Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is influenced by psychological and interpersonal factors that may be associated with differences in treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between attachment styles, deterministic thinking, and sources of self-knowledge and changes in pain intensity following physiotherapy in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: This observational correlational study included 152 patients with CNLBP who were recruited from physiotherapy clinics in Tehran, Iran, in 2023. Participants completed the Adult Attachment Inventory, Deterministic Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ), and Sources of Self-Knowledge Scale (SSKS). Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline (before the first physiotherapy session) and after completion of the tenth physiotherapy session. Treatment response was defined as the reduction in pain intensity from baseline to the post-treatment assessment. Pearson correlation coefficients and separate linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. Results: Response to pain treatment showed significant positive correlations with a secure attachment style (r = 0.377, P < 0.001) and self-observation (r = 0.306, P < 0.001), whereas significant negative correlations were observed with deterministic thinking (r = -0.200, P < 0.05), social feedback (r = -0.257, P < 0.01), and social comparison (r = -0.276, P < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that a secure attachment style (β = 0.089, P < 0.001), self-observation (β = 0.040, P < 0.05), and deterministic thinking (β = -0.010, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with treatment response. Conclusions: The findings indicate that several psychological characteristics, particularly secure attachment, self-observation, and deterministic thinking, are associated with differences in pain improvement following physiotherapy in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. These results underscore the potential relevance of psychological factors in explaining variability in treatment outcomes; however, the observational correlational design of the study precludes causal inferences.
Background: Investigating temporal variations and forecasting trends in completed suicide can help prevent adverse outcomes and guide the development of intervention programs. Objectives: This study investigated completed suicide in northern Iran, specifically in Mazandaran Province, from 2016 to 2021 and examined suicide mortality trends using joinpoint regression analysis. Methods: This retrospective, registry-based descriptive trend study analyzed all registered suicide deaths in Mazandaran Province, Iran, from March 2015 to March 2022, using data from the Forensic Medicine Organization. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed using Joinpoint software version 4.9.0.0 to assess trends in suicide mortality, with the crude death rate as the dependent variable and time as the independent variable. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by age and gender using standard life expectancy, and suicide mortality rates were reported per 100,000 population. Results: A total of 1,237 suicide cases were analyzed. The mean age was 37.5 years (SD = 15.9), and most cases were male (66%). The highest number of deaths occurred between 2018 and 2021, with a peak in 2019. Married individuals constituted the largest marital-status group (40.7%), and only 9.8% had a previous suicide attempt. The most common suicide methods were categorized as "other" methods (58.5%) and rice pill (aluminum phosphide) ingestion (37.3%). Across all years, males consistently had higher mean ages at death and higher suicide rates than females. YLL was greatest among males aged 25 - 29 years and females aged 15 - 19 years, indicating these as vulnerable age groups. Joinpoint regression analysis showed no statistically significant changes or joinpoints in suicide trends from 2016 to 2021, with a modest but nonsignificant annual increase in suicide rates (APC = 4.19%; P = 0.22). Both sexes showed slight upward trends around 2018; however, these trends were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Overall, suicide trends in northern Iran remained relatively stable but persistent during the study period, underscoring the need for continued monitoring and targeted prevention efforts. Therefore, the government should adopt appropriate health policies to address this concern.
Background: Sensory processing patterns significantly influence functional independence and quality of life among older adults. Objectives: This study compared these patterns between institutionalized and community-dwelling Iranian older adults using Dunn's framework. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 172 adults aged 60 - 70 years (86 institutionalized and 86 community-dwelling) from Semnan Province were assessed using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: Significant differences were observed across all four sensory quadrants. Community-dwelling elders had a higher prevalence of Sensation Seeking (38.4% vs. 18.6%; Cohen's d = 0.64; P < 0.001) and Low Registration (30.2% vs. 16.3%; d = 0.52; P = 0.002). In contrast, institutionalized elders had higher rates of Sensation Avoiding (33.7% vs. 19.8%; d = 0.44; P = 0.004) and Sensory Sensitivity (31.4% vs. 11.6%; d = 0.71; P < 0.001). All differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The living environment is strongly associated with sensory processing patterns in older adults. Enriched sensory environments and targeted sensory-based rehabilitation in care facilities may promote more adaptive patterns and enhance well-being.
Background: Working memory is a core component of cognitive processing that supports complex language abilities, including narrative discourse. Age-related changes in working memory may affect older adults’ ability to organize and produce coherent and cohesive narratives. Objectives: This study examined the association between working memory and discourse in healthy older adults, focusing on coherence, cohesion, syntactic complexity, and verbal output errors. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, conducted from October to December 2023, 84 cognitively healthy older adults (44 females, 40 males) were recruited by convenience sampling from four nursing homes in Tehran. Working memory was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale and the N-back task. Narrative discourse was evaluated using the Persian Narrative Discourse Test and scored for coherence, cohesion, syntactic complexity, and verbal output errors. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 26, with significance set at P < 0.01. Results: Participants with formal education scored significantly higher on both working memory assessments (P = 0.001) and on measures of syntactic complexity, while committing fewer verbal errors (P = 0.003); however, education level showed no significant effect on discourse cohesion (P = 0.199) or coherence (P = 0.294). Pearson correlation analyses revealed strong positive associations between Wechsler working memory scores and discourse features, including coherence, cohesion, and syntactic complexity (P < 0.001). Conversely, working memory scores were significantly negatively correlated with verbal output errors (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights a direct relationship between working memory and narrative discourse abilities. The results support the hypothesis that stronger working memory is likely to enhance narrative discourse production in older adults.
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women; however, its psychological correlates remain insufficiently understood. Evidence suggests that childhood trauma may be associated with increased vulnerability to PMS and more severe symptoms. Perceived social support may mitigate the negative consequences of early trauma; however, its role in PMS, particularly among Iranian women, has received limited attention. Objectives: This study examined whether perceived social support moderates the association between childhood trauma and PMS severity. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted among 629 women aged 18 - 45 years in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected between December 2023 and July 2024 using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to test the proposed model. Results: Childhood trauma was significantly and positively associated with PMS severity, whereas perceived social support was significantly and negatively associated with both PMS severity and childhood trauma. Structural equation modeling further showed that perceived social support moderated the association between childhood trauma and PMS severity, such that higher perceived social support was linked to a weaker relationship between childhood trauma and PMS severity. Conclusions: These findings indicate that perceived social support is associated with a weaker association between childhood trauma and PMS severity. Attention to supportive resources and social networks may aid the development of preventive and intervention strategies for women with PMS.
Context: Dance, as a universal cultural expression, contributes to physical and mental health, as well as quality of life. It is also used in dance/movement therapy (DMT). Despite growing international evidence, research on this topic in Iran remains limited. This study aimed to map the existing literature on dance interventions for mental well-being in Iran. Evidence Acquisition: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, and Irandoc for studies published from January 2015 to October 2025. English and Persian keywords related to dance, movement, therapy, dance/movement therapy (DMT), rhythmic movement, psychological well-being, mental health, and Iran were used. Results: Of the 271 records identified, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 71.43% of the studies focused on pediatric populations and primarily used quasi-experimental pretest-posttest designs. Sample sizes ranged from 14 to 55 participants, and intervention durations ranged from 6 to 12 weeks. Interventions implemented in Iran were classified into two main types: 1) rhythmic movement and exercise-based programs and 2) cognitive-motor and executive function-focused interventions. Mental disorders and cognitive functioning were the most frequently assessed outcomes. Conclusions: Dance- and movement-based interventions in Iran are emerging and are primarily framed as exercise or cognitive-training approaches rather than as formal DMT. The available evidence remains preliminary and heterogeneous. Future research should develop culturally adapted and theoretically grounded models while maintaining sensitivity to the sociocultural context.
Background: The cognitive-behavioral model of eating disorders (EDs) has not been thoroughly investigated among women in Eastern societies, including Iran. Objectives: This study assessed the validity of the cognitive-behavioral model of eating disorders among Iranian female students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Azad Islamic University, and the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. A total of 516 female students aged 18 - 42 years were selected using cluster sampling and completed validated Farsi versions of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32 (IIP-32), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed using path analysis in AMOS 23, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the measurement model. Goodness-of-fit indices, including RMSEA, CFI, and GFI, were used to assess model fit. Results: Path analysis indicated that the enhanced CB-BN model provided the best fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.98). In this model, clinical perfectionism (β = 0.36, P < 0.01), interpersonal problems (β = 0.30, P < 0.01), distress tolerance (β = -0.28, P < 0.01), and low self-esteem (β = -0.45, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with overvaluation of weight and shape, which in turn predicted dietary restraint, binge eating, and purging. The study was conducted in a community sample of 516 Iranian female university students (mean age = 23.7 years). Conclusions: These results provide initial support for the cross-cultural applicability of the revised and original CB-BN models in the Iranian community. Accordingly, these models may help advance the understanding of eating-related concerns and their management among Iranian women.
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition associated withalterations in frontal neural activity. Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) provides an objective method for examiningfrequency-band dynamics related to cognitive control processes. Objectives: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of the Response Control module of the RehaComcognitive rehabilitation software on resting-state frontal QEEG indices in adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Twenty-eight adolescents aged 13 - 17 years with DSM-5-based ADHD diagnoses were randomly allocated to anintervention group receiving routine treatment plus RehaCom training or a control group receiving routine treatment only. Theintervention comprised 10 sessions delivered over 5 weeks. Resting-state QEEG recordings were obtained before and after theintervention from frontal sites Fz, Fp1, and Fp2. Spectral power in the theta (4 - 8 Hz), alpha (8 - 13 Hz), and beta (13 - 30 Hz) bandswas computed using the Fast Fourier Transform. Post-test differences were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA),controlling for baseline values. Results: After adjustment for baseline scores, significant between-group differences were observed in beta power at Fz (F =6.164, P = 0.020, eta(2) = 0.198) and alpha power at Fp2 (F = 4.771, P = 0.039, eta(2) = 0.160). These effect sizes indicated a moderateproportion of explained variance. No statistically significant differences were observed for other QEEG measures (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: RehaCom-based cognitive rehabilitation was associated with selective changes in frontal QEEG activity inadolescents with ADHD. Given the exploratory nature of the QEEG analyses and the limited sample size, these findings should beinterpreted cautiously. Further trials incorporating larger samples and concurrent behavioral outcomes are warranted.
Background: Accurate measurement tools are crucial for the early detection of emotional problems and dysregulation. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the emotion of anger using heart rate variability (HRV) as a biomarker. The diagnostic accuracy of five HRV-related subscales — HR, RR, HF, LF, and LF/HF — was evaluated among individuals with high and low anger. Methods: This descriptive (exploratory) quantitative study included adults aged 20 - 45 years living in Tehran. A total of 100 participants were initially recruited, but 24 were excluded due to insufficient or inaccurate HRV recordings, leaving a final sample of 76. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and HRV data were collected via a blood volume pulse (BVP) sensor. Descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-tests were performed using SPSS, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and sensitivity analyses were conducted using MedCalc. Results: Significant differences were found between high- and low-anger groups in HR (P < 0.05) and RR (P < 0.001) scales, with higher mean scores in the high-anger group. Among the five HRV subscales, the RR scale had the highest discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.71), performing significantly better than HR, HF, LF, and LF/HF. Conclusions: Heart rate variability, particularly the RR subscale, can serve as a reliable biological indicator for anger detection. These findings support the potential application of physiological markers in identifying emotional states.
Background: Victimization represents a complex challenge in the lives of incarcerated women, often rooted in adverse childhood experiences. The consequences of early trauma may be further intensified within the violent and stressful prison context. Understanding these pathways is essential for designing effective interventions. Objectives: This study examined the relationships among childhood trauma, mental health, and victimization experiences among incarcerated women in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to November 2023 among 106 female prisoners from Yazd and Shiraz prisons. Participants were selected through purposive non-probability sampling, and recruitment from two prisons was used to achieve an adequate sample size. Eligible participants were women aged 18 60 years with a minimum of one year of incarceration and documented or self reported histories of childhood abuse. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Childhood Adverse Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ), the Bullying-Victimization Scale (BVS), and the Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Standardized procedures, interviewer training, validated instruments, and confidentiality safeguards were applied to reduce bias. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS 25 and AMOS 27, with age, education, and socioeconomic status controlled as covariates. Results: Participants ranged in age from 18 to 60 years (34.4 +/- 11.02). Regarding education, 49.1% had less than a high school diploma. In terms of socioeconomic status, 44.3% reported low and 55.7% reported middle to high status. Childhood trauma significantly predicted poorer mental health outcomes and higher levels of victimization during incarceration [B-041, 95% CI (0.23, 0.58), P < 0.001] The structural model demonstrated acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.92 , RMSEA = 0.032, TLIOS). TE SEM indicated that childhood trauma and mental health explained 23% of the variance in victimization, while the multiple regression model with control variables explained 52.9%. Conclusions: Findings highlight the critical role of childhood trauma in shaping mental vulnerability and victimization among incarcerated women. The results emphasize the need for trauma informed and mental health focused interventions in correctional settings. However, due to the non probability sampling and modest sample size, generalizability should be approached with caution.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occurs with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Objectives: This study sought to quantify the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a population of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 6 -18 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children with ASD who were referred to the Psychiatry Department of Urmia Razi Hospital, affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences, between March 2O22 and October 2023. Demographic information about the children was collected using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: Of the 12O patients, 783% were male and 21.7% were female, with a mean age of 113 +/- 3.91 years. Thirteen patients met the diagnostic criteria for OCD, including 1O males (10.6%) and 3 females (11.5%), with a mean age of 12.92 +/- 3.66 years. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with GAD, comprising 17 males (18.1%) and 4 females (15.4%), with a mean age of 12.29 +/- 3.70 years. No significant association was reported between age and OCD prevalence (P = 0.113) or GAD (P = 0.194); moreover, between OCD or GAD among male and female patients (P = 0.896 and P = 0.748, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of OCD among youth with ASD was found to be 10.8% (95% CI: 5.3% -16.4%), while the prevalence of GAD was 17.5% (95% CI: 10.7% - 243%). The age and gender distribution of patients with OCD and GAD in this study was relatively equal. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age and sex were not significant predictors of OCD or GAD in this cohort.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that substantially impairs patients’ quality of life. Psychological factors may influence the severity of IBS symptoms and treatment outcomes. Alexithymia is a transdiagnostic factor associated with various psychopathologies and is linked to poorer psychotherapy outcomes and a weaker therapeutic alliance. Perfectionism and maladaptive defense styles may contribute to alexithymia, but their role in IBS remains underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations among perfectionism, defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with IBS. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included patients with IBS referred to Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran, in 2023. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 244 participants were enrolled. Data were collected using Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships among these variables. Results: Ordinal logistic regression showed that higher levels of perfectionism (OR = 1.021; P = 0.011; 95% CI, 1.005 - 1.037) and an immature defense style (OR = 1.037; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.022 - 1.053) significantly predicted higher odds of alexithymia. Compared with office-based employees, self-employed individuals (OR = 0.362; P = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.172 - 0.763) and unemployed participants, including students and housewives (OR = 0.426; P = 0.020; 95% CI, 0.208 - 0.872), had significantly lower odds of alexithymia. Conclusions: These findings indicate significant associations among perfectionism, maladaptive defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with IBS. Although these associations suggest that psychological factors may contribute to the clinical profile of IBS, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Nevertheless, these findings may inform future research on psychiatric interventions targeting perfectionism and defense mechanisms as potential pathways for reducing alexithymia.
Background: Psychological well-being (PWB) is an essential aspect of students’ mental health and adjustment in university settings. The dark triad of personality (DTP) and light triad of personality (LTP) play contrasting roles in shaping PWB, yet their combined effects among university students remain underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the level of PWB and its relationship to the prevalence of personality triad among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional observational design was employed, and the study sample consisted of 513 participants (234 male students and 279 female students), selected through convenience sampling from various colleges and academic levels during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. To collect data, PWB and personality triad scales were used. Results: Students experience a moderate level of PWB, and the environmental mastery dimension is the highest. The prevalence of DTP was low, whereas LTP was high. Results showed no statistically significant differences in PWB and personality triad levels based on gender or academic level variables. Finally, personality triad explained (38%) of the variation in PWB, and the dimensions of LTP were positively associated with PWB, whereas the dimensions of DTP were negatively associated with PWB to varying degrees. Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to understanding how personality disposition is associated with students' PWB.
Background: Climate change represents one of the most significant challenges of our time, acting as a chronic stressor with profound implications for human mental health. Its impact on personality disorders remains underexplored. Objectives: This brief report aims to explore the relationship between climate change and the development or exacerbation of personality disorders. Methods: This brief report conceptually examines existing evidence and theoretical perspectives on chronic climate-induced stressors, including forced migration, resource scarcity, and exposure to extreme weather events. Results: Chronic climate-related stressors may disrupt the psychosocial foundations of identity and relational stability. These disruptions can impede healthy personality development in vulnerable individuals or intensify pre-existing maladaptive traits, particularly those associated with borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Conclusions: There is a critical need for tailored psychosocial support mechanisms to address these challenges. Integrating trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and long-term psychosocial strategies into climate adaptation policies may be essential for enhancing resilience and reducing the mental health burden among affected populations.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a recognized mental health issue, defined in the DSM-5 as a condition characterized by intrusive, anxiety-inducing obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between obsessive beliefs, perfectionism, and responsibility with OCD symptoms, with a focus on the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in a non-clinical population in Karaj, Iran Methods: A priori power analysis using G*Power (alpha = 0.05, 1-beta = 0.80, effect size = 0.20) determined a required sample of approximately 1,350 participants; final n = 1,321. This cross-sectional study examines the relationships among obsessive beliefs, perfectionism, responsibility, and OCD symptoms in individuals aged 18 to 35 residing in Karaj, Iran. The study employs five validated instruments: The Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), the Responsibility Questionnaire, and the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS). Data were collected through cluster sampling across four districts of Karaj, Iran between January and July 2024. To address potential sources of bias, standardized data collection protocols were implemented, cluster-related bias was examined by ICC (0.004), missing data were handled via FIML, and statistical screening was applied for outliers. Self-report bias was minimized through anonymous administration and confidentiality assurances. Data analysis utilized SPSS v.25 and SEM via LISREL v.8.8, focusing on direct and indirect effects (significance level P < 0.05). Results: Participants were 1,321 young adults (50.6% female, 49.4% male; 50.9% under 25 years, 49.1% >= 25 years). The results indicate that obsessive beliefs significantly increase OCD symptoms (beta = 0.13, t = 4.75, P < 0.001), while responsibility has a notable negative effect (beta = -0.18, t = -6.35, P < 0.001). Metacognitive beliefs also positively impact OCD (beta = 0.17, t = 6.22, P < 0.001). Positive perfectionism significantly decreases OCD symptoms (beta = -0.18, t = -6.75, P < 0.001); negative perfectionism is non-significant (beta = -0.03, t = -1.15, P > 0.05). In mediation analysis, obsessive beliefs (indirect effect = 0.0408), responsibility (indirect effect = -0.034), and positive perfectionism (indirect effect = -0.0289) significantly influence OCD through metacognitive beliefs; negative perfectionism remains non-significant (indirect effect = -0.0013). Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of targeting metacognitive beliefs in interventions aimed at reducing OCD symptoms. Although bias-mitigation procedures were implemented, the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-report tools, and geographically restricted cluster sampling may limit causal inference and introduce sampling bias. Generalizability is therefore limited primarily to urban young adults in Karaj with similar sociocultural contexts, and extrapolation to clinical populations or other regions should be made cautiously. Future longitudinal, multi-city, and mixed-method studies are recommended to enhance causal inference and external validity.
Background: Contradictory findings have been reported regarding suicide rates among children and adolescents (C&A) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study examined potential changes in the prevalence of suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic among C&A referred to the emergency department. It also analyzed the data by sex, age group, and suicide method. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data were collected for all patients aged 18 years or younger who visited the psychiatric emergency room of Ahvaz Golestan Hospital between March 2017 and March 2023. The medical records of all patients aged 18 years or younger who were referred for suicide attempts were reviewed. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smimov test, t-test, and analysis of variance were used. A significance level of <5% was considered. Results: A total of 52 patients who attempted suicide (48.1% boys and 51.9% girls), with a mean age of 14.98 +/- 1.73 years, were referred during the study period. The prevalence of suicide attempts ranged from 4.16% to 11.92%. The highest prevalence (11.92%) occurred from March 2020 to March 2021. The prevalence of suicide attempts was higher among girls before the pandemic and increased among boys during the pandemic. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of suicide attempts before versus during the pandemic. The most common method was hanging. The year of suicide attempt was not significantly associated with age, sex, or suicide method. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of suicide attempts before versus during the pandemic. The year of suicide was not significantly associated with age, sex, or suicide method.
