Background A major impediment to the broad industrial rollout of amine-based carbon capture is the significant energy penalty, especially during solvent regeneration. Solid acid catalysts offer an attractive pathway to lower the energy required for solvent regeneration. Methods In this study, we present a series of Al2O3-modified sepiolite (Alx/SEP) catalysts fabricated via a straightforward impregnation method, which serve as highly efficient and durable catalytic sites for promoting CO2 desorption from monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions. Significant Findings The optimized Al14/SEP catalyst achieves a 113% increase in maximum CO2 desorption rate and a 168% enhancement in total CO2 desorption amount at 90 °C, while reducing the relative regeneration heat duty by 62.8% compared to the non-catalytic process. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the superior performance of Al14/SEP originates from its high density of acid sites and favorable mesoporous structure. In addition, cycling experiments verified the excellent stability of Al14/SEP, preserving over 88% of its starting desorption capacity after eight desorption experiments. This work not only demonstrates the potential of sepiolite as a low-cost, eco-friendly catalyst support but also provides a sustainable pathway toward energy-efficient amine-based carbon capture.
Background Active site leaching of CaO-based catalysts severely limits their durability and reusability in biodiesel production. To address this issue, this study aims to enhance the stability of CaO catalysts through cerium (Ce) modification and rational design of Ce/Ca bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Methods A series of Ce/Ca MOF-derived catalysts were synthesized by varying the Ce/Ca molar ratio and calcination temperature. The effects of composition and structural evolution on catalytic performance were systematically investigated using TG, XRD, BET, FTIR, SEM, and XPS techniques. Significant Findings Results indicate that the incorporation of Ce would induce lattice distortions of Ca, thus increasing the oxygen vacancies. To maintain electrical neutrality, electrons tend to cluster around Ca; as a result, the electron density around Ca increased. This confirms the strong electronic interaction between Ca and Ce, which is the reason for the enhanced stability of CaO. The optimized catalyst, C3-800N (Ce:Ca = 3:10, calcined at 800 °C under N2) exhibited remarkable reusability and strong tolerance to water and free fatty acids, with only a 2.17% decline in activity after eight cycles under mild conditions (65 °C, 8 wt.% catalyst, methanol-to-oil molar ratio = 9:1, 1 h). This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for developing durable and efficient MOF-derived Ca-based solid base catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production.
CuMn2O4 photocatalysts doping with different metal elements (Bi3+, Co2+and Zn2+) were fabricated by a hydrothermal-calcination method. The results indicated that the incorporation of Bi3+, Co2+and Zn2+ could effectively optimize the photocatalytic performance of CuMn2O4. Specially, Bi3+ doped CuMn2O4 exhibited the highest tetracycline hydrochloride degradation efficiency (84.44%), and its reaction rate constant (32.45×10−3min−1) was around 10 times that of unadorned CuMn2O4. The success relied on the metal elements doping which enables boosted charge separation efficacy. This study offers a promising strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of CuMn2O4 by introducing foreign elements with appropriate ionic radius.
Background Mixed surfactant systems are widely deployed for heavy oil enhanced oil recovery, yet wettability-dependent displacement mechanisms at molecular scales remain insufficiently elucidated. Molecular dynamics simulations deepen the mechanistic understanding of surfactant flooding and provide theoretical support for practical engineering applications. Methods Core flooding experiments, interfacial tension measurements, and contact angle tests were performed to evaluate displacement efficiency and wettability modification. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations with a heavy oil model were conducted on hydrophilic and oleophilic surfaces to characterize adsorption, non-equilibrium displacement, and residual oil migration. Significant findings The APG-10/AEC-9Na binary mixture delivers the highest oil displacement efficiency, lowest interfacial tension, and most pronounced wettability reversal experimentally. Simulations reveal oleophilic surfaces exert strong adsorption confinement on heavy fractions. On hydrophilic surfaces, competitive adsorption reduces heavy oil adsorption area by 39%, and elevated surfactant concentration favors residual oil detachment and promotes emulsion formation, raising migration distance to 84.60 Å.
Background Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic antioxidant widely incorporated into edible oils, but its excessive consumption poses health risks, necessitating precise monitoring. This study presents a newly developed electrochemical sensor utilizing shock wave-treated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N5) aimed at the sensitive and selective identification of TBHQ. Methods The g-C3N5 was synthesized via thermal-pyrolysis of 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate and subjected to high-pressure shock wave treatment using a tabletop Reddy Tube, inducing structural modifications that enhance its electrochemical properties. Among the treated samples, g-C3N5–200 exhibited optimal performance due to the improved electron transfer and enhanced defect engineering. Comprehensive characterizations, including XRD, UV–Vis, PL, XPS, and electrochemical technique, confirmed the significantly improved electronic transport behaviour and reaction kinetics of the modified material. Significant Findings The g-C3N5–200/GCE device exhibited a broad concentration-dependent linear (0.09 – 1002.9 μM) with a high sensitivity of 3.225 μA μM-1 cm-2, and a detection capability reaching 0.01 μM, with high selectivity against potential interferents. These findings suggest the practical utility of the shock-treated g-C3N5 sensor for real-time analysis of TBHQ in complex food samples.
Background Forward osmosis (FO) membranes are promising for water treatment because of their low energy consumption, high rejection, and low fouling tendency, but their performance is limited by internal concentration polarization (ICP), reverse salt flux, and fouling. Developing thin and porous support layers is critical for alleviating ICP and enhancing water permeability. This study aims to investigate whether incorporating COFs-TATP into the PES support layer can alleviate internal concentration polarization while simultaneously improving water flux and suppressing reverse salt flux. Methods In this study, β-ketoenamine-linked COFs-TATP nanomaterials with abundant functional groups were synthesized through condensation of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB), and then incorporated into a polyethersulfone (PES) support layer. A polyamide (PA) selective layer was subsequently formed by interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), yielding a high-performance PA/COFs@PES FO membrane. Significant findings The incorporation of COFs-TATP improved the hydrophilicity and porosity of the PES support layer, which was accompanied by enhanced water transport, reduced reverse salt diffusion, improved antifouling behavior, and favorable operational stability. Under optimized conditions with 0.1 wt% COFs-TATP and 2 M NaCl draw solution, the membrane achieved a water flux of 46.84 LMH and reverse salt flux of 5.51 GMH, representing a 44.5% increase and 26.5% decrease, respectively, compared with pristine PA/PES membranes. These findings suggest that support-layer engineering through the incorporation of hydrophilic porous COFs-TATP may represent a feasible strategy for simultaneously enhancing water transport and suppressing reverse salt transport in thin-film composite FO membranes, which may be useful for the future development of FO membranes for seawater desalination.
Background High-performance Sn–Ag alloys are promising interconnection materials. However, the large onset potential difference between Sn2+ and Ag+ hinders their electrodeposition, leading to preferential Ag deposition and compositional instability, especially at high current densities. This study aims to develop a cyanide-free coordination system to achieve Sn-Ag alloy co-deposition under high current density. Method A methanesulfonic acid electrolyte system employing 2-aminobenzenethiol (2-ABT) was designed. Electrochemical analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the deposition behavior and coordination structure. The coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRF, and XRD, and the practical plating performance was systematically evaluated. Significant findings 2-ABT effectively reduced the onset deposition potential difference between Sn2+ and Ag+ from 830 mV to less than 50 mV, enabling alloy co-deposition. A stable (N,S)–Ag–(S,N) chelate structure was identified, with Ag–S interactions playing a dominant role in maintaining stability. Increasing the 2-ABT/Ag molar ratio promoted particle refinement. The addition of bisphenol A polyoxyethylene ether (BPA) increased the allowable current density from 5 to 20 A dm−2, enabling high-speed electrodeposition. The deposits exhibited excellent through-thickness compositional uniformity and a stable β-Sn/Ag3Sn dual-phase structure. Furthermore, the developed plating bath achieved a cathodic current efficiency of approximately 90% over 1–25 A dm−2, demonstrating its strong potential for practical high-speed cyanide-free Sn–Ag electroplating.
Background The textile industry generates substantial volumes of dye-contaminated wastewater, posing severe environmental and health risks due to the persistence, toxicity, and resistance to biodegradation of synthetic dyes such as Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Violet (MV). This study aimed to develop a sustainable and efficient nanocomposite adsorbent by combining green-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with chitosan (CS) to address the limitations of conventional dye removal methods, including high cost, energy consumption, and generation of harmful by-products. Methods TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a green route using crude aqueous ginger extract, with synthesis optimized by a Box–Behnken design considering extract volume (1–5 mL), titanium precursor concentration (0.1–0.5 M), and calcination temperature (400–500°C). The optimized TiO₂ nanoparticles were immobilized in chitosan beads to fabricate the CS@TiO₂ nanocomposite. The material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, and pHPZC analyses. Adsorption performance was evaluated through kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, reusability, and DFT studies, and validated using real textile wastewater. Findings The optimal conditions (5 mL CAE, 0.3 M precursor, 400°C) produced mesoporous TiO₂ nanoparticles with a BET surface area of 150.49 m² g⁻¹ and a particle size of 10.38 nm. Chitosan incorporation increased the surface area to 201.24 m² g⁻¹ with an average pore diameter of 8.25 nm. CS@TiO₂ reached adsorption equilibrium within 120 min, following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R²=0.992 for CV and 0.989 for MV) and the Langmuir model, with maximum capacities of 165.84 mg g⁻¹ for CV and 132.84 mg g⁻¹ for MV. Adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with ΔG° values of −6.26 to −7.84 kJ mol⁻¹ for CV and −3.86 to −4.59 kJ mol⁻¹ for MV. DFT showed a reduction in the HOMO–LUMO gap from 5.27 to 1.20 eV, while CV exhibited higher global softness (1.65 eV⁻¹) than MV (0.26 eV⁻¹). In real textile wastewater, the nanocomposite removed 87.75% COD, 75.00% BOD₅, and 98.35% electrical conductivity, with near-complete decolorization, and retained 67.77% CV removal after five cycles, confirming its potential as an efficient and reusable adsorbent.
Background Post-electrostatic precipitator (ESP) Medium Gas-Gas Heaters (MGGH) operate in an acid-rich, low-dust environment, promoting dense fouling that threatens operational safety. This study investigates the physicochemical evolution of this complex fouling to optimize chemical cleaning and prevent industrial equipment blockage. Methods The structural and chemical evolution of bulk MGGH fouling samples was investigated under aqueous, alkaline, and acidic soaking conditions. The residual solids and leachates were both thoroughly described. Leaching kinetics and micro-morphological measurements were carried out to determine phase transitions and fouling disintegration mechanisms. Findings MGGH fouling exhibits inherent acidity. Leaching analysis shows Cl− reaches equilibrium rapidly, whereas SO42− and F− release depend on the environment. Aqueous and acidic environments dissolve the rod-like CaSO4 skeletal structure. Therefore, the fouling matrix eventually breaks down. In contrast, alkaline soaking triggers a dangerous “secondary solidification”. Under alkaline conditions, fly ash reacts with calcium at the particle interface. This reaction produces flocculent calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels. The generated gels bind ash particles together and form a high-strength matrix. These results reveal the dual-pathway transformation of MGGH fouling and support the use of acidic detergents. In contrast, traditional alkaline cleaning agents should be avoided because they can cause irreversible blockage. The findings provide practical guidance for MGGH cleaning and fouling control.
Background Bio-oil is a renewable resource derived from biomass. It is widely used as a fuel for the chemical industry, but its application potential in the field of green energy remains insufficiently exploited. Here, we present a sustainable strategy to upcycle pine-derived bio-oil into functional carbon nanodots for advanced photocatalysis and clean energy production. Methods Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (PNCDs) were synthesized from pine bio-oil via a DMF-assisted hydrothermal process. After calcination, PNCDs were integrated with g-C₃N₄ nanosheets to construct a PNCDs/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution via water splitting. Significant findings Experimental data indicate that a hydrogen production rate of 2.43 mmol/g/h can be achieved by adding PNCDs solution. And the catalyst notably attains a high apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 24.4%. By introducing PNCDs, the bandgap structure of g-C₃N₄ was successfully modulated, thereby significantly enhancing its light absorption capacity. Furthermore, PNCDs act as an electron reservoir, capturing electrons released from the conduction band of g-C₃N₄ to achieve spatial separation of photo-generated electrons and holes. This study aims to explore the vast potential of bio-oil in converting into high-quality products, while enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of carbon nitride under visible light.
Background Intensive uranium mining discharges acidic effluent, posing significant risks to ecosystems and public health. Methods The adsorption of U(VI) by cow bone (CB) and cow bone biochars (CBCs, i.e., CBC400, CBC600, CBC800) prepared in a simple, efficient, and low-cost way at different pyrolysis temperatures was explored. Significant Findings With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the yield of CBC decreased, whereas the specific surface area, pore size, and aromaticity increased, and the number of oxygen-containing functional groups decreased. Among the types of prepared CBCs, CBC600 exhibited the highest U(VI) removal ratio (99.40%) and theoretical adsorption capacity (1125.99 mg/g) at pH=4.0 and T = 303 K. The adsorption data for CBC600 follows Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, suggesting a monolayer process that is controlled by chemical adsorption. After five cycles, the desorption efficiency of CBC600 for U(VI) remained above 85%. Additionally, CBC600 demonstrated suitable stability against ion interference. Quantitative analysis revealed that the primary mechanisms for U(VI) adsorption by CBC600 were ion exchange (57%), π-π bonding interactions (20.11%), surface functional group complexation (11.76%), mineral precipitation (11.12%), and physical adsorption/electrostatic attraction (0.01%). Therefore, pyrolyzing cow bone into biochar for pollutant removal is a key strategy to achieve the goal of "turning waste into treasure".
Background Gas–liquid microreactors are widely used in multiphase flow and process intensification, where improving gas–liquid contact remains a key challenge. Methods This study modifies a novel trigonometric baffle microchannel to achieve passive intensification of bubble breakup and interface renewal through pure geometric structural design. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, the evolution of two-phase flow patterns, bubble breakup mechanisms, and the influence of surfactant (the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) on interfacial dynamics were systematically investigated. Key Findings The results indicate that the asymmetric baffle configuration and serial units synergistically promote bubble breakup through combined shear and vortex effects. At a gas-to-liquid velocity ratio of 1 m/s: 1 m/s, the maximum interfacial curvature coefficient reaches 0.11. The introduction of surfactant further expands the efficient operating window, enhancing the interfacial curvature coefficient by up to 490%, particularly under conditions of low liquid velocity or high gas-to-liquid ratios. Based on the liquid-phase Reynolds number, gas-phase Weber number, and normalized surfactant concentration, an empirical correlation for predicting the interfacial curvature coefficient is established, showing good agreement with experimental data. This study provides a feasible microreactor design strategy and operational guidance for gas–liquid two-phase flow regulation and process intensification.
Background The development of sustainable photocatalytic systems for simultaneous hydrogen production and wastewater remediation is crucial for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Red mud analogue, an abundant industrial waste from alumina processing, poses serious ecological risks, yet its high-value reutilization remains limited. Method A multifunctional TiO₂–RMAFe–g-C₃N₄ heterostructured composite was rationally synthesized and further immobilized into a polymeric membrane matrix. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were conducted, and the photocatalytic performance was evaluated through visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution and membrane-assisted degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Significant findings The optimized TiO₂–RMAFe–g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst exhibits a high hydrogen evolution rate of 1623 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, significantly surpassing that of the individual components. The corresponding photocatalytic membrane achieves near-complete degradation efficiencies of 99.7% for MB and 99.6% for RhB, together with excellent reusability and operational stability. The superior performance is attributed to enhanced visible-light absorption, accelerated charge separation, and efficient interfacial charge transfer induced by the synergistic heterojunction architecture. This study provides a viable waste-to-wealth strategy for red mud valorization and offers a promising platform for integrated clean hydrogen generation and wastewater treatment.
Background: Wet dust collection is essential for managing active metal dust; however, metal-water reactions often induce unintended hydrogen evolution, leading to explosion risks and resource loss. Existing strategies mainly emphasize safety containment rather than kinetic regulation. This study proposes a green approach using bioderived Malus spectabilis leaf extract (MSLE) to regulate hydrogen generation. Methods: Hydrogen evolution kinetics of Al-Li alloy dust in wet systems were experimentally evaluated with and without MSLE. The inhibition performance and long-term stability were quantified. Combined experimental characterization and molecular simulations were employed to elucidate the adsorption behavior and interfacial regulation mechanisms at the molecular level. Significant findings: The hydrogen yield of Al-Li dust exceeded 25% in wet conditions, while MSLE markedly suppressed hydrolysis, achieving the highest inhibition efficiency of 97.38% within the tested concentration range and maintaining sustained inhibition throughout the tested 7-day period. Results reveal a synergistic physicochemical adsorption mechanism: active components form stable coordination bonds with the metal surface, while low-dipole molecules create a dense interfacial barrier with ultra-low fractional free volume (FFV = 2.3%). This structure enhances surface hydrophobicity, restricts water penetration, and supports sustained inhibition through a compact and stable interfacial barrier.
Background: The evolution of high-performance electrocatalytic materials via simple, scalable fabrication methods is crucial for large-scale renewable energy technologies aimed at long-term sustainability. Methods: In this work, a unique hierarchical CuCo2O4@CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) core-shell nanoarchitecture is fabricated on highly conductive 3D Nickel foam (NF) substrate via a facile and cost-effective twostep hydrothermal method. The physical characterization methods affirm the formation of CuCo2O4@CoFe-LDH (CCO/CFL) core-shell nanorod arrays on the NF with distinctive electronic and structural properties. Significant findings: The rationally designed core-shell architecture improves structural durability while simultaneously maximizing the availability of catalytically accessible sites. Moreover, strong interfacial electronic interactions effectively alter the electronic structure, boost charge transport, and accelerate reaction kinetics. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the prepared CCO/CFL-NF electrocatalytic succeeds a remarkably minimal oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 343 mV at a current density of 30 mA cm-2, along with a reduced Tafel slope of 93.6 mV dec-1 and maintains stable OER activity over 50 h of endless operation. This rational CCO/CFL-NF core-shell design highlights a viable approach for constructing a practical, eco-friendly, and transition-metal-derived catalytic system suitable for durable, high-performance OER applications.
Background: The rising demand for sustainable materials, driven by concerns over resource depletion, environmental impact, and microplastics concerns, has intensified global interest in the development and application of circular economy and biodegradable polymers. Methods: This study evaluated the feasibility of using domestic molasses as the sole carbon source for poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production in recombinant inducer-free, antibiotic-free recombinant E. coli W02/ pPHB01-1. The effects of M9 minimal salts (M9salt) concentration, molasses dosage, and pretreatment on biomass accumulation, PHB synthesis, and carbohydrate utilization were assessed. Significant findings: Higher M9salt concentrations enhanced both cell growth and carbohydrate uptake, but PHB yield remained low with untreated molasses, suggesting inefficient carbon flux toward PHB biosynthesis. Acid and activated carbon pretreatment improved fermentation performance, increasing OD600 from 48 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 5 and enabling higher PHB contents. Fed-batch cultivation in a 5-L bioreactor validated shake-flask-optimized conditions, achieving 14.9 g/L biomass, 12.2 g/L PHB, 82 wt% PHB content, and 0.15 g/g yield using pretreated molasses. Multiple molasses-NH4Cl feedings resulted in 19 g/L biomass, 12.7 g/L PHB, 80 wt% PHB content, and an overall yield of 0.21 g/g. These findings demonstrate that domestic molasses supplemented with minimal salts can serve as a cost-effective feedstock for high-cell-density PHB production using an inducer-free, antibiotic-free recombinant system.
Background: Nanoparticle transport and retention in open-cell porous foam media are analyzed for nanofluid flow, focusing on contrasting behaviors of uniform and gradient Voronoi-based foam architectures. Methods: An advanced Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for pore-scale simulation of particulate flow in porous media is developed in OpenFOAM. The model accounts for Brownian motion, van der Waals interactions, electrostatic double-layer effects, and Saffman lift forces, through transient simulations. Significant findings: Key findings reveal that larger nanoparticle diameters correlate with lower deposition ratios and rates, notably a 68% decrease when reducing the pore density of porous foam from 30 to 15 PPI at a deposition length scale (NDL) of 1. Among the foams, the uniform foam with a PPI of 30 exhibited the highest deposition rates, while the PPI3015 gradient foam outperformed PPI1530 by approximately 10% at NDL = 100. The outcomes highlight NDL as a crucial factor; as NDL increases, both the deposition rate and deposition ratio improve, and the time required to reach 90% of the maximum deposition decreases (from 0.5 s at PPI15 to 0.25 s at PPI3015). Moreover, higher magnitudes of surface potentials (NE1) and the nanoparticle diameter values negatively impact deposition rate and ratios, indicating the importance of optimizing foam architecture and parameters for improved performance.
Background This work explores the design of a ternary heterojunction photocatalyst, g-C₃N₄/TiO₂/ZrO₂, synthesized with varying proportions of graphitic carbon nitride (TZ1-TZ4). The motivation was to improve visible-light absorption and photocatalytic efficiency for wastewater treatment, particularly targeting the degradation of organic dyes under sunlight. By integrating TiO₂, ZrO₂, and g-C₃N₄ through interface engineering, the study aimed to create a durable and environmentally friendly photocatalyst. Methods The composite was fabricated using a chemical wet method, producing nanoparticles uniformly anchored on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. Structural, morphological, and optical properties were characterized using XRD, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD confirmed anatase TiO₂, monoclinic ZrO₂, and graphitic g-C₃N₄ phases, with an average particle size of ∼27 nm. Bandgap analysis revealed a decrease from 3.2 eV (TZ1) to 2.9 eV (TZ4). Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading crystal violet dye under sunlight for 180 min, while radical-scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes as the main reactive species. Significant findings The ternary heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance, with TZ4 achieving the highest efficiency of 79% due to increased g-C₃N₄ content and improved visible-light absorption. Radical-scavenging studies confirmed hydroxyl radicals and holes as the dominant contributors to dye degradation. After three cycles, the catalyst retained most of its activity, demonstrating good stability. Overall, the TiO₂-ZrO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction proved to be an efficient, durable, and eco-friendly photocatalyst suitable for wastewater treatment applications.
Background: Numerical approaches are commonly used to solve mechanistic models of chromatographic processes; they are slow and challenging to implement in real time. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which blend neural network structure with physical laws, are gaining popularity for addressing physical problems with balanced accuracy and computational speed. Method: This study applied PINNs to a proof-of-concept simulation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The PINN model structure considers the 1D Equilibrium Dispersive model (EDM) with all parameters. An in-series structure with a non-uniform training data set centered on the breakthrough transition region yielded the best PINN structure, training data, and model complexity. Significant Findings: This study's model can simulate digital twins in real time. Equilibrium Dispersive Model-based Physics Informed Neural Network (EDM-PINN) supports up to six neural networks, depending on the breakthrough curve simulation structure. The EDM parameters were determined using 200 data points. These data points were utilized to train the model and predict breakthrough curve parameters for different residence times, loading concentrations, and column diameters. For the identical raw data and constraints, the model's average training and validation error was 0.12, and the Chromatography Analysis and Design Toolkit (CADET) numerical technique was 0.14. The model training and validation in 0.036s (equivalent to similar to 27.8 runs per second) with a random initial guess, at 56.04 runs per second.
Background: Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) poses a major scientific challenge to environmental engineering, solid waste resource utilization, and green metallurgy. Methods: This study used calcium-free roasted COPR as raw material. After water-washing detoxification, DWCOPR/Co3O4 was prepared through the in-situ growth of Co3O4 by chemical precipitation, and was applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline (TC) the degradation. Significant Findings: Characterization results showed that the in-situ loading of Co3O4 significantly increased the specific surface area and effectively alleviated the agglomeration of the active components of DW-COPR/Co3O4. Under optimal conditions, the DW-COPR/Co3O4/PMS system achieved 97.54 % TC removal within 25 min. Quenching experiments indicated that the reactive species involved in the degradation included & sdot;OH, SO4 circle-, 1O2, and O2 circle-, with 1O2 playing the dominant role. Cycling tests and metal leaching analyses showed that the catalyst retained 72.01 % of its activity after five cycles, and the leached concentrations of toxic heavy metals all met the safe discharge limits. This study provides a green strategy for the high-value utilization of hazardous heavy metal waste and the advanced treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
