Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in maintaining human physiological metabolism. Among its various forms, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been found to possess higher degree of bioavailability and lower toxicity. This study screened 21 probiotics and identified a Se(IV)-resistant strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20 that effectively converts sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to SeNPs. The SeNPs produced by L. paracasei SCFF20 were purified, freeze-dried, and systematically characterized using SEM-EDX, DLS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR techniques. SEM–EDX analysis revealed that Se was the primary constituent of the biogenic nanoparticles. The synthesized SeNPs were spherical and polydisperse, with an average particle size of approximately 500.62 nm. XRD patterns and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the biologically amorphous nature of the fabricated nanoparticles. Additionally, FTIR spectral analyses demonstrated the presence of proteins, exopolysaccharides, and lipids coating the surface of the SeNPs. Moreover, the reduction rate of SeNPs, as measured by ICP-OES, was determined to be 91.42%. The findings of this study highlight the potential of L. paracasei SCFF20 as a probiotic capable of producing SeNPs, which can be used as a bio-factory for the safe production of biogenic SeNPs for nutritional supplements and functional foods.
2022 and 2023 mark the 70th anniversary of the Chinese Society of Microbiology and Acta Microbiaogica Sinica， respectively. China’s prokaryotic microbial taxonomy research has gone through 70 years from starting from scratch， tracking and imitating to gradually entering the international stage， from following and running to being in the international advanced ranks as a whole， leading international counterparts in some fields， and providing microbial data services for international counterparts. These achievements are the result of the efforts of generations of scholars in the field of prokaryotic microbial taxonomy in China， and the result of the resonance of the same frequency with national development and national rejuvenation. Especially in the past 30 years， China’s prokaryotic microbial taxonomy has made remarkable achievements in terms of theory， method innovation and novel species discovery， and its status and influence in the international community have been increasing， and it has gradually become the leading force in the field of international prokaryotic systematic taxonomy. Based on respecting history and being objective and realistic， this review sorts out the development context and achievements of bacteria and archaea taxonomy and related fields in China in the past 70 years， and looks forward to the latest development direction in this field.
Seed, the specific reproductive organ of spermatophyte, is recognized as a potent reservoir and vector for beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms which play important roles in the growth, development, health, quality, and yield of plants. Plant microbiome, especially rhizosphere microbiome and phyllosphere microbiome, has attracted wide attention and flourished with the development of microbial ecology and related technology. However, seed microbiome is still a virgin field absent from enough concern. Bacteria are well known as the dominant microorganisms in seed endophytes. In this review we summarized the progress in the composition, biological function, transmission, and core microbiome of seed bacteriome.We further expounded the definition and significance of core microbiome in seed endophytes and proposed the questions to be solved, aiming to provide guidance for the future research in the leading-edge area.
快速准确地识别和鉴定微生物对于环境科、食品质量以及医学诊断等领域研究至关重要.拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)已经被证明是一种能够实现微生物快速诊断的新技术,在提供微生物指纹图谱信息的同时,能够快速、非标记、无创、敏感地在固体和液体环境中实现微生物单细胞水平的检测.本文简单介绍了拉曼光谱的基本概念和原理,重点综述了拉曼光谱微生物检测应用中的样品处理方法及光谱数据处理方法.除此之外,本文概括了拉曼光谱在细菌、病毒和真菌中的应用,其中单独概括了拉曼在细菌快速鉴定和抗生素药敏检测中的应用.最后,本文阐述了拉曼光谱在微生物检测中的挑战和展望.
Environmental microorganisms are the primary decomposers in nature， and their genetic and metabolic diversity make them crucial for breaking down organic pollutants. With the continuous release of pharmaceuticals into the environment， their potential effects on human health and environmental risks have become a topic of concern. Thus， understanding the biodegradation process of pharmaceuticals in the environment is essential for assessing their environmental fate and developing removal technology for pharmaceutical pollutants. This paper aims to focus on the microbial degradation pathways and molecular mechanisms of frequently occurred pharmaceuticals in the environment. We also summarize the current progresses in the field of microbial pharmaceutical degradation and discuss the potential research directions.
【目的】探究土霉素残留对蔬菜自然发酵过程中微生物群落演替和代谢产物动力学的影响，为评估抗生素残留对蔬菜发酵的影响提供理论基础。【方法】超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土霉素残留；高效液相色谱法测定有机酸、电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱联用测定挥发性成分、高通量技术测定微生物种类。【结果】蔬菜自然发酵过程中，土霉素残留从4.00 mg/L下降到2.53 mg/L；不含抗生素残留的蔬菜发酵含有同型和异型乳酸发酵，而土霉素残留的蔬菜发酵仅含有同型乳酸发酵；同时，其特征微生物由Lactobacillus pentosus和Lactobacillus plantarum转变为Lactobacillusparatarrginis、Lactobacillusbuchneri和Lactobacilluskisonensis；土霉素残留明显影响了乳酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、香茅醇、3-辛醇、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、乙酸香叶酯、乙烯基硬脂醚和异硫氰酸苯乙酯等代谢产物的含量。【结论】土霉素残留影响了蔬菜乳酸发酵的类型、微生物群落的演替、有机酸和挥发性化合物的形成过程，因此应将抗生素残留纳入发酵蔬菜原料的质量控制指标。
【目的】旨在探究硫酸亚铁(FeSO 4 )对缺铁性贫血（Iron Deficiency Anemia，IDA）小鼠肠道健康的影响。【方法】选取45只24日龄体重（16.0±1.2） g的雄性昆明小鼠，随机分成3组，每组15只，即对照组（正常饲料，饮蒸馏水）、IDA组（低铁饲料造模2 w，饮去离子水）、IDA-Fe 2+ 组(造模结束后灌胃FeSO 4 3 w，饮去离子水)，实验结束时采样。【结果】试验结束时，与IDA组相比，IDA-Fe 2+ 组小鼠的红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度等贫血指标均恢复至正常水平（P＞0.05），表明FeSO 4 具有改善IDA的功能；与对照组相比，IDA和IDA-Fe 2+ 组小鼠的氧化应激指标和肿瘤坏死因子α均显著升高（P＜0.01）、紧密连接蛋白Occludin显著降低（P＜0.001），IDA-Fe 2+ 组与IDA组除结肠总抗氧化能力（TAC）外均无差异显著性（P＞0.05）。结肠组织HE染色结果表明：与对照组相比，IDA组小鼠的结肠组织黏膜层萎缩，黏膜层上皮细胞排列缺损，固有层萎缩。灌胃FeSO 4 3 w后，观察到IDA+Fe 2+ 组小鼠黏膜层上皮细胞排列仍有缺损，黏膜层腺泡部分存在坏死与缺损，固有层萎缩。对粪便微生物群进行的Illumina Miseq高通量测序结果表明：IDA会导致小鼠肠道菌群紊乱，菌群多样性指数显著改变（Shannon、Chao1、Ace和Simpson指数，P＜0.05）；灌胃FeSO 4 后，相较于IDA组，IDA-Fe 2+ 组小鼠菌群多样性指数显著增加、肠道菌群的整体结构显著改善（P＜0.05）；在门水平上，Bacteroidetes显著降低（P＜0.05），Verrucomicrobia显著升高（P＜0.01），均恢复至正常水平；在属水平上，改变了主要优势菌属的丰度，有益菌Akkermansia、Coprobacter丰度显著增加（P＜0.05），致病菌Parabacteroides丰度显著降低（P＜0.01）。【结论】FeSO 4 可以通过改善IDA小鼠的血液指标来缓解IDA症状，但对IDA小鼠的结肠氧化应激指标、炎症指标和结肠组织病变情况没有改善作用。补充FeSO 4 可以增加IDA小鼠肠道菌群多样性和优势菌群丰度，使有益菌丰度增加，致病菌丰度降低。
链霉菌(streptomycetes)因其产生的抗生素广泛应用于医疗与制药领域而闻名,是放线菌门中最为庞大且极富物种多样性的分支.链霉菌经过多年来系统且深入的研究,在系统分类学、多样性以及天然产物资源勘探等领域都取得了巨大进展.本文综述了链霉菌3个主要方向的研究近况,阐述了目前研究面临的机遇与挑战,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望.
养殖动物消化道中含有大量的微生物,不仅参与动物对营养物质的消化和吸收,还对宿主生长发育及免疫起重要调节作用.动物消化道微生物组研究是目前国内外的热点领域,取得了一系列重要研究进展.深入了解养殖动物消化道微生物组的结构与功能,将为今后调控和应用消化道微生物、提高动物生产性能、改善动物胃肠道健康和实现绿色健康养殖奠定理论基础.本文以4种代表性养殖动物(牛、羊、猪和鸡)为主体,对组学视角下其消化道微生物群落结构、功能等研究进展进行总结和分析;并对未来研究方向进行展望.
海洋沉积物是地球上最大的有机碳库,其中生存的微生物总量大、分布范围广、类群多样、代谢方式复杂,并共同构成海洋沉积物微生物组.海洋沉积物微生物组介导的有机碳降解与矿化过程不但能为沉积物中的生命活动提供物质和能量,也能参与调控碳循环过程,并在长时间尺度上对地球气候系统产生重大影响.沉积物中的有机碳在复杂多样的微生物代谢活动下被逐步降解,其最终的矿化过程与不同的电子受体消耗相偶合,并形成对应的地球化学分区.研究海洋沉积物微生物及其介导的有机碳转化过程对我们深入认识沉积物中的元素循环过程,并进一步评估其对整个地球系统的影响具有重要科学意义.本文对海洋沉积物微生物组的体量、包含的微生物多样性、代谢活性以及在不同地球化学分区中主要的微生物类群和代谢机制进行综述,最后基于研究现状展望了海洋沉积物微生物组的未来研究方向.
2023年是《伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册》出版一百周年.《伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册》的诞生,旨在建立起原核微生物分类的明确标准,开启对原核微生物分类学探索的使命.随着生物学、物理学、化学、分子生物学、生物信息学及其相关研究技术的发展及学科交叉,微生物分类学逐渐发展为以系统发育和多相分类为基础、研究微生物物种进化与生物学特性和物种间相关性的学科,因此新发现的微生物物种及其生物学特征信息增加迅猛,该手册在2015年改名为《伯杰氏古菌与细菌系统学手册》,并采用了电子版,使得更新快捷,为原核微生物系统分类学领域注入新的生机和活力.《伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册》是微生物系统分类学的经典之作,为微生物学者提供微生物物种分类信息的同时,也在引领该领域的学者探索更为广阔的微生物世界."伯杰氏国际系统微生物学学会"于2009年成立,旨在促进国际微生物领域的学术交流,推动原核微生物系统分类学的发展.本综述全面回顾了《伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册》和"伯杰氏国际系统微生物学学会"的发展历史及最新进展,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.
Actinomycetes are a special group of bacteria that have strong tolerance and can live in extreme environments. With rich species， diverse functions， and strong adaptability， actinomycetes have been widely used in antibiotic production， biological control， and environmental remediation. Actinomycetes can regulate soil microbial community structure， mediate nutrient transformation and plant assimilation， and catalyze organic pollutant degradation and heavy metal redox process. These roles endow actinomycetes with great application potentials in soil improvement， fertility maintenance， and pollutant removal. This paper introduced the diversity and environmental distribution of actinomycetes and summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of actinomycetes in environmental improvement and pollutant removal. Furthermore， we reviewed their application progress in environmental remediation and summarized the advantages and development direction of actinomycetes-based remediation technology.
在主管部门、尤其是在主办单位中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会的长期大力支持和指导下,经过一届届主编和编委会的不懈努力,《微生物学报》走过了 70个春秋,成就了她的巨大贡献,记载了微生物学领域发展的历程、推动了学科的快速发展、促进了产业的兴起、鞭策了一代代科学家的成长和壮大.值此70年华诞之际,祝《微生物学报》与时俱进,守正创新,未来可期,再创辉煌!
电活性微生物具有独特的在细胞内外环境之间传递电子的能力.在对天然电活性微生物电子传递机制充分研究的基础上,通过合成生物学方法异源构建天然电活性微生物电子传递结构基础也可以将遗传背景清晰的非电活性大肠杆菌改造为电活性微生物.构建获得的工程化电活性大肠杆菌可以直接应用于微生物燃料电池和生物传感器等领域,同时也可以作为底盘细胞整合相应的目标产物合成通路实现电能驱动的生物合成.本文以合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌为主题,详细阐述天然电活性微生物电子传递的机理及结构基础,总结了工程化电活性大肠杆菌的构建策略、成功案例以及应用领域,并对合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌未来的研究方向进行了展望.
Microbial Resources Committee of the Chinese Society for Microbiology was established in 2009， with the aim of promoting the research， protection， sustainable utilization and development of microbial resources， and providing technical support and strategic guidance for their protection and utilization. The committee actively conducts various forms of academic exchanges， talent training， and international cooperation， promotes innovation and development in the field of microbial resources， and advances the development of microbiology in China. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the rapid development of the economy， research and utilization of microbial resources has become one of the important hotspots in the international scientific and technological field. Therefore， the construction and development of the Microbial Resources Committee is of great significance and will further promote the development of microbiology in China， enhance China’s academic status and international competitiveness in the field of microbial resources.
益生菌是一类严格选择的,如果给予足够的量,能够为宿主带来健康益处的活性微生物.常见的具有益生功能的微生物,包括传统益生菌乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria)和酵母菌(Saccharomyces)等,以及下一代益生菌普拉梭菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)、脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis)、嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)和普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella copri)等.益生菌与人体健康之间存在密切的关系,这些微生物可通过肠道刺激胃肠道反应或直接作用于口腔、阴道、皮肤等其他部位以调节宿主健康.因此,它们在食品、种植业、畜牧业以及医疗领域中得到广泛应用,成为改善宿主健康的有力工具.本文对乳酸菌等传统益生菌以及嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌等下一代益生菌的功能的开发与应用进行了综述,总结了这几种益生菌在食品生产、疾病治疗以及农业生产等方面的应用潜力,展望了益生菌资源研究与应用的发展趋势,以期为研究新老益生菌功能的开发与应用提供参考.
海草是分布在全球海岸带的沉水被子植物,与周围环境共同形成的海草床生态系统是三大典型海洋生态系统之一,具有十分重要的生态功能.20世纪以来,全球海草床衰退严重,研究海草床的生态修复迫在眉睫,现有修复方法未能足够重视微生物在海草床中的重要作用.本文综合阐述了微生物在海草床生态系统有机物矿化和营养流动过程中起到的作用,分析了微生物驱动下的海草床水体与沉积物之间的元素循环,提出了人类活动引起海草床退化的原因,总结了海草床微生物的系统研究方法,并在此基础上提出从微生物生态的角度修复海草床的新思路.
微生物病害问题会造成覆土栽培食用菌的产量和质量严重下降.防控微生物病害一直是食用菌研究和产业发展关注的热点,但常规的防控措施均存在局限性,尚难以在生产实践中有效地防控病害.本文列举了近年来常规的生物和非生物方法在覆土栽培食用菌微生物病害防控中的应用,对其特点进行了总结,并综述了近年来覆土栽培食用菌土壤微生物群落多样性研究的进展.基于此,提出了应用合成土壤微生物组来防控食用菌微生物病害的新策略,对构建和应用合成土壤微生物组面临的挑战和前景进行展望.这将有助于有效地防控覆土栽培食用菌的微生物病害和维系土壤健康.
[Objective] To obtain the composition spectrum of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori） GroEL binding proteins and provide new insights into the role of GroEL and its interacting proteins in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. [Methods] Based on the construction of H. pylori GroEL prokaryotic expression recombinant bacteria E. coli BL21（DE3） pET-28a（+）-groEL ， the His-tagged GroEL protein was purified and incubated with H. pylori whole-cell protein extract. The complex was captured using Protein G magnetic beads and anti-His tag antibody immunoprecipitation， and the GroEL and its possible binding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The proteins were classified according to their main functions， and protein interaction network analysis was performed. [Results] A total of 59 proteins were identified as possible binding partners of GroEL， including 19 metabolic enzymes （7 of which are involved in oxidative stress， such as KatA， GltA， and AhpC; 5 peptidases， such as PepA， RocF， and HtrA; 2 enzymes involved in lipid metabolism; 2 enzymes involved in ATP synthesis; and 2 urease enzymes）， 15 outer membrane proteins （including adhesins BabA， SabA， HapA， and other membrane proteins）， 8 transcription and translation-related proteins （such as Tuf and RpoBC）， 5 molecular chaperones （such as DnaK and GroES）， 3 cytotoxin-related proteins （such as CagA）， 3 oxidative stress-related proteins （such as TrxA）， 2 signal transduction proteins （TlpB and TlpD）， and 4 proteins with unknown functions. Protein interaction analysis revealed that the entire network could form multiple clusters， with GroEL as the central node of the network. The extensive association of outer membrane proteins， particularly the important adhesins BabA， SabA， HapA， with GroEL suggests that GroEL may play an important role in the interaction between H. pylori and host gastric mucosal epithelial cells. [Conclusion] The spectrum of H. pylori GroEL binding proteins is extensive， and the related proteins are involved in H. pylori metabolism， transcription and translation， oxidation-reduction， and adhesion， participating in the survival， colonization， and pathogenic processes of H. pylori. GroEL is expected to become a novel important target for studying H. pylori pathogenicity and developing infection intervention strategies.
Citrus is the highest yield and largest fruit in China. Citrus canker disease is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases and results in the decrease in citrus production and quality， thereby further leading to great economic losses to the citrus industry and harmful effects for its sustainable development. The pathogen of citrus canker disease is identified as Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri （Xcc）. Microbial control of citrus canker disease pathogen has the advantages of safe， eco-friendly， and efficient， and thus has received extensive attention. In this paper， we outlined the characteristic of citrus canker disease and the taxonomy and distribution of Xcc， analyzed the main and auxiliary pathogenesis of Xcc on citrus， reviewed the microbial diversity against citrus canker disease and Xcc， and summarized biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms mainly including the action of bioactive metabolites and the inducing and activation of plant immune defense system. Finally， we summed up the challenges and possible solutions to microbial control of citrus canker to provide the theoretical basis for citrus industry development.
