Caracteres genéricos são ampliados para Irundisaua Martins & Galileo, 2005 (configuração das antenas; processo prosternal com largura menor ou igual à largura de uma procoxa; protíbias achatadas e fortemente alargadas para o ápice) ao qual se adicionam espécies transferidas de Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835: I. forsteri (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov. do Peru e Brasil (Amazonas) e I. ucayalensis (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov. do Equador, Peru e Brasil (Amazonas).Três novos gêneros são descritos: (1) Catuana comb. nov., espécie-tipo, C. thoracica (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov., caracterizado pelo mesosterno com tubérculo; (2) Mundeu comb. nov., espécie-tipo, M. maculicollis (Bates, 1861) comb. nov., com protórax arredondado nos lados e protíbias alargadas; (3) Urangaua comb. nov., caracteriza-se pelos olhos finamente facetados e divididos, comprimento dos antenômeros III e IV subigual ao comprimento dos antenômeros V-XI em conjunto; é proposto para duas espécies: U. analis Melzer, 1935, comb. nov., espécietipo, e U. subanalis (Zajciw, 1964) comb. nov. Adiciona-se chave para as espécies de Urangaua.
Amazonina roppai sp. nov. é descrita do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie pela coloração do pronoto é similar a A. goiana Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1974, porém dela difere pela configuração da placa subgenital alargada na base e estreitando para o ápice, apresentando projeções com espinhos pequenos nos bordos laterais e os estilos cerdosos, semelhantes e localizados na região centro-apical da placa, falômero esquerdo em forma de cogumelo e esclerito mediano simples e muito afilado. Uma nova combinação para A. sooretamensis (Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1963) para Cariblatta Hebard, 1916 é apresentada com base na modificação tergal no oitavo segmento abdominal em forma de um tufo suave de cerdas, esclerito mediano afilado, com a extremidade trifurcada; falômero esquerdo em forma de U invertido com extremidades medianas esclerotinizadas.
A new species of the spider genus Syntrechalea F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1902 is described and illustrated based on material collected in Loreto Mocagua, Colombia. Representatives of this spider genus exhibit an arboreal foraging behavior and are distinguished from the other genera of Trechaleidae by the flattened carapace, long legs and flexible metatarsi and tarsi. New records on the distribution of Syntrechalea tenuis F.O.P.Cambridge, 1902 in Colombia are presented.
A new species of Pickeliana Mello-Leitão, 1932, P. albimaculata sp. nov., is described from Jussari, Bahia, Brazil. It can be easily distinguished from the already described species by the presence of white spots on mesotergal area I and anal opercle. It is similar to P. pickeli Mello-Leitão, 1932 by the presence of a large, ventro-apical pointed tubercle on femora III-IV. A cladistic analysis was performed adding a new character to the available character matrix, the presence of a large and ventro-apical pointed tubercle on male femur IV. According to this analysis, P. albimaculata sp. nov. is sister species of P. pickeli. Additionally, we present an identification key and an update on the geographical distribution of species of this genus in northeastern Brazil.
Foi realizada uma análise comparativa com base na morfologia detalhada do adulto de sete gêneros: Caryedes Hummel, 1827, Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead, 1974, Gibbobruchus Pic, 1913, Meibomeus Bridwell, 1946, Merobruchus Bridwell, 1946, Penthobruchus Kingsolver, 1973 e Pygiopachymerus Pic, 1911), reunidos no agrupamento Merobruchus. Esse grupo está incluído em Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, maior subtribo de Bruchinae, e com limites imprecisos. Este estudo possibilitou descrever novos caracteres, levantar uma nova hipótese de relacionamento entre os gêneros, e apresentar uma diagnose para o grupo e seus gêneros, além de uma chave dicotômica. Também foi possível registrar pela primeira vez para o Brasil Caryedes godmani (Sharp, 1885) e C. longifrons (Sharp, 1885) e Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (Papilionoideae) como uma nova planta hospedeira para C. godmani.
A ecologia reprodutiva de Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) foi estudada em 15 lagoas da planície de inundação do rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Foram analisadas a proporção sexual, a época de maturação, tipo de desova e o comprimento de primeira maturação. Foram amostrados 212 indivíduos (108 fêmeas e 104 machos) no período de junho de 2005 a março de 2006. Não houve diferença significativa na proporção sexual, considerando todo o período amostrado. A maior freqüência de fêmeas maturas foi encontrada em dezembro em todas as lagoas. A largura média dos folículos ovarianos variou entre os períodos, sendo que em dezembro estes foram em média maiores. Sugerindo que a desova ocorreu, provavelmente, entre o final de dezembro e início de janeiro, o que corresponde aos períodos de enchente e cheia na região. A observação de um padrão polimodal da distribuição de freqüência de largura dos folículos ovarianos sugere desova parcelada, mas restrita ao período de dezembro a março. O comprimento médio de maturação foi estimado em 33,9 mm. O comprimento de primeira maturação relaciona-se positivamente com o comprimento assintótico. Em síntese, os dados indicam que a reprodução ocorre de forma sincrônica em todas as lagoas amostradas.
The individual size of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker,1857) was evaluated twice a month, for a year, based on samples from Veludo Beach (30 degrees 12'35"S, 51 degrees 11'68"W) in Guaiba Lake, southern Porto Alegre, Brazil. Physical and chemical data on water quality, such as temperature, transparency, depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll "a", and conductivity were also recorded. Adult samples were collected from underwater "sarandi" branches, Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng) K. Schum (Rubiaceae), an aquatic macrophyte available at each site. Adults placed on artificial substrates were also checked every six months. Data were analyzed by applying multivariate statistics techniques related to the physical and chemical variables of the water and the density of individuals to estimate the patterns of the individual growth over the year. The adults were separated into three groups according to length classes: G1, G2 and G3 (groups I through 3). These three groups are related to the differences in behavior, namely, the ability of locomotion and fixation capacity. Individuals from Group I (5 to 7 mm in length) were the most abundant and were present in all the sampled months. Adults from artificial substrates were shown to display significant differences in seasonal growth and faster growth during spring and summer months.
Here we report for the first time data on parasitism of two species of Euglossa, E. intersecta Latreille, 1838 and E. anodorhynchi Nemesio, 2006, by conopid flies of the genus Physocephala Schiner, 1861. A parasitized adult male of E. intersecta was collected in Acre, northwestern Brazil, while parasitized adult females of E. anodorhynchi were obtained from trap-nests in Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. For both host species, the parasite-host association was confirmed by rearing the flies from parasitized adult bees. E. anodorhynchi was attacked by Physocephala bipunctata (Macquart, 1843) and E. intersecta by an unidentified species of Physocephala Schiner, 1861. Although our current knowledge is still incipient, parasitism by conopid flies can be considered widespread in euglossine bees, judging from the cases reported so far, which involve different host genera and species distributed widely apart.
A new species of Pickeliana Mello-Leitao,1932, P. albimaculata sp. nov, is described from Jussari, Bahia, Brazil. It can be easily distinguished from the already described species by the presence of white spots on mesotergal area I and anal opercle. It is similar to P. pickeli Mello-Leitao,1932 by the presence of a large, ventro-apical pointed tubercle on femora III-IV A cladistic analysis was performed adding a new character to the available character matrix, the presence of a large and ventro-apical pointed tubercle on male femur IV According to this analysis, P. albimaculata sp. nov is sister species of P.pickeli.Additionally,we present an identification key and an update on the geographical distribution of species of this genus in northeastern Brazil.
New species described and illustrated: Adesmus nigrolineatus sp. nov from Mexico (Oaxaca). From Costa Rica: A, moruna sp. nov. (Heredia); Corcovado bezarki sp. nov. (Guanacaste); Alampyris fuscus sp. nov. (Guanacaste), Cariua gen. nov type species C. sulphurea sp. nov. (Guanacaste). From Bolivia: Phoebemima albomaculata sp. nov. (Cochabamba); Ipepo gen. nov type species I. dilatatus sp. nov. (Santa Cruz). From Brazil: Adesmus facetus sp. nov and Canarana arguta sp. nov. (Rondonia). A new record from Costa Rica of Piruanycha pitilla Galileo & Martins, 2005 is added. The three new species of Adesmus are recognized: A. nigrolineatus by the longitudinal black stripes on elytra; A. moruna by the elytra entirely black; A. facetus by the white belts behind the middle of the elytra and white maculae on apical quarter. Phoebemima albomaculata is characterized by the white macula on the elytral suture. Corcovado bezarki sp. nov is distinguished by the black antennal scape and whitish flagelomeres. Canarana arguta sp. nov has prothorax and urosternites I-IV covered by dense yellowish pubescence. Alampyris fusca sp. nov differs from A. cretaria by the antenomere III longer than scape. Cariua sulphurea sp. nov is distinguished by the urosternites covered by compact white pubescence and Ipepo dilatatus is characterized by the elytra with three carinae.
Direct observations on the drinking behavior of species of Alouatta Lacepede,1799 are uncommon among wild animals. Seasonal fluctuations were noticed in the frequency of water intake,which were related to the availability of different alimentary items in the environment. The aim of this study was to quantify the records of water intake by a group of Alouatta clamitans Cabrera,1940, as well as to analyze its seasonal, circadian and sex-age variations. Water intake was related to feeding periods during the day. There was correlation between water intake and ingestion of seeds. The sex-age analysis demonstrated that females drank more water than infants. We suggest that water sources might be important factors for the configuration of the group's daily course. Water intake was directly related to the quantity of secondary compounds from ingested seeds. Metabolic requirements inherent to lactation possibly stimulated adult females to drink larger amounts of water. Though uncommon, water consumption must be considered a factor that plays an important role, since it makes possible the howler monkey's survival under certain environmental conditions.
A new species of the spider genus Syntrechalea F.O.P-Cambridge, 1902 is described and illustrated based on material collected in Loreto Mocagua, Colombia. Representatives of this spider genus exhibit an arboreal foraging behavior and are distinguished from the other genera of Trechaleidae by the flattened carapace, long legs and flexible metatarsi and tarsi. New records on the distribution of Syntrechalea tenuis F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1902 in Colombia are presented.
Generic characters of Irundisaua Martins & Galileo, 2005 are expanded (antennal formula, width of prosternal process inferior or equal to the diameter of procoxa, protibia enlarged and flattened) and two species are transferred from Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835: I. forsteri (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov from Peru and Brazil (Amazonas) and I. ucayalensis (Tippmann,1960) comb. nov from Ecuador, Peru and Brazil (Amazonas).Three new genera are described: (1) Catuana gen. nov., type species, C. spinicornis (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov, characterized by the mesosternal tubercle; (2) Mundeu gen. nov, type species, M. maculicollis (Bates, 1861) comb. nov, with rounded sides of protorax and expanded protibiae; (3) Urangaua gen. nov, with eyes divided and finelly granulated, length of antenomeres III-IV subequal to V-XI; the genus is proposed of two species: U. analis Melzer, 1935 comb. nov, type species, and U. subanalis (Zajciw,1964) comb. nov. A key to the species of Urangaua is added.
Amazonina roppai sp. nov is described. The species is from the city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is similar to A. goiana Rocha and Silva-Albuquerque,1974 in the coloration of the pronotum; it differs from it by the lateral configuration of the subgenital plate, which is widened at the base and narrow in the apex, presenting projections with small spines in the lateral edges; the styles are ciliated, similar and located in the center-apical region of the plate; left phallomere has the shape of a mushroom and the medium sclerite is simple and narrow. A new combination for A. sooretamensis (Rocha and Silva-Albuquerque, 1963) to Cariblatta Hebard, 1916 is also presented based on the tergal modification at the eighth abdominal segment being in the shape of a tuft of bristles in its median region; the medial sclerite has a trifurcated extremity; the left phallomere has the form of an inverted U with sclerotinized median extremities.
Protimesius osvaldoi sp. nov. is described from the Reserva Biologica de Sooretama, state of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, being the First record of Stygnidae from this State and the southernmost record of the family in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (hitherto, the family was recorded down to Bahia only), extending in 210 km south of the previously known distribution. This is a large species, with armature of leg IV very reduced and penial morphology differing from the closest counterparts mainly in the ventral plate, which recedes deeply at the lateral borders and has the distal margin curved ventrally and by the presence of two small intermediate setae. Protimesius Roewer, 1913 consisted hitherto of 17 species, recorded from northern/northeastern Brazil and Amazonia of adjacent Countries. A key is given for the 17 species of Protimesius for which males are known.
Population structure of the lancelet Branchiostoma caribaeum Sandevall, 1853 was studied in four surveys, corresponding to austral seasons, in a tropical bay, southeast of Brazil. Abundance was higher in the spring and was positively correlated to coarse sediments, limiting its occurrence to some sectors of the sampling area. Body length and biomass differed seasonally but not between sexes. Sexually mature individuals occurred in all seasons, suggesting continuous breeding that is typical of tropical species. Variation in the frequency of small specimens indicates temporal differences in the intensity of breeding. The body length of recruits differed from other population of lancelets and the small length which B. caribaeum attained sexual maturity in Guanabara Bay may be related to local environmental stress or the great availability of food.
Here we describe and illustrate in detail four early zoeal stages of Alpheus estuariensis Christoffersen, 1984 from larvae reared in the laboratory. Two ovigerous females were collected in the tidal creek of the Bragança estuary, state of Pará, northeastern Brazil. After hatching, the larvae were placed in small containers (with 10 larvae in each). Females were deposited in the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG 0803) and the larvae of each larval stage in the Zoological Museum of São Paulo University (MUSP18452). Ten larvae and exuviae were dissected with fine needles under an ocular microscope. Morphological comparisons with previous studies on larval development of the Alpheus species are briefly discussed.
Amazonina roppai sp. nov. é descrita do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie pela coloração do pronoto é similar a A. goiana Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1974, porém dela difere pela configuração da placa subgenital alargada na base e estreitando para o ápice, apresentando projeções com espinhos pequenos nos bordos laterais e os estilos cerdosos, semelhantes e localizados na região centro-apical da placa, falômero esquerdo em forma de cogumelo e esclerito mediano simples e muito afilado. Uma nova combinação para A. sooretamensis (Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1963) para Cariblatta Hebard, 1916 é apresentada com base na modificação tergal no oitavo segmento abdominal em forma de um tufo suave de cerdas, esclerito mediano afilado, com a extremidade trifurcada; falômero esquerdo em forma de U invertido com extremidades medianas esclerotinizadas.
Predation on an adult male black capuchin monkey, Cebus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) by two domestic dogs was observed in the Parque Estadual Serra do Brigadeiro, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Minas Gerais. Predation occurred in an area of well preserved native forest 800 m from the nearest forest edge. This is the first confirmed record of predation by domestic dogs in this reserve, yet data from a study in the same area indicates that the domestic dog is the most frequently recorded mammal species, which suggests that it is common in the area. The few published reports indicate that this problem occurs in other conservation units in Brazil and should, therefore, be treated with more rigor by the environmental agencies.
Gephyroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1936 (type species G. philodromoides Mello-Leitão, 1936) is revised. Three species formerly described in this genus are synonymized with species from other genera: G. kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1947, with Acanthoctenus spinipes Keyserling, 1877, G. parvus Caporiacco, 1947, with Phymatoctenus comosus Simon, 1897, and G. vachoni Caporiacco, 1955, with Caloctenus gracilitarsis Simon, 1897. Eight new species are described: G. portovelho sp. nov., from the States of Rondônia and Amazonas, Brazil; G. divisor sp. nov. and G. acre sp. nov., from the State of Acre, Brazil; G. atininga sp. nov., G. esteio sp. nov. and G. mapia sp. nov., from the State of Amazonas, Brazil; G. juruti sp. nov., from the Department of Loreto, Peru and the State of Pará, Brazil; G. panguana sp. nov., from the Department of Huanuco, Peru. The genus can be distinguished by the presence of a cymbial retrolateral groove, retrolateral origin of embolus, embolus long and thin, median apophysis with a subdistal hook, and hyaline projection close to the embolus base in the male palp and by the fused median and lateral fields in a single epigynal plate, copulatory opening located dorsally in an atrium, and elongated copulatory ducts surrounding the spermathecae in the female epigynum. Field observations on the hunting behavior on ants in trumpet trees (Cecropia) are provided for two species, G. philodromoides and G. mapia sp. nov.
