Geomagnetic anomaly maps can be interpreted according to either (i) To the electromagnetic (e.m.) Induction by the solar wind that generates telluric currents aimed to oppose the geomagnetic field originated by the deep geomagnetic dynamo, or (ii) By stray currents that outflow from the deep Earth's circuitry. The results correlate with other morphological, geodynamic, and tectonic features, which represent a tool for the investigation of Earth's interior. A few case studies are illustrated. It is thus shown that formerly unexplained morphological features displayed by geomagnetic anomaly maps can be justified in the framework of the planetary electrical circuit of air-earth currents.
Installing Photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming a viable solution for rural areas, with an innovative approach consisting of interconnecting autonomous PV-powered households. This study analyses the performance of interconnected autonomous PV households under different weather conditions using the Matlab Simulink R2016a software. Over and above this interconnection analysis, in this study, a new mathematical model to predict PV power is also proposed and compared to the simulation's results and other approaches allowing to prosumer to control their interconnection to others. The interconnection demonstrated the improving performance of microgrids and mutual energy compensation, increasing efficiency by 9% in houses with a deficit. To manage the energy flow of these autonomous houses, the households' energy management is independent and the bus Voltage (Vdc) is maintained at around 52V, corresponding to the maximum bus voltage setpoint, thanks to integrated Proportional control (PI). The results of the simulation of the interconnection using the Matlab Simulink R2016a software show that irradiation and temperature have an impact on photovoltaic production and the results of the new mathematical approach are approximately 2% of those of the simulations.
The main advantages of Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals in the aerospace industry are part consolidation; the reduction of lead time, the construction of complicated structures easily with a great Strength-to-Weight (S:W) ratio; production of parts on-demand with reduced inventory, uncertainty and the costs of supply chains. Ti6Al4V and nickel-based alloys are commonly used AM materials for aerospace parts. Ground-based AM for aerospace has achieved great advances. AM has the potential to develop parts for general aviation, aircraft, missiles and less massive satellite systems. This study introduces AM advantages, the technologies of AM, the materials and applications of AM and research progress in the aerospace industry; deals with the state-of-the-art of AM and its trends for aerospace; and highlights its challenges and future research
This study investigates the performance and emission properties of engine-generator powered using various dual biodiesel mixes prepared from two inedible feedstock jatropha and rubber. Jatropha and rubber oils had high acid values, which were 13.96 and 27.91 mg KOH/g, respectively. Therefore, a two-step transesterification process was conducted to lower the acid value to 0.28 and 0.42 mg KOH/g for jatropha and rubber, respectively. The various physicochemical properties of biodiesels were compared with standards and diesel. The engine generator performance and emissions of various mixed biodiesel-diesel blends (BC10, BC20, BC30, and BC40) were investigated at varying loads and constant speeds (3000 rpm) and compared with B0, BA20, and BB20 biodiesel blends. In general, a blend of jatropha and rubber biodiesel reduced density and viscosity when compared to rubber biodiesel and improved ignition quality when compared to jatropha biodiesel. Dual biodiesel blends reduced CO2, CO, and HC emissions in comparison to diesel, while NOX emission was higher. The results of the experiments show that better engine-generator performance and fuel exhaust emissions were seen with the BC20 followed by BC40 and can be utilized as a substitute fuel in diesel engine generators without requiring any modifications
Geometric configurations, such as large openings, re-entrant corners, and discontinuity in diaphragms, are very common in architectural design but are seen as undesirable for structural performance during earthquakes. The lateral systems in a structure resist the strong forces induced during an earthquake, preventing damage or collapse of the structure. If these systems fail, the structural integrity of the building may fail, which may lead to injury or loss of life. Configuration irregularities also tend to develop torsion in structures, contributing to much uncertainty in structural performance. These conditions often combine, working together to bring down the seismic performance of the building. In order to investigate, two steel mid-rise structures will be carefully designed using the U.S. building codes and RAM. Both structures will have the same square footage and lateral resisting systems, with differences only in geometric configurations so that accurate analysis of the effects of the irregularities may be achieved. Utilizing SAP2000, dynamic responses of two structures were performed and the drift values for both structures were determined. This study intends to present these findings so that a more integrative earthquake-resistant design process may be implemented, creating a safer world. With this in mind, it is important to evaluate the impact that the architectural design of a structure has on the performance during a seismic event, highlighting the importance of incorporating a more integrative earthquake-resistant design.
