Using the semi-analytical approach based on the Maclaurin series expansion, axisymmetric B & eacute;nard-Marangoni convection for a water-alumina nanofluid system in a very shallow vertical, right-circular cylinder is studied for a realistic boundary condition. It is found that for low volume fractions of nanoparticles, B & eacute;nard-Marangoni convection occurs earlier when compared to the case of no nanoparticles. The only thermophysical property that is affected by the shape factor of the nanoparticles is the thermal conductivity and a non-spherical shape is found to lead to enhanced thermal conductivity in comparison with spherical nanoparticles. This in turn means advanced onset due to the presence of non-spherical nanoparticles. Advanced onset is also seen when there is an enhancement in the volume fraction of the nanoparticles but only until such time agglomeration is seen. Adiabatic boundary holds energy within the system without passing to its surrounding and thus the advanced onset of B & eacute;nard-Marangoni convection for this boundary compared to that of the isothermal boundary. The problem has possible applications in a micro-gravity environment or in a terrestrial laboratory environment simulating micro-gravity.
This study deals with the effect of the pressure gradient on the onset of the Darcy-B & eacute;nard convection of water-copper nanoliquid-saturated porous layer and on the amount of heat transport. The present study assumes thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) between the solid and liquid phases. The LTNE assumption results in an advanced onset of convection and an increase in heat transport compared with local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption. The influence of the pressure gradient, interphase heat transfer coefficient and ratio of thermal conductivities on the convection onset and heat transport are presented graphically. The classical results of the LTE case were obtained as a limiting case of the LTNE case for small values of H and large values of H, y and yH.
This paper presents a novel analytical-computational investigation of entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics in magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with internal heat source/sink effects. The study is distinguished by the combined incorporation of Casson non-Newtonian rheology, exponential stretching dynamics, thermal radiation, Joule heating, and volumetric heat generation/absorption within a unified entropy-optimization framework. Using suitable similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear boundary-layer equations are reduced to coupled ordinary differential equations and solved semi-analytically via the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM), ensuring convergence-controlled solutions without relying on small or large perturbation parameters. Entropy generation and Bejan number analyses reveal that magnetic field strength, Brinkman number, and Eckert number significantly enhance thermodynamic irreversibility, whereas increased thermal radiation shifts entropy dominance toward heat-transfer irreversibility. The results further indicate that stronger magnetic fields and reduced permeability suppress velocity while elevating fluid temperature ad entropy generation. Conversely, higher n Prandtl numbers and radiation parameters improvsurface heat transfer rats. To enhance predictive accue eracy and computational efficiency, quadratic regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate models are developed using OHAM-generated data. The ANN predictions for skin friction and Nusselt number show excellent agreement with analytical results, demonstrating strong robustness and generalization capability. The proposed OHAM-ANN hybrid framework constitutes a novel and efficient predictive tool for analyzing entropy generation and thermal performance in Casson nanofluid systems, offering practical design insights for energy-efficient applications in polymer processing, biomedical transport, microfluidic devices, and advanced thermal management technologies.
Ternary hybrid nanoliquids have shown promising applications in numerous fields, especially in the twenty-first century. The existing work analyses ternary hybrid nanofluids free convective boundary layer flow with slip conditions have been found for boundary layer flows in stable, incompressible over a movable thin tilted needle with consequence of the inclined Lorentz force. Transforms PDE's with slip boundary conditions into ODE's and obtained solutions using by IVth-order Runge-Kutta technique with help of shooting method, numerically. The base fluid in the ternary hybrid nanofluid flow is H2O-C2H6O2 (50:50), which is composed of (Ag, Al, Cu(metals)) and (Al2O3,TiO2,SiO2(oxides)) nanoparticles. The findings of this study indicate that the effects of inclined Lorentz force in ternary hybrid nanoliquid slip current over a movable thin tilted needle are significant variables that can be used by the nanoparticles (metals and oxides) to modify the flow characteristics of the MHD boundary layer in the velocity and thermal profile. Combiing different nanoparticles creates unique n properties and functionalities tailored to specific applitions. The inclined needle can enhance heat transfer caefficiency in heat exchangers and electronic coolingsystemsby delivering a ternary hybrid nanofluid. It shows improved thermal conductivity with inclined needle applications in various industries.
This work is intended to scrutinize the hybrid nanofluid flow via a rotating cylinder. The significance of melting phenomenon with velocity slip is investigated. The thermal transportation phenomenon takes place in an atmosphere of combined convection, thermal radiation and heat source. Furthermore, the mass transportation is carried out in thse existence of activation energy. Free convection has an essential function in improving heat transfer in energy systems for example solar collectors and power plants, contributing to lower energy consumption and improved operational efficiency. Moreover, examining key parameters including magnetic field effects, thermal radiation, and nanoparticle geometry provides valuable insights for controlling fluid flow and optimizing heat transfer. Such advancements have practical significance in numerous industries, with power generation, aerospace, molten metal processing, nuclear energy systems, and aeronautical engineering. The PDEs governing the problem are changed into a system of ODEs that describe the physical state of the system. These ODEs are tackled numerically using MATLAB's bvp4c method, and the resulting computational and graphical outputs are validated against results reported in earlier studies. Graphs show how important elements affect the The thermal transportation is increasedwith larger E thermal radiation. Elevated levels of the melting factor and velocity slip parameter exhibit a decline in relation to the Reynolds number.
The goal of this study is to examine the properties of heat and mass transfer (HMT) in a ternary hybrid nanofluid (Thnf) filled in the conical-shaped gap in the disk-cone equipment where cone's apex touches the disk. The novelty and innovative aspects of the model are the implications of the magnetic field on Thnf flow along with the chemical reaction (CR) and the viscous dissipation (VD). The fundamental equations of Thnf have been analyzed together with the cylindrical coordinates. These PDEs of energy, momentum, and mass transfer are transformed into a collection of nonlinear ODEs through an adequate similarity transformation. This strategy produces a system of nonlinear ODEs relating to the temperature, velocity, and the concentration profiles. The differential transformation method is implemented to solve these equations analytically. The results are explained and represented graphically for the various physical parameters. An excellent agreement is discovered between the author's results and previously published studies. Moreover, one of the fascinating discussions is the impact of the angle formed between the disk and cone due to its significance in the engineering sector. As far as the author is concerned, there is no research in the literature that addresses the thermal intensification of Thnf with HMT with magnetic field. The present model is validated by comparing it to earlier IP: 182.75.148.10 On: Thu, 18 Jun 2026 07:07:16 scientific publications. Copyright: American Scientific Publishers Delivered by Ingenta
This study investigates the steady Maxwell nanofluid flow induced by an exponentially stretching sheet under convective heating conditions while incorporating second-order slip effects. The nanoparticle transport is modelled using a passive control approach for the wall nanoparticle volume fraction. The resulting nonlinear boundary value problem is solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. The influence of key governing parameters-such as the local Deborah number, Prandtl number, Biot number, Brownian motion parameter, and thermophoresis parameter-is examined in detail. Benchmark comparisons confirm the accuracy of the present numerical solution. The results indicate that increasing the local Deborah number reduces the fluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, higher slip parameters (A, A2) and activation energy parameter (E1) lead to reductions invelocityandconcentrationwhileenhancing the fluid temperature. Furthermore, the Biot number (Bi) and temperaturdifferenceparameter(A1) are observed to increase both e velocity and temperature within the boundary layer. ereu uy Ing nta
This work presents numerical modelling of natural convection and radiation coupling in a square enclosure with stiff walls packed with a nanofluid. A radiation flux has been applied to the left wall (phi(rad)) while the right wall is maintained at a cold temperature (T-c). The studied configuration is equipped with fins. The fins are deemed perfectly conductive, with varying lengths and positioned on several cavity walls. The finite difference method solves the dimensionless governing equations system. The UPWIND scheme is used to solve the convective terms. The study concentrated on the influence of radiative flux and fins addition on convective behavior. Results proved that rising the intensity of the radiative flux leads to an intensification of the convective heat transfer phenomenon. By growing the radiation flux from 400 to 450 W/m(2), the average Nusselt number increases by 119.19% and 63.47% when the fin is connected to the hot (case 1) and cold side (case 2), respectively, for Ra = 10(6) and phi = 8%. In addition, increasing the Ra number from 10(4) to 10(6) for a maximum radiation flux and cp = 8% causes 1954.12% and 209% enhancement of the heat transfer rate for case 1 and case 2, respectively. Similarly, it is found that adding afin onthe hot side causes a reduction of 78.5% in the heat transfer rate, 4unlike the addition of a fin on the coldwall, which causes an augmentation of 14.67% compared to the case without a fin, for phi=0% and phi(rad)=450 W/m(2).
This paper examined magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of an upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid with bioconvection over a bidirectional stretchable surface. The overall objective was to develop a comprehensive model capable of simultaneously capturing viscoelastic effects, nanoparticle transport, heat absorption, nonlinear thermal radiation, and motile microorganism dynamics under the sway of a magnetic field. The originality of this work lay in combining Maxwell fluid elasticity with bioconvection and nonlinear radiation in a complete three-dimensional stretching configuration, which had rarely been investigated collectively. The governing nonlinear PDEs were transformed into a set of coupled ODEs using suitable similarity functions and were solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. The sway of key dimensionless parameters, including Brownian motion parameter, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, Deborah number, thermophoresis parameter, and bioconvection parameters, on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganism density were analyzed. The findings indicated that magnetic and elastic effects suppressed velocity while enhancing thermal and concentration boundary layers. Motile microorganisms expressively altered heat and mass transfer characteristics. These results were found to be valuable for applications in thermal management, polymer processing, and bioengineering systems.
Superhydrophobic microchannels have an extensive range of applications in the field of engineering,including energy-efficient heat exchangers,lab-on-a-chip systems, medical devices, and electronics cooling systems. Moreover, microchannels increase heat transfer efficiency by minimising drag effects by incorporating MHD effect. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is employed for maximizing Heat Transfer (HT) in radiative MHD flow through vertical superhydrophobic microchannels. This analysis examines two surface conditions: no-slip (Case 2) and superhydrophobic (Case1).Weformedamathematicalrepresentationofthe suggested paradigm. Governing higher order differential equationswereconvertedintoone dimensional differential equations (ODE) with the help of similarity transformation. Resultant ODEs were solved numerically by bvp4c, which is the built-in routine in Matlab. From the study,it revealed that the ideallevel for improved heat transfer is R = 0, H = 3, S =1, and y = 1 based on the integrated GRA-PCA optimization. This integrated approach creates a strong base for getting the most out of thermal performance for radiative MHD flow in vertical superhydrophobic microchannels. It also gives usefulinformation for advanced heat transfer and microfluidics uses. Moreover, ANOVA indicates that R, S, H and y contributed 33.90%, 31.41%, 2.84%, and 31.84% of the total responses, respectively.
This study address the flow behaviour and irreversibility analysis of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid within an upright microchannel. Parameter optimization is conducted using the ANOVA-Taguchi technique to identify the most influential factors. The Buongiorno model theory is utilized to describe nanoparticle transport mechanisms such as Brownian motion as well as thermophoresis. The formulation accounts for various effects, including non-linear thermal radiative heat flux, Hall current, buoyancy force, convective heating, and slip velocity at the channel walls. By introducing non-dimensional variables, the governing nonlinear equations are renovated into a non-dimensionl form and are simplified numerically by applying the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order scheme conjugated with the shooting method. The integration of statistical optimization with numerical computation enhances efficiency and clarifies the interactions among physical parameters. The outcomes indicate that improving the magnetic parameter diminishes the primary velocity and temperature profile and also decreases irreversibility near the channel walls and enhances it in the core region, while simultaneously the secondary velocity increases. Similarly, the radiation parameter improves, resulting in enhanced entropy generation, whereas the Bejan number and temperaturdistribution decrease along the channel. The optimization study predicts a maximum thermal transmission rate of 0.074418. Overall, the proposed framework presents a practical approach for controlling thermo-fluidic performance in microscale systems, especially in magnetically controlled biomedical devices and advanced microchannel cooling applications.
Hybrid nanofluids, known for their enhanced thermal properties, have a wide range of applications in industries such as transportation, electronics, and biomedicine. This study presents an irreversibility analysis based on the modified Fourier law within the Xue model and incorporates it into the energy equation to investigate the stagnation-point flow Al2O3/H2O nanofluid and Al2O3+Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid over a stretchable sheet. This aspect has not been discussed in previous studies. The proposed model considers the effects of radiative heat flux, Lorentz forces, chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and internal heat generation. The governing equations are reduced into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved numerically using shooting method. The results are validated against the bvp4c method and also compared with existing literature. The findings indicate that the magnetic field parameter significantly influences both mass and heat transfer. An increase of 33.33% in the magnetic field parameter reduces the heat transfer rate by 8.20% in the hybrid nanofluid and by 8.01% in the nanofluid. Furthermore, a 25% increase in the internal heat source parameter leads to a considerable reduction in the heat transfer rate, with a decrease of 43.83% in the hybrid nanofluid and 40.79% in the nanofluid. Moreover, an increasein radiative heat flux decreases the entropy of the fluid. These results prvide valuable insights for improving the fficiency of hybrid nanofluids in oehigh-temperature cooling systems, aerospace technologies, and biosensor applications.
This study explores the thermal performance of a water-based hybrid nanofluid, propelled by a stretching sheet and subjected to a transverse magnetic field. The hybrid nanoparticles are designed to enhance realizable heat transfer in thin liquid streams, with attention to realistic thermo-physical behavior. The energy transport is modeled using the Cattaneo-Christov constitutive relationtoaccount for finite-speed heat propagation, along with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects.Constant fluid properties are considered for tractability, and the governing equations are derived from the conservation laws for momentum and energy. Through a similarity transformation, the partial differential equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE), which are solved numerically using a high-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme. Comprehensive validation and sensitivity analyses are performed to establish the influence of key nondimensional groups, including the magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, relaxation time (Cattaneo-Christov), nanoparticle volume fraction, and stretching parameter, on velocity, temperature, and heat flux profiles. Results reveal quantitative enhancements in surface heat transfer rates and notable shifts in temperature distribution with increasing magnetic intensity and nanoparticle loading, moderated by thermal relaxation effects. The radiative parameter had an important effect on the thermal properties for both mono and hybrid nanofluids. There is good agreement between the current results and the previously reported data, according to a comparison analysis. The results of this study have important implications for a number of engineering, industrial, and pharmacological applications, such as wastewater treatment procedures, biofilm formation, and geothermal energy extraction.
A numerical investigation in tow dimensions was carried out to exanimate the thermal and the hydrodynamic characteristics of nanofluid within ribbed microchannel. The nanofluid, composed of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles dispersed in water, was analyzed at different volume fraction 0%, 2% and 4%. The continuity, momentum and the energy equation were resolved based on finite volume method. The main studied parameters were the Reynolds number, nanoparticles concentration and rib size. The findings indicated that increasing both of nanoparticles volume fraction and Reynolds number led to improve Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number. Additionally, the existence of ribs contributed to enhance the thermal performance of microchannel.
The Peristaltic nanofluid flow across two coaxial porous cylinders is modelled mathematically. The blood is chosen as the base fluid, whose viscoelastic characteristics are carried through the Casson model. Furthermore, the zinc oxide nanoparticles are suspended in blood to form a nanofluid. The regular perturbation technique, utilizing small parameters, is employed to analyze the resulting system of equations. This method relies on a small wave number and the Casson parameter. The moderate Reynolds assumption is adopted for finding the solutions for temperature, pressure, electric potential, and both radial and axial velocities. Several physical parameters, including the Casson parameters, inner tube velocity, electromagnetic interaction parameter, Reynolds number, and porosity are examined in graphical format. The outcomes show that radial velocity diminishes for radius ratio and porosity parameter. However, it increases with the Casson parameter and wave number. Furthermore, the axial velocity also rises with wave number and Reynolds number. Temperature falls with both the radius ratio and amplitude ratio, while it rises with the porosity parameter. The electric potential function elevates with Casson fluid parameteranddecreaseswiththeradiationparameter. Casson fluid and porosity parameter elevates the pressure, wile it dcreses with Reynolds number. This study makes potential heacontributions to biomedical and environmentalapplications.Ingenta
The paper explores the flow behaviour of an upper convected Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid situated between a porous stationary and moving plate. The governing equations of momentum, energy and concentration incorporating the effects of porous medium and nanoparticle concentration are derived. The governing equations of the flow are transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (NODEs) with associated boundary conditions by using similarity transformations. The Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM) is implemented for the solutions of coupled NODEs with similarity boundary conditions. The important physical parameters of the fluid flow, viz velocity, temperature, concentration and heat and mass transfer rates are illustrated through graphs. The physical problem involving parameters such as porosity, fluid relaxation time, permeability of the porous medium, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameters and Schmidt number on nanoparticle volume fraction is analysed. Temperature and concentration profiles are graphically demonstrated and the velocity of moving plate is examined for the influence of temperature, velocity and nanoparticles. Comparative analysis shows good agreement between the obtained numerical results with previously reported data.
Nanofluids have exhibited considerable potential in augmenting thermal transport across various industrial sectors and have seen extensive utilization in energy-related technologies recently. Nanofluids have demonstrated remarkable properties in enhancing heat transfer for various applications within manufacturing industries and are being increasingly applied in energy technologies. Amongst the emerging tendencies is the concurrent implementation of nano-biological microorganisms. Inspired by the utilization of bio-nanofluid rotating disk oxygenators within the realm of medical engineering, this novel study presents the formulation of a simulation of swirling Von Kar man flows across an impermeablepower-lawdiscpermeatingaDarcy permeable system IP: 182.75.148.10 On: Thu, 18 Jun 2026 07:09:05 activated with nanofluid contaminatedwith gyrotacticbacteria.Wallslipsduetoparticles in addition to the blow Copyright: American Scientific Publishers implications caused by the concentration includd in the model. Bio transportation equations are presented as Delivered by Ingenta nonlinear partial differential equations, and after applying the appropriate transformations, they are transformed into ordinary differential equations. A bvp4c solution is used to address the resulting boundary value problem. The effects of several parameters on the dimensionless velocity, motile microorganism density, temperature, and concentration are visualised pictorially. The outcomes are in agreement with some of the earlier solutions. The findings on the thermal and mass transport phenomena of Casson nanofluids can offer significant theoretical foundations for advancements in the domain of Casson fluid engineering. The temperature outline strengthens for progressive values of the radiation parameter. Motile density outline diminishes for strengthening values of the Peclet number.
The thermal performance of magnetized micropolar Casson hybrid nanofluids model with different flow constraints has been optimized in the current focus. The decomposition of aluminum alloy (AA7072 and AA7075) suspended in engine oil (SAE10W-30) to create a hybrid nanofluid for enhanced heat transfer processes. The formulated modelis converted into dimensionless form by implementation of the similarity approach, for excellent accuracy in numerical results shooting scheme has been adopted. The extensive use of micropolar fluids due to their micro-rotational property is noticed in different sectors, such as polymer synthesis, heat transformation enhancement and lubricating process, to enhance thermal performance in various systems. Modern research boosted the trend of heat transmission by adding hybridized nanomaterials in traditional fluids and flow properties. The primary focus of this research is to optimized the heat and mass transfer process by using Casson micropolar hybridized nanofluid model. The skin friction profile demonstrates upsurge behaviour by enlarging values of Hartmann numberanddeclinedbyCassonfluidparameter. The Nusselt number profile also slow down with enlarging values of termal relaxationparameter. The results present efficient cooling happlications for advanced engineering and industrialprocessesand heat transfer management systems.
In this study, the flow of mixed convection and heat transmission of a viscoelastic hybrid based nanofluid over a moving disk are analyzed under the impact of velocity slip and convective boundary conditions. The aggregation of nanofluids and biotechnology systems can provide considerable improvements in medical apparatus, medications and agriculture. The thermal radiation influence and heat source impact is investigated. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) are assumed to be hybrid nanoparticles, with CMC/water as the host fluid. The preliminary governing equations are compact to ordinary differential equations system by adopting similarity transformations. For the calculation of an extremely nonlinear equations system, the Shooting procedure is paired among the bvp4c MATLAB software. Furthermore applied the Response surface methodology (RSM) is to design experiment of local Nusselt number against key parameters. The study of variance (ANOVA) is also used to determine the impact of interaction parameter on response of field. The influence of physical components on tangential and radial velocities, as well as temperature, is graphically depicted with their physical characteristics. From the results it is concluded that temperature distribution effect is augmented with thermal radiation as well as heat source parameter. Furthermore from the P and F values it is resulted that model is significant.
In the present survey, the effect of application of two rotary cylinders on the MHD mixed-convection of a water-graphene nanofluid into a wavy cavity is investigated numerically. The two vertical walls of cavity are adiabatic whereas the bottom and top wavy walls are assumed to be the hot and cold ones with temperatures of T h and T c , respectively. The rotary cylinders are considered to be adiabatic. The finite volume numerical manner is put to use to simulate the mixed-convection flow inside the cavity. The impacts of rotational velocity and rotation direction of cylinders at Gr = 10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 8 are examined. The results have shown that by the contribution of two rotary cylinders, the hot wavy wall could be cooled faster and the Nusselt number will increase. Furthermore, the rotation direction of cylinders is determinant regarding the rate of heat transfer.
