Introduction:The coexistence of chronic diseases has led to greater negativity in patients than the negativity of diseases individually speaking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the body mass index on metabolic profile, isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, static and dynamic balance, and anaerobic capacity in dyslipidemia patients, as well as to emphasize what exercises should be recommended for recovering the experienced functional loss of the patients.
Night Shift Work and Weight Gain among Female Filipino Nurses by Raymundo Apellido MSN, Walden University, 2012 BSN, Cabanatuan City Colleges, Philippines, 1979 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Healthcare Administration Walden University January 2018 Abstract The research problem is the increasing numbers of overweight and obese nurses working the night shift. Study on overweight and obesity among female Filipino nurses has not been conducted. It was important to conduct a research study among female Filipino nurses to find out if there are statistically significant associations between night shift work and weight gain. The purpose of this correlational and cross-sectional study was to determine if there are statistically significant associations between insufficient sleep,The research problem is the increasing numbers of overweight and obese nurses working the night shift. Study on overweight and obesity among female Filipino nurses has not been conducted. It was important to conduct a research study among female Filipino nurses to find out if there are statistically significant associations between night shift work and weight gain. The purpose of this correlational and cross-sectional study was to determine if there are statistically significant associations between insufficient sleep, abnormal eating patterns, working 12-hour shifts, years of working night shift, age, stress, marital status, nursing units, decreased physical activity, and level of weight gain among female Filipino nurses working the night shift in the hospital. The theoretical base of this study was the locate evidence, evaluate evidence, assess evidence, and informed decision model. The survey questionnaire was constructed and an online survey through Survey Monkey was used to access nurses via a convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA. According to study findings, there were significant associations between insufficient sleep, abnormal eating patterns, marital status, 12-hour shifts, number of years working on night shift, and increased in body mass index. The implications for social change include information that nurses can use to better understand the negative implications of night shift work on health. At the organizational level, this study provides information for administrators and nursing leaders that might facilitate change in policies by improving working conditions for nurses. Dedication This is dedicated to my wife Belen Bautista-Apellido and my son Kristofer Raymond Apellido who heartedly understood all the times I spent on the computer writing paper after paper. To my brothers and sisters in the Philippines who are proud of my achievement, thank you for your continued support. To my nieces and nephews whom I sent to school in the Philippines, follow my steps. Acknowledgments A million thanks to my committee chair Dr. Cynthia Newell for her comments and feedbacks on every chapter of this dissertation process. Dr. Cynthia Newell provided me words of encouragements and endless support as I went through this long and difficult journey. I would also like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to my committee member Dr. Ronald Hudak for his detailed help in all the revisions of my document.
Based on theoretical considerations which hypothesize a significant influence of emotions on eating behavior a laboratory experiment was conducted.127 subjects of both sexes were investigated after the induction of joy or sadness with subsequent presentation of chocolate.Neither gender nor the quality of the emotion had a significant effect on the consumed amount of chocolate, but habitual dietary restraint of the subjects lead to lower intake of the sweet food.The results are discussed with respect to the usefulness of a cognitive control of eating behavior in successful treatment programs for obesity.
Introduction:The benefits of exercise have been known a long time ago, physical activity is an important factor to reduce the risk of unhealthy weigh.Certain types of foods, eating habits have been linked to weight and BMI. Methods:This was an observational descriptive cross-sectional university-based study of 100 female medical students of Almaarefa Colleges from level 3 to 8, participants were chosen randomly and questionnaires were distributed among them and anthropometric measurements were taken for BMI calculations.Results: Out of 100 female medical students, 52% were of a normal weight category at level 5-6.Obesity was only seen among level 3-4 (12%).57% of normal weight participants don't eat very fast.52% of normal weight participants exercise and 35% of them exercise 3 times or more a week.No obese participants were seen in those who exercise 3 times a week or more.60% of overweight/obese participants exercise 2 times or less a week. Conclusion:This study revealed a strong association between physical activity and BMI, also fast eating was found to be associated with obesity.
The study explores the impact of varying levels of added sugar on the sensory characteristics of chocolate milk. Chocolate milk for mulations were studied with five levels of added sugar (g): 0 (A), 7 (B), 14 (C), 21 (D) and 28 g (E) in 237 mL of chocolate milk.
Dietary restraint has been hypothesized to be a risk factor to develop disordered eating behavior with the consequence of clinical eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder.Because of mostly unsuccessful dieting efforts restrained eaters are supposed to suffer from stress, indicated by a higher cortisol response.The present investigation tested this hypothesis in 41 subjects undergoing a laboratory stress test with the measurement of salivary cortisol.The results show lower stress induced cortisol in the restrained eaters.This is discussed with regard to a possibly dysregulated intake behavior in restrained eaters.
Introduction: Hydrotherapy, as the name suggests is the most ancient method of treating diseases by using water in its various forms.The use of water for therapy has been around for hundreds of years.The cold wet sheet pack is one of the common hydrotherapy techniques used for reducing body weight.There have been no documented studies conducted to scientifically evaluate this effect.This study is an attempt to examine the effect of cold wet sheet pack on body temperature.Application of cold wet sheet pack for particular duration increases the body temperature by utilization of calories thus may leads to reduction of bodyweight.
Introduction: Despite the high numbers of participants in both rugby league and union, literature on body image of male rugby players is somewhat limited.However researchers have theorized that the exercise adopted by males may reflect different levels of dissatisfaction, especially in activities that require a large body build, or lean aesthetic physique [1].Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of body (dis)satisfaction in terms of muscularity and body fat, and secondly to identify areas of the body that require a change (in either increase/decrease in musculature or body fat) to improve body image. Method:A volunteer sample of n = 93 male University Rugby Union and League participants between the ages 18 -25 years of age were targeted via social media.An online survey was taken using a mixture of multiple choices and Likert scaled questions from an adaptation of the Bodybuilders Image Grid (BIG-O) [2].Participants identified areas for increased muscularity and areas of the body for body fat changes and statistical analyses used to assess the difference between current and ideal body size.Results: Participants were mostly dissatisfied (49.46%) with their current body image.All participants highlighted at least one muscle group for increased muscularity.88.44% of participants desired no increase in body fat, whilst 86.41% wished to reduce body fat in at least one area.Pectorals (50.52%), quadriceps (43.01%) and abdominals (34.41%) were the most common areas for increased muscle mass.Main areas targeted for reduced body fat were stomach (86.02%), chest (39.78%) and back (24.73%). Conclusion:Although body image is complex and easily influenced, the majority of participant's were dissatisfied with their body and desired a reduction in body fat levels and increased muscularity.Recommendations would allow researchers to compare body (dis) satisfaction between those with a performance focus and those focused on societies ideal.Furthermore, to recruit varying rugby playing standards, such as international and club level players and compare if there are differences in body (dis)satisfaction.
Inconsistent results of stress induced eating behavior in obesity have been reported.In order to describe the effect of stress on eating behavior in detail, we investigated microstructural aspects of food intake in a controlled laboratory experiment.Eating behavior of 43 obese women and 42 normal weight controls between 18 and 30 years was assessed twice (one time after participating in the Trier Social Stress Test and one time after a control session).A universal eating monitor was used to obtain cumulative intake curves with pudding as laboratory food.Compared to controls, obese showed inhibited eating behavior after stress.The results are interpreted and discussed with regard to restrained eating.
Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are growing problems that are associated with major health problems.However, the current information on the association between obesity and physical activity (PA) in Saudi women of reproductive age is insufficient to design and develop intervention programs.Objective: To explore the rates of two types of obesity (general and abdominal obesity) and the level of PA and to evaluate the relationship among obesity risk factors, the use of exercise equipment at home, and obesity measurements. Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 using a stratified two-stage cluster sample.The sampling weight and design effect were incorporated into the analysis.Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) data were collected from all participants.Obesity is one of the ten leading health indicators used to measure health status [1].Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity is generally higher among women than among men; nearly two thirds of reproductive-aged women in the United States are currently overweight or obese [2], placing them at elevated risk for adverse health outcomes.A recent Saudi National Health Survey in people aged 15 years and above indicated that the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among women (33.5%) than men (24.1%) [3].This survey also showed high rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among Saudi women, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.The survey found that 11.7% of the women had diabetes, 12.5% had hypertension, and 7.3% had hypercholesterolemia (40% of the study samples were between the ages of 15 and 24) [4].The reproductive years are an important life stage for women; it may result in significant weight gain that could affect women's short-and long-term health and the health of their children [5,6].However, as most studies in Saudi Arabia have focused on the male population, children, adolescents, and women in their college years (under the age of 24 years), existing literature in Saudi Arabia focusing on the prevalence of obesity among Saudi women of reproductive age is lacking.Additionally, most of the existing Setting: Twelve primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Maintaining a healthy body weight is important for overall health and can help prevent and control many chronic conditions.However, the information surrounding the barriers to healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA) for weight maintenance among Saudi women of reproductive age is insufficient to design and develop intervention programs.Objective: To explore personal, social, and physical environmental factors that act as barriers to maintaining a healthy weight and how these barriers vary by socio-demographic and weight status.
Context: Childhood obesity is epidemic in the United States, but low levels of physical activity and high levels of screen time are modifiable risk factors.An activity meter (AM) program, that utilizes an interactive child-focused website and measures the amount and intensity of physical activity, may promote activity and decrease BMI. Objective:The current study tests the feasibility of using an AM program with child-caregiver pairs in a primary care setting.We hypothesize that participants would rate the system as easy to use, would be motivated with their engagement in physical activity, and would continue to use and recommend to others.We hypothesize the AM system would increase children's physical activity levels and decrease engagement in screen time over the study period.We also measure changes in participants' body mass index (BMI).Design: Prospective study assessing ease of use and satisfaction with the AM program post-intervention and comparing physical activity and BMI changes in children and caregivers from pre-and post-intervention over a 4-month period.Setting: A primary care clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.Participants: Ten children ages 9-14 years with BMI over 85th percentile and their associated caregivers.Intervention: Zamzee AM and website.Main Measures: Child and caregiver satisfaction ratings, physical activity measured by AM and survey, screen time engagement measured by survey, and BMI.Results: Between September 2014 and February 2015, 10 child-caregiver pairs were enrolled, and one pair did not complete the study.Both children and caregivers were satisfied with the usability of the AM and website, were motivated to be more physically active and would continue use of the meter after the study.Six activity meters were lost and five were broken.There were no significant changes in physical activity, screen time, or BMI in either caregivers or children. Conclusion:This feasibility study suggests promise for use of an AM program in the primary care setting but no effectiveness in improving activity level, screen time or BMI over 4 months.Further study with attention to intervention refinement and larger sample sizes is warranted.Given the prevalence of children with overweight/obesity, innovative ideas to promote physical activity are required.
Introduction:The management of acute abdomen in super-obese patients is controversial.
Background:The indigenous Amerindian populations living in the southern interior part of Suriname have to date largely maintained their traditional hunter-gatherer life-style.In this study we compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeTS) and its component risk factors between indigenous Amerindian women of the interior of Suriname, with indigenous Amerindian women living in the coastal-rural areas who have a more urbanized lifestyle.We focused on women since the Suriname Health study showed that Indigenous women had the second highest MeTS prevalence nationwide.Methods: A subset of secondary data from the Suriname Health Study was used.The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and of MeTS and its component risk factors were compared between the two populations, using analyses of variance and chi-square tests.
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between gingival stimulation and the levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin and glucose, which are important regulators of energy homeostasis. Materials and Methods:Blood samples for ghrelin, leptin, glucose and insulin were taken from 15 male volunteers (mean age 25.5±2.3years; mean body mass index 24.4±2.79kg/m 2 ), who did not brush their teeth for one day, after a 12 h-long overnight fasting and before standard breakfast (0 min) and thereafter at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after breakfast.After tooth brushing after dinner and after a 12 h-long overnight fasting, blood samples were taken again before standard breakfast (0 min) and then after at the same time points following tooth brushing.
Background: Previous studies have shown that women who are overweight or obese are at risk for adverse reproductive outcomes, including infertility, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.However, information surrounding the risk factors for obesity among Saudi women of reproductive age is deficient due to the limited number of studies that assessed obesity prevalence among them.
Background: Gaining weight outside of the Institute of Medicine guidelines puts a woman and her foetus at an increased risk.Limited or incorrect information is being provided to women during antenatal care.Research shows that physicians do not perceive this as an important issue. Aims:We aimed to assess both physician and patient perspective to weight gain in pregnancy as well as assessing physicians current practice to weight management.
The Ideal Weight has been an interesting topic for years.The Healthiest Weight should be accurate and unique for everyone.Current methods use the BMI (Body Mass Index) as an indicator of a person's optimal weight.However, BMI has some issues, leading to inefficient weight management programs.Successful programs should consider the optimal timing for the brain control of weight-presetting, the fundamental of the Lipostat theory, not yet reported in humans.In this study, the bases for successful Weight Management Programs are proposed by BMI sub-categorization, current state-of-the-art mobile technology and self-experimentation.This is the first reported longterm human self-experiment involving successful weight loss, metabolic adaptation and weight-presetting, consistent with the Lipostat theory.New concepts and ideas are raised, setting up the bases for further experimental investigations.
Our research study on diabetic patients in a community in South Texas have shown that increasing age, male gender, married status, smoking history, limited education, and birth in Mexico are risk factors for observed increasing HbA1c and FBG.Elevated lipoprotein levels are particularly observed in type 2 diabetes.Low insulin levels and high BMI in this high risk population correlate to the severity of their diabetes.Moreover we have observed that being born in Mexico influences the patient's method of treatment with use of oral or combined oral and parenteral routes with poor control of their diabetes.Perhaps the Hispanics born in Mexico may have limited knowledge of their disease influenced by their educational level, socioeconomic status, and prior misconceptions on appropriate methods of treatment(s).
Obesity is a known risk for cardio-metabolic diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease [1,2], type-2 diabetes mellitus [3] and comorbidities like obstructive sleep apnea [4].Previous studies showed hemodynamic and autonomic alterations in lean compared to obese [5,6] such as increased resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) [5,7], muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) [5,7,8], left ventricular mass index [9] and low frequency spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) [6].Contrary to this, autonomic activity was also shown to decrease with obesity [10,11] and had inverse relationship with body fat percentage [1].
