drugs and natural products. This article reviews work published between 2010 and 2025 and provides a detailed overview, with many applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
ABSTRACT Due to environmental challenges and the limited availability of fossil fuels, sustainable biodiesel production is increasingly vital. We selected a rotating‐disk hydrodynamic reactor for optimal production and enhanced agitation. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the k – ε model and response surface methodology (RSM), we optimized disk tooth slope (0°–20°), disk spacing (2–6 mm), and rotational speed (1500–2500 rpm). Results showed rotational speed has the greatest impact on response variables, whereas larger disk spacing reduces turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production. Optimal conditions were tooth slope 0°, spacing 2 mm, and speed 2377 rpm. At this point, the simulated values reached a maximum TKE of 3.9432, an average TKE of 0.86956, and a pressure difference of 14 787 Pa. The rotating‐disk reactor greatly improves mixing and mass transfer, enabling higher quality, lower cost biodiesel compared to conventional methods.
ABSTRACT The steel industry accounts for 10%–15% of global energy consumption and ∼7% of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Recovering waste heat from slag is therefore crucial for low‐carbon development. This review examines physical and chemical recovery approaches. Among physical methods, centrifugal granulation shows promise due to stable granulation and high capacity. It produces 1.5–6 mm particles and handles 60–80 t/h of slag, achieving 60%–80% recovery efficiency. For chemical methods, methane reforming, coal gasification, and pyrolysis are key pathways. Slag addition boosts methane reforming conversion to 96%, whereas coal gasification achieves 90% waste heat recovery efficiency. Regarding carbon reduction, CaO‐based slag modification decreases emissions by 315 kg CO 2 /t, and carbon sequestration processes achieve reductions up to 918.5 kg CO 2 /t. This study provides a selection framework for recovery technologies to enhance efficiency and minimize global warming impacts.
This work studies the flow of electromagnetic trihybrid nanofluid on a variable Darcy regime. The transfer of energy is described using thermodynamics' first law, with thermal flux, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating effects. Meanwhile, the analysis of entropy generation is conducted through second law of thermodynamics. The effects of electric and magnetic fields have been used to control the flow of fluid. It has been highlighted in this work that velocity rises with increasing electric field and Darcy factor, whereas growth in magnetic effects and nanoparticle concentration reduced it. Higher Eckert number, electric, magnetic, and radiation parameters, and nanoparticle concentration enhanced heat transfer and Bejan number but reduced the production of entropy. At 0.04 concentration of nanoparticles, heat transfer rises by 11.27% for MWCNTs, 13.46% for Cu + MWCNTs, and 17.62% for MgO + Cu + MWCNTs, emphasizing the superior thermal performance of trihybrid nanofluid.
We successfully engineered a cactus‐like Co 2 P nanocatalyst for overall water splitting by incorporating manganese to modulate its electronic structure. Incorporating Mn into Co 2 P enhances both HER and OER through optimized surface adsorption, leading to faster kinetics and improved catalytic efficiency. The Mn‐Co 2 P catalyst delivers outstanding alkaline HER performance, requiring just 51 mV to drive 10 mA cm −2 while showing no degradation during a 48‐h stability test. Notably, the OER overpotential is just 283 mV at 50 mA cm −2 with remarkable durability. Remarkably, when utilized as dual‐function electrodes in a complete water electrolysis system, the Mn‐Co 2 P‐based system delivers 10 mA cm −2 at a low cell voltage of 1.523 V, along with brilliant long‐term stability.
The Co/Nb 2 O 5 catalyst demonstrated high performance for the hydrogenation‐rearrangement of furfural to cyclopentanol in water, achieving 95.8% selectivity at full conversion. However, in alcoholic solvents, the main product was furfuryl alcohol, and the rearrangement reaction did not proceed. Acidic additives (FeCl 3 , CH 3 COOH) inhibited hydrogenation steps, whereas basic conditions (NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 ) suppressed the rearrangement step. Catalyst deactivation occurred due to Co agglomeration.
A Ni/hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalyst was prepared, characterized, and investigated in the production of synthesis gas (syngas) from biogas through the bi-reforming of methane (BRM). Under mild operating conditions (700 degrees C reaction temperature and 1.4 bar total pressure, inlet molar composition of CH4/CO2/H2O/N2 = 28.6/31.4/25.7/14.3, GHSV = 27 794 , 50 h-on-stream), this catalytic material has demonstrated promising results with 78% methane conversion. Increasing the steam-to-carbon (S/C, or steam-to-methane) molar ratio enhanced methane conversion while maintaining catalyst stability by decreasing solid carbon formation, as evidenced by characterization of the used catalyst.
ABSTRACT The Earth's mean global temperature is closely linked to atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, which have increased steadily since the Industrial Revolution. To meet rising energy demands while mitigating climate change, countries are accelerating the adoption of renewable and sustainable energy sources. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising clean energy carrier, with China being the world's largest producer. This review critically evaluates microbial fermentation as a sustainable route for hydrogen production. Recent advances in bioreactor design, fermentation pathways, substrate utilization, and metabolic engineering are discussed to enhance microbial efficiency. The integration of biohydrogen production with renewable energy systems is examined to improve sustainability. Key challenges related to feedstock variability, scalability, and economic feasibility are highlighted, along with future strategies for large‐scale, high‐purity biohydrogen production.
The aim of this work was to evaluate how different energy levels of electrodynamic fragmentation (EDF) affect concrete weakening. A reference concrete (Ref-45) and another with a high limestone filler content (LF-35) were produced and subjected to EDF at specific energies of 0.54, 0.83, and 1.67 kWh/t. A substantial reduction in strength was observed at the intermediate level for Ref-45 (42%) and a smaller reduction for LF-35 (7%). At the highest energy level, nearly half of the samples fragmented during EDF, and reductions exceeded 60%. However, fragment size distributions were not found to vary as a function of the concretes studied. At intermediate and high energy levels, EDF reduced concrete strength, which can improve the quality of recycled aggregates after comminution.
The die-casting method was utilized to obtain the PVC-based vanadium pentoxide (VPO) nano hybrid membrane, which has certified uniform thickness, arrangement of particles, and good composition, and the separation performance was achieved using a mixture of 25% PVC and 75% VPO, which is an efficient composition for physicochemical and electrochemical characterization. The membrane has demonstrated the incorporation of the VPO component into the PVC matrix, which has excellent chemical stability, controlled water percentage, uniform particle distribution, and reduced crystallinity, favoring ion transport. The well-characterized nanocomposite showed excellent heavy metal ion removal efficiency with maximum removal for Pb2+ (92.3%) followed by Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions. The results indicate that the work meets industrial trends and public demand for environment-friendly water purification by removing toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
This study examines how particle shape influences collision dynamics in turbulent channel flow using direct numerical simulation (DNS) with Lagrangian tracking and fully resolved four-way coupling. Rigid ellipsoids across aspect ratios are simulated with inertia-driven translation, hydrodynamic forces, and quaternion-based rotation. Needle-like particles align more strongly with the local shear, reducing turbulent scattering and producing lower collision velocities with narrower angle distributions. Nearly spherical particles respond more intensely to turbulence, yielding broader collision statistics. Some features, such as spanwise velocity fluctuations, remain largely shape-independent, highlighting the dominance of lateral turbulent motions.
Carbon dioxide capture is critical for mitigating climate change. Amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) shows great promise due to its high stability and tunable porosity. We optimized its synthesis (160 degrees C, 24 h, 150 degrees C activation) and investigated diethylenetriamine (DETA) loading effects. The 50 wt% DETA composite achieved a CO2 uptake of 1.25 mmol/g at 30 degrees C and 0.1 bar, nearly six times that of pristine MIL-101(Cr). Kinetic and isotherm data were well described by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Thermodynamic analysis revealed Delta H = -54.78 kJ/mol and Delta S = -142.13 J/(mol K), confirming an exothermic, chemisorption-dominated process. We further optimized adsorption/desorption conditions, identifying optimal working temperatures of 269.47 K (adsorption) and 388.20 K (desorption). This work provides clear guidance for designing high-performance metal-organic framework (MOF)-based CO2 capture materials.
