Clinical experience suggests that the use of the fetal amniotic membrane offers a promising alternative for burn wound coverage. Amnion is reported to hold advantages such as pain relief, accelerated wound healing, fewer dressing changes, and ease of use. It generally performs well on second-degree burns. Furthermore, it is considered a safe, simple, and efficient option for burn wound coverage. Overall, amnion shows excellent potential for improving burn wound care in the future; however, the evidence needs to be strengthened by further clinical trials, as argued in this review.
Involving children and adolescents in their own treatment and care is a right according to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and a central aspect of child- and youth-centered care. Yet, many pediatric patients feel overlooked in communication with healthcare professionals. This review presents an interprofessional pediatric communication model that supports communicative competences and relational skills throughout the patient encounter to promote trust, understanding, and collaboration with children, adolescents, and their parents.
Macrocystic lymphatic malformations are rare congenital anomalies that vary in size and morphology. Complications include airway obstruction, feeding problems, bleeding and infection. Treatment options include surgery, sclerotherapy, medication and conservative management. This case report describes a newborn girl with a large cystic neck malformation. No immediate complications occurred, and she was observed and fed via nasogastric tube. After a multidisciplinary review, a conservative approach was chosen, and the malformation regressed completely within two months.
For years, the relationship between the central nervous system and lymphatic drainage was unclear. The discovery of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels revealed pathways for the clearance of cerebrospinal fluid and waste products. Impaired clearance has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies have explored cervical lymphatic supermicrosurgery to enhance clearance of neurotoxic proteins. Early clinical data suggest technical feasibility; however, this review finds that the evidence remains limited and that further studies are needed.
Deadly webcap is a highly toxic mushroom, that is sometimes mistaken for chanterelles. This case report describes a couple admitted to the hospital with severe acute renal failure and gastroenteritis 10 days after ingestion of deadly webcap. As treatment is symptomatic only, both patients developed end-stage renal disease requiring lifelong dialysis or transplantation. Awareness of mushroom poisoning is essential for timely diagnosis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis to prerenal failure caused by viral gastroenteritis.
Vibrio cholerae, typically associated with cholera, rarely causes invasive disease. This case report describes a 59-year-old man with pancreatectomy, splenectomy and diabetes, admitted with nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 bacteraemia after returning from Sri Lanka, with suspected exposure, including contaminated well water. He presented with fever, upper abdominal pain, and elevated inflammatory, liver, and biliary markers. CT findings and clinical history raised suspicion of cholangitis. Targeted ciprofloxacin led to full recovery. This case highlights the invasive potential of nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1.
The treatment of bilateral recurrent laryngeal paralysis is usually tracheotomy or various forms of irreversible surgery with removal of parts of the larynx. Since recurrent laryngeal paralysis is reversible in 33% of cases, tracheotomy is usually the treatment of choice. Here, in this case, we present an alternative reversible solution in a patient where a tracheostomy tube was a suboptimal solution.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique which generates an electrical current in the cerebral cortex and alters excitability. This review focuses on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and its use in therapy. It describes which stimulation parameters and localisation are used in rehabilitation after brain injury, neuropathic pain, complex pain disorders and depression. While current results are promising, there is still a need to uncover stimulation parameters and localisation for optimal treatment.
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a widely available method for detecting subclinical atherosclerosis. This review finds CAC scoring strongly predicts future cardiovascular events and may refine risk assessment beyond traditional factors. Guidelines recommend CAC scoring mainly for low-intermediate-risk patients, while evidence for treatment decisions based solely on CAC is limited. Broader use of CAC, including standardized reporting of routine chest CT, holds promise and may enable earlier prevention, but requires randomized trials.
Advanced therapy medicinal products are a rapidly expanding drug class based on genes, cells, and tissues, transforming the treatment of diseases, including haematologic cancers and genetic disorders, such as sickle cell disease and haemophilia. This review highlights that successful clinical implementation requires coordinated national strategies, regulatory support, sustainable funding, robust clinical and production infrastructure, and trained specialised personnel to ensure timely, safe, and equitable patient access.
Human and animal data show that youth nicotine exposure causes permanent brain changes and raises mental illness risk, including addiction to nicotine and other drugs. E-cigarettes (EC) and nicotine pouches (NP) are associated with subsequent tobacco smoking, and vice versa, but whether these links are mainly causal or due to common liability remains debated. Use of EC and NP is negatively correlated with tobacco use. Some studies suggest EC and NP add harm; others suggest they reduce harm. This review finds that misinterpreting data can lead to regulations that fail to improve public health.
Severe obesity is a growing health challenge, and some experience disabling functional problems despite major weight loss. In this case report, we present two male patients with giant pannus, resulting in limited mobility, recurrent infections, and social restrictions. Both underwent giant panniculectomy, removing 34.6 kg and 18.9 kg of tissue, respectively. Postoperative results included regaining the ability to walk without mobility aids, resuming physical activity, and increasing social interaction. Giant panniculectomy can provide substantial quality-of-life improvement in selected patients.
This review highlights perineural spread, an important yet diagnostically challenging route of metastatic dissemination that significantly affects prognosis and often remains underrecognized. We discuss common clinical signs and symptoms, key imaging features, and the diagnostic approach, emphasising the diagnostic challenges and the critical roles of MRI and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in PNS. Greater awareness of these diagnostic challenges is essential to improve accuracy and ultimately patient outcomes.
This case report describes a cesarean delivery in a woman with a BMI of 52.5 kg/m² performed through a supraumbilical transverse incision due to a substantial abdominal pannus and favorable preoperative ultrasound findings. The approach provided direct access to the lower uterine segment, good surgical exposure, and an uncomplicated peri- and postoperative course.
The maternal mortality rate in Denmark has decreased over the last few decades and is currently at its lowest with a stable rate of 3.3 per 100,000 live births (2012-2022). Nevertheless, some maternal deaths are still preventable, underlining the importance of recognising risk factors and symptoms that may predispose to known causes of maternal death, including cardiovascular disease, thromboembolism and suicide. Though the maternal mortality rate is low, this review finds that analysis of severe maternal morbidities is essential to identify areas for improvement in obstetric care.
