Cubic B ‐spline–galerkin and Response Modeling of Tetra‐Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet

ABSTRACT A nonlinear stretching sheet with tetra‐hybrid nanofluid (THNF) flow under thermal radiation and stratification has important applications in cooling systems and thermal collectors where enhanced heat transfer and temperature control are required. In the present study, THNF flow past a nonlinear stretching sheet is investigated for various nanoparticle geometries. The resulting system of equations with Dirichlet and Neumann‐type boundary conditions is solved using the Galerkin method with B ‐splines. This model with multiple effects and nanoparticle morphological influence, solved using a novel numerical technique and statistical modeling, was not studied earlier. An increasing stratification parameter decreased the temperature of the fluid. The thermal profile increased with increasing magnetic parameter values, and velocity profile increased with increasing stretching parameter ( C ), following the trend spherical < brick < platelet due to reduction in the rotational resistance.