Nowadays, breast cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and stands as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally. Chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of breast cancer treatment. However, multidrug resistance and severe adverse effects pose significant challenges to the efficacy of chemotherapy, thereby necessitating urgent exploration of novel anti-breast cancer agents. Sulfonamides and six-membered heterocycles, including pyridines, quinolines, tetrahydroquinolines, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, pyrimidinones, carbazoles, coumarins, quinoxalines, and triazines, have been shown to exhibit anti-breast cancer activity via distinct mechanisms of action. Consequently, sulfonamide-six-membered heterocycle hybrid molecules hold the potential to tackle drug resistance and mitigate adverse effects, leveraging their ability to target dual or multiple biological pathways in breast cancer cells simultaneously. This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of sulfonamide-six-membered heterocycle hybrid compounds against breast cancer, focusing on studies published from 2020 onwards. The goal is to pave the way for the development of novel, effective, and low-toxic anti-breast cancer candidates.
The Maximum Ground Level Concentration (MGC) of an air pollutant at centerline is obtained using the Gaussian plume model. However, the effective height H of the pollutant has been considered as a function of the ground level coordinate x and has a consta
The current work investigates the hydrolysis behavior of synthesized Schiff’s base, N-vinylbenzylidene-p-anisidine, and its copolymers (Cp1, Cp2) with N,N-dimethylacrylamide in acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 8) heterogeneous media at 37 °C using UV-Vis spe
Ribavirin (RIB) is a broad-spectrum antiviral used to treat infections such as hepatitis C and respiratory syncytial virus. Understanding its interaction with human serum albumin (HSA), the primary plasma transport protein, is essential for optimizing pha
A series of cationic surfactants were synthesized from lactic acid and 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-propylamine, followed by acetylation with fatty acid esters and quaternization with benzyl chloride. The structures of the synthesized quaternary ammonium comp
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed when sugary foods are stored at inappropriate temperatures or subjected to high temperature heat treatment during production. The present study reports the electrochemical determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF
Large capacity and continuous operation of many petroleum units produces several amounts of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes including oily sludge, wastewater, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, and others. However, these discharges can have seriou
The molecular structure of (C11H12N2)2[Fe(CN)6]·8H2O is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction study as well as the Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation was carried out. The molecular structure exhibits the two distinctive organic dications (C11H12N2)2+, i
Ce0.8CaxLa0.2-xO2-δ (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2) fluorite oxides were synthesized via the Pechini method for their prospective application as electrolytes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The synthesized materials wer
There is a growing interest in recycling agricultural waste because more and more people want corrosion protection that lasts. This research examines Pisum sativum L. (garden pea) peel extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for API5L X60 steel in
In this study, a series of new 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized from the precursor 1-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-3,5-dimethyladamantane through a one-pot azidation/Click strategy. The reaction involves the in situ form
Novel furan-tethered 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1-5) were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Compounds, in general, showed antibacterial effects on selected bacteria, including K. pneumoniae, E. faecium, S. epidermidis,
Undoped and Sr-doped spinel structured Co3O4 were successfully prepared by sol-gel process for antibacterial application. The formation of Sr-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles with good crystalline nature of the samples was identified by X-ray powder diffraction
The coordination complexes display a remarkable diversity. Classical complexes are metal-centered, with coordination numbers from two to six, sometimes even higher. This category also includes chelate rings with both organic chelating ligands and inorganic (carbon-free) chelating ligands. A second important is the emerging category of inverse coordination complexes. This includes complexes with non-metallic single atom as coordination centers, complexes with homopolyatomic molecules as coordination centers and complexes with linear and cyclic heteroatom molecules as coordination centers.
In contrast to the classical paradigm of treating enzymes as passive structural scaffolds that bring together and properly orient other participants in the catalyzed reactions, increasing evidences suggest that the internal motions and conformational alterations of intrinsically flexible enzymes play a vital role throughout catalysis. Such a biophysical view, based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, indicates that a number of enzymes contain distinct regions of conserved residues that are in relation to the active site and presumably serve as pathways of energy transfer for the thermodynamic coupling of the surrounding solvent with enzyme catalysis. It means that some particular conformational fluctuations within enzyme structure essentially encode dynamics and rate acceleration, that is, enzymatic features that promote function. Certain computational methods are shown to be capable of establishing the underlying hierarchy of motions that drive the conformational and energetic coupling between enzyme and solvent through internal regions of different protein folds. Theoretical studies that deal with the dynamics of enzyme structure are based on molecular mechanics simulations associated with affordable computational costs. This advantage is limited by the fact that enzyme electronic structure is treated as being unaffected throughout the entire simulation. The impossibility of observing the formation or break up of intra- and intermolecular interactions in order to grasp charge transfer means that it is necessary to exploit quantum-chemical methods that allow the change of the electronic structure in the underlying regions of enzyme function. Recent applications of quantum-chemical wave function-based calculations to this problem, being well calibrated relative to experimental observations, are reviewed. Accordingly, some new insights into enzyme-catalyzed reactions are summarized, which include enzymes involved in drug metabolism, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and cell cycle control, as well as viral enzymes. Possible trends in further research are discussed.
Due to the ubiquity of microplastic particles (Mps) in everyday life, they pose a growing risk to both human health and the environment. In this study, we examined the often-overlooked sources of Mps in widely used articles using a variety of case studies while assessing the effects on the environment and human health, as well as providing viable ways to reduce exposure. We systematically reviewed data from international environmental groups, government papers, and scientific publications as part of the research. Our results show how Mps end up in the human body, their main hidden sources, in everyday objects, and their harmful effects, including oxidative stress, cellular toxicity, and possible endocrine disruption. Our study also looks at how Mps affect ecosystems, including how they contaminate soil, water, and air. We also provide suggestions and viable ways to reduce human exposure and provide policymakers with specific actions to take to combat this invisible pollution. Our results highlight the need for stricter laws governing plastic use, encouraging sustainable alternatives, and more consumer education. This research helps raise public awareness, provides practical methods to prevent Mps pollution by uncovering the hidden causes, and offers viable solutions at the same time.
Biological production of ethanol is a process well-known from millennia. This biochemical fermentation uses the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to convert various saccharides (glucose, fructose, sucrose), obtained from various raw-materials, to ethanol on a large production scale. The bioprocess efficiency depends on the yeast exposure through a long period to inhibitors (byproducts), and fluctuations in the quality of the raw materials, etc. Despite tremendous progresses in controlling this bioprocess, the engineering part remains a challenging issue. In this context, engineering tools can help in improving the bioreactor efficiency by implementing suitable optimal operating strategies for a fed-batch bioreactor (FBR) case, as studied here. As proved, in-silico (math model based) better results are obtained by using an adequate Monod-type process kinetic model adopted from literature, and validated vs. extensive experiments. Several FBR optimal operating policies, including a constant, or a variable feeding determined with using large/tight searching intervals for the control variables are compared with the aim of maximizing ethanol production, minimizing raw material consumption, and reducing byproduct formation. Various numerical optimization algorithms have been used, by including the Pareto optimal-front technique.
The synthesis, absorption spectra in solution and thin films, the cyclic voltammetry, and single crystal X-ray diffractometry investigation results of some arylamine derivatives are discussed in the perspective of their utilisation as active materials in organic solar cells (OSCs).
