The purpose of this article is to place sport in a social, cultural, and educational context. This implies definitions of culture, education, and sport, and the academic association of each with the others. However, it is seen that culture, education, and sport have commonly-held meanings which, in some cases, eradicate the need for further clarification. So, apart from defining these important concepts, this article will also deal with the pervading nature of sports in society, sport as a system of subcultures, and the degree to which sport has become an important symbol for individuals and societies worldwide. Sports have a variety of functions for different segments of society and therefore different meanings to those different populations. Everyone knows what a culture is. Everyone knows what education is. And everyone knows what sports are. But everyone has slightly different definitions of culture, education, and sports. What we require are commonly understood definitions of terms for this article. The mere reality is that we need to define these terms for this analysis, which highlights the difficulty that definitions and meanings are context-specific and will vary as the contexts of their usage change.
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in nature. Cellulose provides a carbon source for the microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of organic matter in soil. Despite the vast number of cellulase producers, there is a deficiency of microorganisms that can produce a significant amount of cellulase enzyme to efficiently degrade cellulose to fermentable products. Earthworms influence this decomposition by enhancing the structure and dynamics of the microbial population inside their gut, as any efficient bioreactor. The present study explored the gut flora of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to isolate potential cellulolytic bacteria from their gut. The bacterial isolates were aseptically isolated from the gut of this earthworm and screened on CMC agar medium by using CMC as a sole carbon source. Their cellulolytic potential was checked by using the Congo-red overlay method. The latter method was found to be more efficient with a rapid and distinctly visible zone of hydrolysis. Basic identification of the bacterial genera was conventionally done by Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology based on their biochemical properties.
Indonesia is a fertile country with a tropical climate, which makes it a country with great potential to produce commodities in the agricultural sector. Farming is defined as a business in the agricultural sector (food, horticulture, ornamental crops, plantations, fisheries, forestry, and livestock). The population in this study is all farmers who are members of Subak Munggu, where the sample was deliberately determined through a census of 70 farmers. To analyze income uncertainty, production and income value data are needed, then measure the spread of risk using a quantitative approach that can be calculated using the expected yield value as an indicator of the probability of investment and the variety and standard deviation measures as risk indicators. The higher the value of the coefficient of variation, the higher the risk to a farm, and vice versa. So, it can be said that the farmer who has the highest coefficient of variation is the riskiest. The lower limit of the highest yield or the upper limit of income is the lowest nominal value of the income that the farmer may receive. If the value is less than zero, then it is likely that the farmer will suffer losses.
Community welfare is largely determined by household food security. Through the sustainable food yard (P2L) program, it is hoped that it can maintain household food security. The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of utilization of the results of the P2L program. The location of the study was in the KWT Pangansari in Dusun Cengkilung, Penguyangan Village, North Denpasar District, Denpasar City. Respondents were determined by census as many as 25 people who were members of the KWT Pangansari. Data collection was carried out through structured, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively. The results of the study showed that the average age of respondents was 46.68 years, and the average education was 10.2 years, which was equivalent to high school. The pattern of utilization of the results of the P2L program production for consumption was 49.4%, commercialized 41% and socialized 9.6%. The development pattern of the P2L Program in maintaining the sustainability of the P2L Program is characterized by the characteristics of group members and the knowledge of KWT members, which is relatively high regarding the P2L program, and the pattern of utilization of production results,,,
Considering the current situation, relatively little research has been conducted on wild mushrooms to date. Many species of wild mushrooms are found in nature. Discovering new species of these hidden mushrooms, properly identifying them, exploring new compounds hidden in them, and writing new literature would be novel research in the future. In this way, the properties and diversity of wild mushrooms can be further explored. Wild mushrooms can be a valuable new source of pharmacologically active substances, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals, which could be exploited for diverse medical applications in the future, particularly those requiring accurate pharmacogenetic fingerprints. The purpose of the present review study is to compile the information on wild mushrooms discovered by our scientists and researchers from different places and to discuss their medicinal and nutraceutical properties. So accurate data and guidance can be obtained in future research work.
This study aimed to observe the chemical quality, antioxidant capacity, and physical quality of broiler meat given mangosteen rind extract in drinking water. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The four treatments were: P0 (drinking water without mangosteen rind extract as a control), P1 (1% mangosteen rind extract in drinking water), P2 (2% mangosteen rind extract in drinking water), and P3 (3% mangosteen rind extract in drinking water). The variables observed were chemical quality, antioxidant capacity of meat, and physical quality of meat. The results showed that giving 1%, 2%, and 3% mangosteen rind extract through drinking water on the chemical quality of meat showed a significant difference (P <0.05) in protein and fat content, as well as in the antioxidant capacity of meat. The physical quality of meat showed a significant difference (P <0.05) in the value of water binding capacity, cooking loss, and raw loss. This study concludes that the administration of mangosteen peel extract to broiler chicken drinking water increases meat protein levels, reduces fat levels, and increases meat antioxidant capacity.
Background: Adrenal crisis, also known as Addisonian crisis, is a life-threatening emergency caused by acute adrenal insufficiency, which can result from various factors including autoimmune adrenalitis, infections, physical trauma, and sudden discontinuation of glucocorticoid treatment. The condition is associated with significant mortality rates and rapid clinical deterioration if not promptly treated. Early recognition and immediate intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes. This article explores the management of adrenal crisis in emergency medical settings, focusing on paramedic interventions. Aim: This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical management of adrenal crisis, with a particular focus on the role of paramedics and emergency medical services (EMS) in early intervention and patient stabilization. Methods: A review of current literature on adrenal crisis was conducted, with emphasis on the pathophysiology, precipitating factors, clinical features, and emergency management strategies. Key interventions by paramedics, including fluid resuscitation, administration of hydrocortisone, and supportive care, were examined. Results: The study found that prompt administration of parenteral glucocorticoids, particularly hydrocortisone, significantly improves survival rates. Paramedics play a crucial role in early diagnosis, stabilization, and rapid transportation to healthcare facilities.
Permaculture comes down to respecting the valuable work of bees in their habitats; Thus, the objective of the work highlights the importance of permaculture for the preservation of agricultural ecosystems and productivity through the construction of the perm apiculture hive, for which the method included the review of all the work documented in workshops, conferences, interviews, manuals and other manuscripts by Oscar Perone, its creator. As a result the multiple advantages of Permaculture over traditional beekeeping, in which 4 times more is produced, at a minimum investment cost and with minimal work from the permaculture, providing the hive with 3 fundamental elements, space, reserves and peace. It concludes with the urgency of raising awareness about traditional beekeeping practices, to recover the nature of large populations of honey Apis native to agroforestry ecosystems, contributing to the preservation of the species and the productivity of the hive.
This research aims to describe the behavior of KWT members towards the P2L Program in maintaining community household resilience, determine the acceptance of the P2L program by KWT members and determine the characteristics of KWT Jaya Kerti Lestari members located in Rendang Village, Rendang District, Karangasem Regency. The total number of KWT members is 40 people, all of whom are used as respondents determined by census. Research data was collected using structured and in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the research show, (1) the characteristics of the respondents include, an average age of 55.09 years, average education of 6.05 years equivalent to completing elementary school, average household responsibility of 3 people, average ownership of a yard area of 4.80 acres, the dominant main occupation is farmer and on the side as a trader. (2) The behavior of KWT members towards the P2L program is classified as high with a relatively high level of knowledge, an attitude classified as agreeable, and the level of implementation of the P2L program is also relatively high.
Jatiluwih Village does not have a large area but is known to be a major producer of brown rice whose marketing has penetrated the international market. The success of Subak Jatiluwih brown rice production is inseparable from the existence of efficient marketing channels. Marketing channels can determine the level of income received by farmers. This study aims to determine the pattern of brown rice marketing channels and analyze the efficiency of brown rice marketing channels in Subak Jatiluwih Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. The methods used in this study were marketing channel analysis, market structure analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis (marketing margin and farmer's share). The research respondents totaled 98 people consisting of 84 farmers (using the Slovin formula) and 14 traders (using the snowball sampling method). Marketing institutions involved in the marketing of brown rice in Subak Jatiluwih Penebel Sub-district, Tabanan Regency are village-level intermediary traders as many as nine people, and retail traders as many as five people. The results of the study there are three marketing channels. The marketing structure of brown rice in Subak Jatiluwih District Penebel Tabanan Regency at the farm level leads to a medium concentration oligopoly market structure.
Recently, the area where Porang is planted has become more and more widespread in the Bali region because it is increasingly in demand among farmers. Based on 2021 data, the planting area of Porang plants in Bali has reached 974 hectares spread throughout Bali. The income promised from this farming business is certainly very profitable for farmers, but of course as a new commodity, Porang farmers face various risks in cultivating it. This research data analyzed quantitatively to find out the amount of income and how it relates to the knowledge of Porang farmers. The population is 200 farmers who are members of the Bali Porang Farmers Association (P3B), 15% of the sample was taken, namely 30 Porang farmers. Farmer's knowledge is everything that farmers know regarding activities regarding the Porang plant and also business opportunities or employment opportunities for farmers. Knowledge is an aspect of behavior that is mainly related to the ability to remember material that has been studied. Farming income is the difference between the farming income obtained and the total farming expenditure.
Agricultural productivity is closely related to farmer behavior that supports productivity and can be developed by providing the necessary agricultural innovation information. Communication of agricultural innovations in extension can utilize software and hardware based on information and communication technology (ICT). The purpose of this study was to analyze extension workers' responses to ICT developments, the training materials needed, and design training designs to increase extension workers' competence. The research was designed using a survey method. Respondents were determined by random sampling obtained through a structured interview technique using an online instrument with the Google Form format. The data were processed using cross-tabulation techniques and analyzed using descriptive methods. Validation of the training design through a focus group discussion approach. The results showed that: (1) the response of extension workers to the development of information and communication technology was quite good; (2) training materials for increasing the competency of extension workers include digital-based ICT operations, making digital extension materials, digital-based ICT operational principles, and assembling digital-based ICT devices. (3) ICT training design is a series of detailed and sequential activities from preparation to identifying training needs, implementation, evaluation, and finally design reconstruction.
Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) is an approach that can be used to map processes in the supply chain. Process mapping is very useful for understanding the flow of products, money and information. Process mapping can make it easier to evaluate supply chain management weaknesses. This paper aims to map the process flow using the SCOR approach at the Kintamani Bali Arabica coffee processing unit. SCOR contains a structured hierarchy of goods, money and information flow processes which are described in three levels. Level 1 in the supply chain of the Kintamani Bali Arabica coffee processing unit describes the implementation of the planning process, source, make, and delivery. Level 2 shows the process category which consists of two process categories based on stock for processing fresh coffee and based on order-based processes for processing green bean, roasted and ground coffee. Level 3 shows the stages of process elements in each category. This level starts from the entire supply chain planning process stage, to the customer order delivery process stage. The results of this paper describe the structure of the SCOR model at the Kintamani Bali Arabica coffee processing unit connecting all interrelated product, money and information flow processes.
Background: EBP is defined as the use of research evidence, clinical judgement and patient’s values and needs to improve patent’s quality of care and health. However, its is use across the world is relative to the countries healthcare system, culture of the people, and the amount of available resources. Aim: The objectives of this study are to describe the hurdles to EBP implementation internationally and to compare the hurdles in different contexts in order to determine the approaches for the promotion of EBP crosswise for healthcare settings. Methods: The literature review was done to establish the challenges to EBP primarily in cultural perspective, organization and resources. This study also assess the impact of education and policy in promoting or changing the nursing practice in high income countries and LMICs. Results: Of the frameworks analysed, Remmer and Isenberg have listed some of the barriers to EBP adoption: access to literature, training, health system structures, and culture. High-income countries are favorably placed in terms of resources and policies while challenging constraints exist for LMICs. The strategies toward narrowing the research-practice divide are education, local protocols, and international coalition.
This study was to determine the effect of concentrates based on fermented chicken farm waste (CCFW) on carcass characteristics and microbial profiles in crossbreed landrace pigs.The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications (3 x 4). The treatments were, A: using 0% CCFW + 24% CP-152 concentrate, B: 12% CCFW + 12% CP_152 concentrate and C: 24% CCFW + 0% CP-152 concentrate. The study used 12 finisher phase pigs with an average body weight of 63.42 ± 2.39 kg. The research parameters were carcass characteristics (SW, CW, %CC, LCC, REA), and microbial profiles in meat (TPC, Coliform, and E.coli) of landrace pigs.The results of the study were that in treatment groups A and B, almost the same results were obtained for all carcass characteristic parameters (P>0.05). By giving 24% CCFW (C) the carcass characteristic values were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). The use of commercial concentrates of 12%-24% CCFW did not change the microbial profile of pork landrace pig (P>0.05).
This research aims to determine the formulation of solid rabbit fertilizer with the addition of the right type of manure and dolomite fertilizer on the growth and production of chili plants. This research is a factorial experiment with a basic design of Randomized Block Design with 2 factors tested. The first factor is additional manure treatment in solid rabbit manure with 3 levels: K1 = rabbit manure (30 tons ha-1), K2 = rabbit manure + chicken manure (15 tons ha-1 + 15 tons ha-1 ), K3 = rabbit manure + cow manure (15 tons ha-1 + 15 tons ha-1) and the second factor is dolomite fertilizer dose with 4 levels: D0= 0 kg ha-1, D1= 240 kg ha-1, D2= 480 kg ha-1, D3= 720 kg ha-1. The interaction of solid rabbit fertilizer formulation with the addition of manure (K) and dolomite fertilizer (D) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on all observed variables.
This study aims to determine the quality of chicken eggs of the Lohman Brown has given fish oil in rations. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a total of 160 chickens with 4 treatments and 4 replications and each replication consisted of 10 chickens. P0: Ration without fish oil, P1: Ration using 0.2% fish oil, P2: Rations using 0.3% fish oil, P3: Rations using 0.4% fish oil. The feed used is composed of feed ingredients, namely corn, bran, concentrate, mineral, and fish flour. The variables observed included egg weight, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk color, Haugh units, yolk index, fat content, protein content, and cholesterol. The results showed that the use of fish oil of 0.2% in the ratio gave significantly different results (P<0.05) on egg weight, yolk weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk index, while the results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) on white weight, shell weight, yolk color, fat content, protein content, cholesterol in eggs.
This experiment was conducted to find performance and percentage carcass of kampung chicken was given fermented dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel on drinking water. This study was carried out 8 weeks at Mengesta village, Penebel district, Tabanan regency, Bali used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications each consisting of 4 kampung chickens. The treatments were drinking water without fermented dragon fruit peels (P0), drinking water with 2% fermented dragon fruit peels (P1), drinking water with 4% fermented dragon fruit peels (P2), and drinking water with 6% fermented dragon fruit peels (P3). The observed variables were performance and carcass. The results of study had a significant effect (P<0,05) on wing percentage not significantly different (P>0,05) on ration consumption, drinking water consumption, weight gain, weight final body feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, chest percentage, thigh percentage, and back percentage. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that given fermented dragon fruit peel to drinking water at level 2% - 6% cannot increase performance dan percentage carcass of kampung chicken.
This study aims to determine the effect of fermented soursop (Annona muricata) leaf water extract on the performance of male joper chickens. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, each experimental unit consisting of 3 chickens aged 2 weeks. The treatment given was fermented water extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata) through drinking water, namely P0 : 0%, P1: 1%, P2: 2%, P3: 3% and P4: 4%. The variables observed were the performance and microbes of the digestive tract. The results showed that administration of fermented soursop (Annona muricata) leaf aqueous extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on ration consumption, drinking water consumption, weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), total bacteria (TPC). escherichia coli and coliform. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that administration of fermented soursop (Annona muricata) leaf water extract can improve the performance of joper male chickens with the best results at 2% administration via drinking water.
This study aims to analyze marketing efficiency, marketing margins, and farmer share of sales of purebred chicken eggs in West Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted from October to November 2022. The research locations were determined by purposive sampling and were conducted in three regency: Polewali Mandar Regency, Majene Regency, and Mamuju Regency. The research respondents were determined by the multistage sampling method. Respondent farmers were determined using the quota method and purposive sampling by taking three farmers per regency, each selected with the farming experience for at least two years. Consumer respondents were selected using the stratified sampling method by classifying consumers who purchase directly from farmers into three: industrial consumers, merchant consumers, and direct consumers. Further consumer tracking was carried out using the snowball sampling method so that all marketing channel patterns of purebred chicken eggs in West Sulawesi Province could be identified. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive manner. There are marketing channels involving farmers, wholesalers, retailers, and final consumers in the province of West Sulawesi.
