Oyster reefs are among the most species-rich but at the same time among the most endangered marine habitats in the world. Once, huge areas of three-dimensional biogenic structures formed by the native European oyster (Ostrea edulis) provided a hard substrate on the seabed of the German North Sea, thus providing valuable ecosystem services and habitat for numerous species. Today, O. edulis and its biocoenoses are classified as functionally extinct in the German Bight. The successful and long-term reintroduction of this important ecological key species is currently being investigated and promoted by two projects of the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. The return of the European oyster to its former habitat, for which the exclusion of any bottom-contacting human interference is a general prerequisite, could lead to a significant increase in biodiversity. The initial results of the two projects provide an important basis for developing and implementing a large-scale German restoration programme to reinstall a healthy population of the native oyster and its valuable ecosystem services.
Als wichtiges Argument fur den Natur- und Artenschutz wird immer wieder der (potenzielle) Nutzen von Wildarten fur den Menschen genannt. Das Konzept der „Wildpflanzen fur Ernahrung und (WEL), das u. a. die Erhaltung der Nutzpflanzenverwandten fur die Zuchtung von Kulturpflanzen zum Ziel hat, fullt genau dieses Argument mit Leben und setzt die Ziele internationaler Vertrage sowie der nationalen Strategien fur die (Agro-)Biodiversitat um. Gut die Halfte unserer. Gefaspflanzen sind WEL, von denen ca. 140 Arten auf Grund ihrer besonderen Bedeutung fur die Landwirtschaft und ihres Gefahrdungs- bzw. Schutzstatus im Naturschutz prioritar zu erhalten sind. Im Rahmen mehrerer Projekte wurden Verfahren zur Planung und Einrichtung genetischer Erhaltungsgebiete fur den ln-situ-Schutz erprobt; diese werden hier am Beispiel der Wildselleriearten beschrieben. In Folge dieser Aktivitaten wurde das von der Bundesanstalt fur Landwirtschaft und Ernahrung koordinierte Netzwerk Genetische Erhaltungsgebiete Deutschland gegrundet. Die WEL-Erhaltung ist ein positives Beispiel fur die lnteressensuberschneidung und mogliche Zusammenarbeit von Landwirtschaft und Naturschutz.
The perception of species and the ability to identify them are fundamental to an understanding of biodiversity. We therefore investigated to what extent the conveyance of knowledge of wild plant and animal species is included in the current educational plans of the 16 German federal states (class levels 1 – 13). The search for keywords such as nature, living beings, vegetation, biodiversity, organisms, plants, animals and taxonomic terms resulted in 872 relevant subchapters and sections, which were distributed across almost all school subjects and all class levels. After restriction to the teaching of species knowledge, 148 subchapters and sections remained; the most in Saxony (27), the fewest in North Rhine-Westphalia (3). Species knowledge is scheduled to be taught most often in biology lessons in the 5th and 6th class level. With one exception (Saarland), wild plants and animals were only mentioned at higher taxonomic levels such as the phylum, class or, in case of plants, family. This allows teachers a great deal of freedom. However, they need to be prepared in their teacher training in order to be able to convey species knowledge adequately. The diversity of native wild species could also be addressed in the educational plans themselves by specifying plants and animals that students should know and be able to identify by the end of a particular class level. Education plans – Species knowledge – Species identification – Wild plants – Wild animals Manuskripteinreichung: 13.7.2020, Annahme: 20.5.2021 DOI: 10.17433/8.2021.50153933.385-392 Aufsatz • Original manuscript Dieses Zusatzmaterial ist nicht im Hauptartikel enthalten und online abrufbar unter https://online.natur-und-landschaft.de/zusatz/8_2021_A_Lindemann-Matthies © 2 02 1 W . K oh lh am m er , S tu ttg ar t
The extent and speed of biodiversity loss in Germany, that has been continuing for decades, is unprecedented and has developed into a veritable biodiversity crisis. The long-term downward trend in species diversity is found not only in the intensively used agricultural landscape, but also in protected areas. Using the example of the 800 ha semi-open pasture landscape “Oranienbaumer Heide”, we studied the development of vascular plant species richness as well as of breeding bird species populations that are characteristic of open and semi-open landscapes. Our study shows that the loss of species diversity as a result of lengthy succession processes can not only be halted, but species diversity can be increased enormously through broad-scale and long-term open land management which is nature conservation-compliant. The significant increase in mean plant species richness – in particular due to the increase in selected target species and indicator species of nutrient-poor conditions – is accompanied by a significant improvement in habitat structures. The marked increase in arthropods as well as the improved habitat structures also led to a verifiable promotion of target bird species. Year-round grazing – Shrub and tree clearance – Sand ecosystems – Habitat type 4030 – Habitat type 6120* – Red-list species – Vascular plants – Bird species – Oranienbaumer Heide Manuskripteinreichung: 22.8.2019, Annahme: 10.11.2020 DOI: 10.17433/2.2021.50153879.74-82 Aufsatz • Original manuscript Dieses Zusatzmaterial ist nicht im Hauptartikel enthalten und online abrufbar unter https://online.natur-und-landschaft.de/zusatz/2_2021_A_Lorenz © 2 02 1 W . K oh lh am m er , S tu ttg ar t
