Objective. To critically synthesize evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions relevant to nursing practice for the prevention and management of bladder spasms and catheter-related bladder discomfort in adults with indwelling urinary catheters. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched for English-language studies published from 2015 to 2025. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and prospective studies involving adult patients with indwelling urinary catheters were included. Results. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were effective in reducing bladder spasms and catheter-related bladder discomfort. Non-pharmacological, nursing-led interventions—such as catheter balloon volume adjustment, neuromodulatory techniques, evidence-based targeted nursing care, structured nursing management models, and Traditional Chinese Medicine–based nursing approaches—demonstrated consistent reductions in symptom severity and improvements in patient comfort. Pharmacological therapies, including vitamin C, solifenacin, and ketamine, were primarily effective for short-term symptom relief. Overall, four studies were assessed as having low risk of bias, five as moderate risk, and one as high risk. Conclusion. Nursing-led, non-pharmacological interventions play a central role in managing bladder spasms in patients with indwelling urinary catheters and should be prioritized in clinical practice. Further high-quality studies with standardized outcome measures are required to strengthen the evidence base.
Objective:Examine the effect of a teaching intervention based on planned behavior theory on female nurses' preventive behaviors toward osteoporosis. Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 100 female nurses working at two hospitals affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran were place in the intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic information and constructs of planned behavior theory. Data were collected in three phases: pretest, posttest one month after the teaching intervention, and posttest two months after the teaching intervention. Four sessions of 45-60 min training program were held within the period of a month for the experimental group at classrooms equipped with a video projector and whiteboard. No intervention was given to the control group. Results:The findings showed that the intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic variables before the intervention. There were significant differences in the means of attitude, abstract norms, behavioral intent, and preventive behavior in the intervention group compared to the control group one and two months after the teaching intervention (p<0.05). However, the mean perceived control of behavior did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups (p=0.15). In the control group, the means of attitude, abstract norms, behavioral intent, and behavior did not differ significantly regarding osteoporosis prevention one and two months after the intervention compared to before the teaching intervention (p>0.05). The intervention had small effects on attitudes (Partial eta squared: η²p = 0.025 to 0.047), moderate effects on perceived behavioral control (η²p = 0.038 to0.054) and behavioral intention (η²p = 0.116 to 0.126), large effects on abstract norms (η²p = 0.282 to 0.295), and very large effects on behavior (η²p = 0.365 to 0.498). Conclusion:According to the results of this study, planned behavior theory may influence the preventive behavior of osteoporosis in female nurses. Therefore, this theory could serve as a framework for designing and conducting teaching interventions to prevent osteoporosis and promote health in women.
Objective:To critically synthesize evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions relevant to nursing practice for the prevention and management of bladder spasms and catheter-related bladder discomfort in adults with indwelling urinary catheters. Methods:A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched for English-language studies published from 2015 to 2025. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and prospective studies involving adult patients with indwelling urinary catheters were included. Results:Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were effective in reducing bladder spasms and catheter-related bladder discomfort. Non-pharmacological, nursing-led interventions-such as catheter balloon volume adjustment, neuromodulatory techniques, evidence-based targeted nursing care, structured nursing management models, and Traditional Chinese Medicine-based nursing approaches-demonstrated consistent reductions in symptom severity and improvements in patient comfort. Pharmacological therapies, including vitamin C, solifenacin, and ketamine, were primarily effective for short-term symptom relief. Overall, four studies were assessed as having low risk of bias, five as moderate risk, and one as high risk. Conclusion:Nursing-led, non-pharmacological interventions play a central role in managing bladder spasms in patients with indwelling urinary catheters and should be prioritized in clinical practice. Further high-quality studies with standardized outcome measures are required to strengthen the evidence base.
Objective. To identify areas of innovation in internationally registered patents focused on diabetic foot ulcers. Methods. This is a quantitative technological prospecting of international patents, from 2020 to 2024, in the World Intellectual Property Organization database, using the descriptor "diabetic foot". Results. 1372 patents were found, with the largest number of registrations originating from China (76.38%), the United States (4.74%), the Patent Cooperation Treaty (3.8%), and India (3.1%). The areas of innovation of the patents were classified into treatment (82.1%), prevention (12.2%), and evaluation (5.7%). Among the patents, 72.8% correspond to medical devices and 27.2% to pharmaceutical compounds. Conclusion. The global trend is towards patents for the treatment of diabetic foot complications.
Objective:Objective. Analyze the usability, interaction patterns, and quality of conversational interaction of the AI-powered "Be Yourself" chatbot to foster self-determined motivation and prevent adolescent pregnancy. Methods:Post-intervention usability pilot study conducted with 74 Mexican school-going adolescents (aged 11-15), using the System Usability Scale (SUS) at two time points: immediately after the intervention and at two-month follow-up. Interaction metrics (number of messages) and confidence coefficients were analyzed within content related to self-determined motivation, pregnancy prevention, and sexual communication. Results:Participants were 49.6% male and 50.4% female, with a mean age of 12.7 (SD=0.98). The chatbot recorded 74 chats and 1,236 messages. The SUS was assessed post-intervention (n=74) and at the two-month follow-up (n=70). Initially, usability was rated as 18.9% "Good" and 81.1% "Acceptable." At follow-up, the proportions across categories changed to 5.7% "Good," 92.9% "Acceptable," and 1.4% "Poor." The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant decrease in perceived usability (p<0.001; r=-0.56) between the two assessment points. The highest confidence coefficients were observed for communication with parents (93.2%) and pregnancy prevention (89.1%), whereas self-determined motivation was lower (79.1%). Conclusion:The chatbot demonstrated acceptable usability and high short-term acceptance as an informational tool for preventing adolescent pregnancy. However, the decrease in usability scores at the two-month follow-up indicates the need for improvements to foster sustained engagement and address behavioral aspects.
Introduction. Social media has transformed health communication on a global scale, becoming an integral part of the lives of billions of people connected to the internet. More than 5.5 billion individuals worldwide already use the internet, and a large proportion of this contingent regularly accesses social media, where they often seek and receive information about health, news, and daily guidance, which broadens access but also intensifies the risks of infodemic, recognized by the World Health Organization as a threat to public health. This context opens space for nursing professionals to act as credible voices and agents of social trust. This article discusses the digital influence of nursing and advocates for its strategic role in combating misinformation and promoting health literacy. Content. Instagram is the main platform used for educational, emotional, and motivational content. The audience expresses bonds of representation, support, and inspiration. However, the lack of regulation and the precarious nature of digital work reveal ethical and institutional vulnerabilities. Conclusion. Digital nursing is a strategic resource for public health. Ignoring its representativeness means leaving society hostage to misinformation. It is urgent to recognize, support, and qualify this presence, integrating it into communication and health promotion policies, transforming reach into care, influence into science, and representativeness into social trust.
Objective. To predict academic resilience based on demographic and psychological factors among undergraduate nursing students in India. Methods. Cross sectional survey was conducted for 759 nursing undergraduates. We chose four nursing institutions from various regions of India to serve as the sample unit. Data was collected virtually via a self-administered questionnaire using the Bharathiar University Resilience Scale (BURS), a coping inventory, and a psychological well-being questionnaire. Log-binomial regression was used to predict academic resilience, and independent student t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare resilience scores and the relationship between independent variables. Results. The primary demographic factors linked to greater academic resilience were, male undergraduates, between the ages of 24 to 30 years, enrolled in private institutions with family income of <10000 INR (1 US dollar = 87.98 INR) and institutes located in north India. Psychological well-being and academic resilience were significantly positively correlated, while cognitive coping strategies and academic resilience were significantly negatively correlated. Regression analysis demonstrates that higher psychological well-being score increases the likelihood of achieving high academic resilience. In a similar vein, they might experience a decrease in academic resilience if they were adopting a cognitive coping style. Conclusion. The study's findings revealed that sociodemographic and psychological variables can be predictors of academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students from India. These findings can help universities to develop target strategies to promote students' resilience and reduce the risk of poor mental health among this population.
Objective. To analyze the concept of nurse navigator in light of the Walker and Avant model. Methods. This is a concept analysis, based on the Walker and Avant model, operationalized through a scope review according to the JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The investigation follows other methodological stages for the construction and understanding of the "nurse navigator" concept. Results. The attributes that prevailed were care management, health literacy, overcoming barriers, assertive communication, bonding, specialized knowledge, continued care, quality of care and patient integration into health systems. Regarding the most frequent antecedents, the following stand out: vulnerable populations, health disparities, communication gaps, delays and fragmentation of care, and low therapeutic adherence. The main consequences were the reduction of costs and mortality, reduction of hospitalizations and time spent in hospital, improvements in access to healthcare, adherence to treatment, quality of life and satisfaction with care. Conclusion. The study defined the nurse navigator as the professional who manages care in a continuous way, capable of integrating it into the health system and strengthening the nurse-patient bond, reducing barriers and disparities, in addition to guaranteeing continuity and adherence to treatment.
Objective. To describe the process of development and validation of the content and semantics of the "Autonomy & Management in Prison Nursing" application for nurses working in prison units in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods. This methodological study employed the Contextualized Instructional Design method, following its four recommended stages: analysis, design and development, implementation, and evaluation. In the first phase, 164 nursing professionals participated by completing a semi-structured questionnaire addressing working conditions and professional autonomy. In the second phase, the application was developed with the support of an information technology professional. The third phase consisted of configuring and making the application available. Finally, in the fourth phase, content validation was carried out by 23 specialized judges and semantic validation by 51 nurses. Results. The content validation of the application was satisfactory, as all indicators - total agreement rate, Content Validity Index (0.962; p<0.01), and overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.969) - reached satisfactory levels. Semantic validation was also satisfactory, as all Cronbach's Alpha coefficients achieved high values, indicating correlation among the items and excellent reliability of the application. Conclusion. The "Autonomy & Management in Prison Nursing" application was developed and demonstrated satisfactory evaluation regarding both content and semantics, showing good adaptation to the proposed criteria and high internal consistency among the items.
Objective. To assess the perceptions and professional career plans of senior student nurses studying in various nursing colleges in India. Methods. A cross-sectional E-survey was conducted pan-India through a Google form, and a total of 456 responses were received after obtaining voluntary consent. Data were collected through a self structured Perception rating scale and a Professional career plan performance assessment. Results. The majority of participants were young, unmarried females from western India, primarily pursuing a B.Sc. Nursing by personal choice. Regarding perceptions of the nursing profession, only 39.9% of participants had a high perception towards the nursing profession. 28.9% of senior student nurses intend to work abroad after completing their program. While 78.9% wish to stay in the profession, 21.1% consider changing careers, primarily due to a lack of respect. Perception scores were significantly associated with age and gender, showing that younger students and females had high perception regarding the nursing profession. Regression analysis confirmed that age had a negative and gender had a positive effect on perception. Conclusion. The study concludes that age and gender significantly influence nursing students' perceptions of the profession. It is recommended to implement targeted educational and motivational programs to enhance nursing students' perception.
Objective. To validate a new Spanish version of the Perception of Nursing Humanized Care Behaviors Scale (PCHE) in hospitalized adults in Chile. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional validation study of the PCHE scale was conducted with the participation of adults admitted to four hospitals in Chile. The research was carried out in three stages: (i) linguistic adaptation and content validation through expert judgment; (ii) assessment of internal consistency and preliminary construct validity of the adapted and revised instrument; and (iii) evaluation of the validity and reliability of a proposed abbreviated version of the scale. A total of 1720 patients were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Following linguistic adaptation and expert review, a pilot test was conducted with 40 patients; after revisions, the 32-item instrument with four response options was applied to a first sample of 344 patients. Subsequently, the response scale was expanded from four to seven options and administered to a second sample of 202 patients. Cognitive interviews and a preliminary Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were also conducted, resulting in a reduction of the instrument from 32 to 15 items. Finally, in a third sample of 1,134 patients, an EFA and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results. The original 32-item instrumentwith four Likert response options showed limitations in item comprehension, relevance, and factorial structure. After adjustments, a 15-item scale was obtained, from which a single dimension-humanized care-emerged, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. Conclusion: The abbreviated PCHE instrument, reduced from 32 to 15 items, is valid and reliable for use in hospitalized adult patients in Chile.
Objective. Examine the effect of a teaching intervention based on planned behavior theory on female nurses' preventive behaviors toward osteoporosis. Methods. In this quasi-experimental study, 100 female nurses working at two hospitals affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran were place in the intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic information and constructs of planned behavior theory. Data were collected in three phases: pretest, posttest one month after the teaching intervention, and posttest two months after the teaching intervention. Four sessions of 45-60 min training program were held within the period of a month for the experimental group at classrooms equipped with a video projector and whiteboard. No intervention was given to the control group. Results. The findings showed that the intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic variables before the intervention. There were significant differences in the means of attitude, abstract norms, behavioral intent, and preventive behavior in the intervention group compared to the control group one and two months after the teaching intervention (p<0.05). However, the mean perceived control of behavior did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups (p=0.15). In the control group, the means of attitude, abstract norms, behavioral intent, and behavior did not differ significantly regarding osteoporosis prevention one and two months after the intervention compared to before the teaching intervention (p>0.05). The intervention had small effects on attitudes (Partial eta squared: n2p = 0.025 to 0.047), moderate effects on perceived behavioral control (n2p = 0.038 to0.054) and behavioral intention (n2p = 0.116 to 0.126), large effects on abstract norms (n2p = 0.282 to 0.295), and very large effects on behavior (n2p = 0.365 to 0.498). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, planned behavior theory may influence the preventive behavior of osteoporosis in female nurses. Therefore, this theory could serve as a framework for designing and conducting teaching interventions to prevent osteoporosis and promote health in women.
Objective. To map nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes, and nursing interventions based on the clinical indicators described in the Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Management Manual, using artificial intelligence (AI) (GPT-4®). Methods. Descriptive study with adapted cross-mapping. GPT-4® was applied with a structured prompt to identify clinical indicators in the manual and correlate them with nursing classifications. Results. AI identified 43 clinical indicators, and after manual review, 30 were confirmed, with 23 overlapping between methods. From these, 30 nursing diagnoses, 30 expected outcomes, and 30 interventions were mapped. Manual mapping consolidated 15 nursing diagnoses, 15 outcomes, and 15 interventions. Conclusion. AI proved effective in expediting and standardizing cross-mapping in nursing. However, human clinical judgment was indispensable to validate and adjust inconsistencies, capturing nuances not identified by AI. The integration of AI with clinical reasoning can strengthen care systematization, support evidence-based protocols, and improve outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Objective. To analyze the conceptual foundations, calculation, and interpretation of key risk and impact measures used in nursing research, emphasizing their relevance for evidence-based clinical practice. Content synthesis. This article reviews measures of risk or association, including relative risk, odds ratio, and hazard ratio, as well as absolute impact measures, such as risk difference, absolute and relative risk reduction, absolute risk increase, and numbers needed to treat and harm. Using examples from recent primary studies conducted in clinically relevant nursing contexts, the manuscript illustrates step-by-step calculations and interpretations, highlighting the complementary roles of relative and absolute measures in clinical decision-making. Conclusion. An integrated understanding of risk and impact measures is essential for critical appraisal of nursing research and to assess the real clinical relevance of interventions. The combined use of these measures supports more informed, safe, and context-sensitive nursing care decisions, reinforcing evidence-based nursing practice.
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention for smoking cessation in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals who stop using nicotine, based on Afaf Meleis’ Transition Theory. Methods. A longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 15 volunteers. The intervention was led by a qualified nurse and structured in two stages: an intensive phase with weekly sessions during the first three months (total of 12 sessions) and a maintenance phase with biweekly sessions from the fourth to the sixth month (total of 6 sessions). Data was collected at three time points: baseline (before the intervention), three months later, and at the end of six months from the start of the intervention. The following instruments were used: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results. A statistically significant reduction in nicotine dependence was observed throughout the study. The percentage of “very high” dependence decreased from 46.7% to 6.7% between the first and third assessment points. A significant decrease in trait anxiety was observed (p = 0.028), while no significant differences were found in depressive symptoms across the three assessment times. At the third assessment, a positive correlation was identified between the level of dependence and situational anxiety levels. Conclusion. The group intervention studied had a positive impact on the smoking cessation process, reflected in reduced nicotine dependence and lower anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of collective support in coping with dependence.
Objective. This study evaluates the impact of digital educational technologies on nursing students' academic achievement and learning outcomes. Methods. A literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2020 and June 2024 in databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, NLM/NIH/PMC and Scopus. This review compares the efficacy of digital educational interventions against control groups using Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias (RoB) and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) for outcome measurement, with results analyzed using RevMan Web. Results. This study analyzed fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1611 participants. The meta-analysis found that digital educational technologies enhanced nursing students' cognitive skills (SMD=0.45; p<0.001), critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills (SMD=0.88; p<0.001), attitudes (SMD=0.94; p<0.001), and clinical skills (SMD=1.09; p<0.001) when compared to conventional instructional methods. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant improvement in the problem-solving ability (SMD=1.00, p=0.07). Conclusion. Recent advances in digital technology provide a spectacular opportunity to improve healthcare practices for nurses and nursing students. Their integration can potentially increase educational and professional skills, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.
Objectives. To evaluate the relationship of digital gaming addiction with aggression and anger behavior among people. Methods. This meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines to find articles in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and EBSCO. The evaluation comprised ten studies with 11,259 individuals. Researchers systematically extracted data on aggression, anger, and gaming addiction. The meta-analysis evaluated heterogeneity and pooled correlations using random-effects models. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42025642494. Results. Addiction to digital games was found to be strongly correlated with aggression (r = 0.531, 95% CI [0.226, 0.836]) and moderately with anger (r = 0.348, 95% CI [0.177, 0.518]). Regional analysis revealed that Saudi Arabia study had the strongest correlation (β = 1.004, p<0.001), whereas Italy, Nepal, Singapore, and Turkey studies had comparatively lower correlations. Anger consequences were also found to be moderated correlations by age, with younger adolescents experiencing more negative consequences (β = -0.0696, p=0.049). Conclusion. The meta-analysis demonstrates significant positive correlations between digital game addiction, aggression, and anger, highlighting the importance of nurse-led interventions in vulnerable groups in order to promote the reduction of the negative consequences of digital addiction.
