Urban trees play a vital role in mitigating environmental pollution, yet their responses to heavy metal stress across contrasting urban gradients remain poorly understood. This study investigates the accumulation patterns of phosphorus (P) and six heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr) in leaves and associated soils of nine dominant tree species across control and polluted sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant (p < 0.05) site effects for P, Ni, and Cr, and pronounced species-specific significant (p < 0.001) differences in Zn uptake. Leaf P concentrations generally declined under pollution, while species such as Syzygium cumini and Terminalia catappa showed elevated heavy metal content, indicating varied tolerance mechanisms. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) highlighted differential metal accumulation capacities, with increased Pb and Ni uptake in select species under polluted conditions. Pearson correlation and PCA analyses revealed complex interactions among elements, with strong antagonistic relationships between Pb and Co/Cr, and a positive association between Pb, Ni, and Cu. PCA further distinguished control and polluted sites based on metal profiles, underscoring pollution-driven shifts in elemental composition. These findings suggest that species-specific uptake behaviors are crucial for urban ecosystem management. The study identifies resilient tree species with phytoremediation potential, offering valuable guidance for sustainable urban greening and pollution mitigation in rapidly urbanizing cities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18011518
Diabetes is a pathology frequently encountered throughout the world. This disease is currently a public health problem in Africa. Medicinal plants are a source of molecules that can be used as antidiabetic agents. The present study aimed to study the phytochemistry and evaluation of antioxidant and inhibitory activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro from crude extracts of aqueous decocted and hydroacetonic, ethanolic and methanolic macerated leaves of Maerua crassifolia. Phytochemical screening was carried out using colorimetric standards methods. The phenolics content was determined used spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were evaluated. The screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, sterols and triterpenes. The antioxidant activity results show that the hydroacetonic extract is most active by the ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) method with an IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50) equal to 0.68±1.13 mg/mL and 0.80±0.41 mg/mL with the methanolic extract by the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The evaluation of the enzymatic inhibitory activity of the crude extracts showed inhibition percentages ranging from 61.59% to 90.07% for α-amylase and from 61.42% to 77.66% for α-glucosidase. The presence of certain secondary metabolites (flavonoids, saponosides and tannins) could justify the traditional use of Maerua crassifolia in diabetes management in Niger. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18012031
Numerous studies have reported the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater networks and treatment plants. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has raised concerns about the potential indirect transmission of COVID-19 via fecal-oral route, and the possibility of virus spread in domesticated and wild animals, which could lead the dissemination of the pathogen in future outbreaks through cross-infection. Knowing that inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through aquatic matrices has proven to be of great importance as a control of COVID-19, in this review, the main techniques for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 in aquatic matrices and the main reports on the occurrence and viability of the virus in these environments were described. It was presented the mechanisms of inactivation or removal SARS-CoV-2 through primary sedimentation, secondary biological processes, tertiary chlorination, ozonation, ultraviolet irradiation, membrane filtration, and some of the current emerging technological perspectives, such as retention ponds, disinfection by sunlight, treatment with algae, photocatalysis, thermal treatment and ceramic membranes. The article also highlighted strategies concerning the integration of disinfection methods, decentralization of treatment plants, sewage monitoring, and major challenges faced by researchers and professionals engaged in the disinfection of the new coronavirus in this complex matrix. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16915300
In humans, the most prevalent malignant neoplasms are non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for approximately 95% of all NMSC skin malignancies. In Egypt, sun exposure is responsible for more than 60% of NMSC, while skin color accounts for about 45%. The present study aimed to find sharp and accurate molecular technology to diagnose NMSC beside histopathology. 20 patients of NMSC patients were randomly selected. Tissues skin biopsies were collected from tumor and free areas for histopathological investigation and molecular analysis by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Histopathological results revealed that 55.0% of NMSC patients had SCC, 45.0% had BCC. 35.0% of the patients were in early stage and 65.0% were in late stage, but 15.0% were in low grade and 75.0% were in high grade. 90.0% of the cases weren’t metastasized by the tumor while 10.0% were invaded by the tumor. RAPD analysis by OPA-02 primer found a significant (P=0.007) tumor marker band (2000 bp) for SCC patients and no significant bands for BCC. The study succeeded in introducing RAPD for detection of skin cancer beside histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16651872
Probiotics i.e. the use of living microorganisms for health benefits has been known since ancient times. There is an increasing awareness and concern among the consumers, regulators, medical fraternity, researchers, etc. about these products/supplements formulated to contain single or more beneficiary microorganisms. These microbes may be beneficial independently or synergistically for an individual’s health by protecting against pathogens, reduce metabolic disorders and boost immunity. Nowadays, next generation probiotics are being developed with microbial strains isolated from humans (gut or stool) or genetically engineered microbes for treating specific health condition. Gut microbiome studies have also helped in developing probiotics with novel microorganisms. Synbiotics are products containing prebiotics and probiotics. Food safety agencies provide guidelines to characterize and identify the microbial strains and their role in such products. Traditional, rapid identification and molecular methods as well as clinical trials are included to justify the efficacy and safety of the probiotics and related products. We report here the 16S metagenomics study on a synbiotic supplemental capsule available online containing twenty-five bacterial species. These results reveal the presence of a consortia of bacteria containing many species not mentioned on the product label. It also provides some insights for testing of these products using molecular tools for regulatory purpose. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16543000
Background Long COVID-19 often manifests as persistent cognitive impairments, commonly referred to as brain fog, with poorly understood biological mechanisms. Previous studies highlighted neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Here, we identify distinct biomarkers and dysregulated pathways, with a focus on cardiovascular and neurovascular involvement. Methods We analyzed public RNA-sequencing data (GEO: GSE251849) comparing long COVID-19 patients with brain fog, long COVID-19 patients without cognitive symptoms, convalescent patients, and healthy controls. Differential gene expression, principal component analysis, and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DESeq2, KEGG, GO, and Enrichr tools. Results Our analysis revealed a distinct gene expression profile in patients with brain fog, identifying exclusive biomarkers such as NRCAM, GRIN2C, NOS2, and EDNRB. Pathway analysis revealed significant dysregulation in cardiovascular, calcium signaling, and relaxin signaling pathways, suggesting novel biological mechanisms that contribute to cognitive impairment. These findings expand beyond neuroinflammation and highlight potential cardiovascular involvement in long COVID-related cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion Our study reveals novel transcriptomic signatures that highlight cardiovascular and neurovascular dysregulation, providing promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future research should validate these findings and investigate therapeutic interventions addressing these unique pathways. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a plant of medicinal and economic importance. This study investigated the effects of lavender extract at different doses on metabolism and reproductive physiology in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) under long photoperiod (16L; 16 hours of light, 8 hours of darkness). Male Syrian hamsters aged 6-8 weeks were administered different doses of lavender extract dissolved in saline intraperitoneally every day at the same time (12:00-13:00 h) for 21 days. A significant decrease in food consumption was observed in the group treated with 200 mg/kg of lavender extract (p<0.05). The effects of the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses on body weight were also noted. Blood samples for hormone measurement were collected at two different times of the day (12:00 h and 00:00 h) at the end of the experiment. It was shown that melatonin levels significantly increased at the 100 mg/kg dose of lavender extract in both times (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the light and dark phases at the 200 mg/kg dose (p>0.05). A significant decrease in testosterone levels was observed compared to the control group. Similarly, no significant difference was detected between the light and dark phases at the 200 mg/kg dose (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed in testis histology between the control and treatment groups. In conclusion, lavender extract has positive effects on metabolism, but it may have negative effects on the reproductive system at high doses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15292798
Patients with COVID-19 exhibit alterations in the coagulation process and are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute cor pulmonale. we described the effects of systemic thrombolysis on acute cor pulmonale in a patient suffering from COVID-19 long-term consequences. We examined the correlation between the Rapidly progressing cor pulmonale and its relation to hypercoagulation in 45 post COVID-19 patients at Osh State University, utilizing laboratory characteristics, radiological studies, and other clinical markers. A negative moderate correlation between PTI% and PT sec, suggesting that as PTI% decreases, the PT sec increases, potentially signalling hypercoagulability and the correlation between these variables is statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, a positive moderate correlation between PTI% and fibrinogen, indicating that lower PTI% is associated with higher fibrinogen levels. This correlation was also statistically significant (p<0.05). The study underscores the multifaceted nature of long-term COVID-19 complications, emphasizing the need for comprehensive patient monitoring. The significant correlations involving PTI% could serve as valuable indicators for clinicians to assess the risk of hypercoagulation and inflammation in patients, potentially guiding more tailored and timely interventions. However, the predominance of insignificant correlations calls for cautious interpretation of the results. It suggests that while some relationships between these physiological parameters and long-term COVID-19 complications exist, they may not be straightforward or may be influenced by other factors not captured in this analysis. This highlights the importance of holistic patient assessment and the potential for individual variability in response to long-term COVID-19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15288546
Sclerotium rolfsii is an economically important soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects various crops worldwide, causing diseases such as blight, collar rot, crown rot, damping-off, Sclerotium wilt, and stem rot. It primarily attacks stems but can also infect roots, fruits, petioles, leaves, and flowers under favorable conditions. Initial symptoms include yellowing and wilting of leaves, followed by the appearance of white, fluffy mycelium on infected tissues and soil. The fungus forms round, white sclerotia that mature into dark brown or black structures resembling mustard seeds. These sclerotia enable S. rolfsii to survive unfavorable conditions for up to seven years in soil. The fungus has an extensive host range of over 500 species across 100 plant families. S. rolfsii thrives at or near the soil line. Before penetrating host tissue, it produces a considerable mass of mycelium on the plant surface over 2 to 10 days. The pathogen secretes enzymes that degrade the host's outer cell layer, leading to tissue decay, further mycelium production, and sclerotia formation. Managing S. rolfsii is challenging due to its broad host range and persistent sclerotia. Biological control methods have been explored, focusing on bacterial and fungal antagonists. Pseudomonas and Bacillus species have been studied for their ability to inhibit hyphal growth and reduce sclerotia germination. Additionally, antagonistic fungi, including Gliocladium virens, G. roseum, Glomus fascicatum, Penicillium pinophilum, Gigaspora margarita, and various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, have shown promise in suppressing S. rolfsii. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15288417
Indonesia is a country with a rich diversity of traditional houses that represent various ethnic groups and cultures. However, these traditional houses are increasingly being abandoned due to deterioration and termite infestations. One potential method to preserve these cultural assets is by utilizing liquid smoke. This study aims to provide a valuable reference for protecting traditional houses in Indonesia from termite infestations. Liquid smoke is eco-friendly because it utilizes waste from plant species readily available in Indonesia. This systematic review follows the reporting guidelines for Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM). The study identifies three termite families commonly found in residential areas of Indonesia: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, and Termitidae. Most frequently reported species are Macrotermes gilvus and Coptotermes curvignathus. The liquid smoke can be produced from 13 plant species from eight families distributed across Indonesia, effectively controlling termite populations. These plant families include Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, and Poaceae. Utilizing waste from these plants to produce liquid smoke offers an environmentally friendly alternative for termite control. The application of liquid smoke can play a crucial role in protecting traditional houses in Indonesia from termite infestations, thereby ensuring that these cultural symbols of ethnic identity and heritage are preserved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15288618
The present study investigated histological changes in the kidney of lead treated rats and also evaluated role of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts in protecting the kidney from lead toxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, Group A: Control; Group B: Lead (Pb); Group C: Lead and jamun seed extract (Pb+JSE); Group D: Lead + orange peel extract (Pb+OPE); Group E: Orange peel extract (OPE); Group F: Jamun seed extract (JSE). The lead dose was 50 mg/kg body weight (b wt) whereas orange peel and jamun seed extract dose was 200 mg/kg b wt/day. Kidneys were fixed on 15 and 30 day following the treatment. 15 day Pb (Group B) treated rats exhibited shrunken glomeruli while 30 day Pb treated rats revealed tubular degeneration, and glomerular hypertrophy. In Pb+ JSE (Group C) and Pb+OPE (Group D) treated rats for 15 day and 30 day, the kidney exhibits changes similar to those as noticed in Pb exposed rats but to a lesser extent. Kidney of rats treated for 15 and 30 day with Group E (OPE) and Group F (JSE) have not shown any remarkable histological change. The present study clearly indicates that histological structure of kidney can be altered adversely by lead. Also, the present study revealed that lead toxicity to kidney can be protected by supplementation with extracts of jamun seed and orange peel. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16740461
Background: Extracellular particles (EPs), especially small extracellular vesicles (EVs), extracted from young animals are increasingly being studied in animal models as agents for regeneration and rejuvenation, with studies using EPs from one species injected into another showing no immune reaction. In this study, we aimed to investigate if the injection of Pig Plasma Extracellular Particles (PPEPs) into rats would produce an acute immune or toxic reaction. Methods: Blood from a young pig was collected, PPEPs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and injected into young male Sprague-Dawley rats, while the control group received a sterile saline injection. After 9 days, the animals were euthanized and their organs were histologically analyzed for signs of cellular damage or immune infiltration. Results: The treated rats showed no signs of acute immunological reaction, behaving normally immediately after the injections and during the 9 days since the first injection. Throughout the trial period, the animals continued gaining weight normally and the histological analysis of their liver, kidney and spleen showed no signs of acute toxicity. Conclusions: PPEPs from young animals do not cause an acute immune or toxic response when injected intravenously into young male Sprague-Dawley rats. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
The article describes the case of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with radicular cysts in the region of the upper incisors, treated with root canal therapy. Repeat root canal treatments were performed along with apical resections and enucleation of the lesions. A two-year post-treatment follow-up revealed complete bone regeneration in the periapical area. Thanks to the treatment performed, extraction in the aesthetic region was avoided, and the teeth involved in the extensive prosthetic work were preserved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14579672
The genus Rhizoctonia includes a wide host of various kinds of more than 200 species of plants, and the genus includes different groups that are destructive plant pathogens and nonpathogenic to plants. Lavandula species are aromatic and medicinal plants in the family Lamiaceae. In this study, Rhizoctonia species were isolated from diseased Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula x intermedia plants exhibiting symptoms related to crown and root rot to determine the anastomosis groups (AGs) of these isolates through hyphal anastomosis utilizing the test strains and the sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The obtained data confirmed the species identity of 29 isolates out of 44 as R. solani AG 4 HG-II and the remaining 15 isolates as binucleate Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium sp.) AG-K. Pathogenicity tests showed that AG 4 HG-II isolates were highly virulent on lavender plants, but AG-K isolates were not pathogenic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of R. solani AG 4 HG-II and binucleate Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium sp.) AG-K on L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia in Türkiye and around the world. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14569156
There is a global concern at present with the use of synthetic chemical preservatives in foods due to carcinogenic and mutagenic related problems, resulting to the use of natural preservatives especially culinary herbs and spices in food products. Herein, efficacy of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) fruit and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome was evaluated against rapid deterioration of locally produced soymilk at ambient storage by microorganisms and their bioactive compounds determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Interestingly, soymilk treated with 5% ginger extract among other tested concentrations had the least bacterial (2.00±0.50 ×104 cfu/ ml) and fungal (2.00±0.00 ×104 sfu/ml) counts that did not exceed the acceptable limit for pasteurized milk (3 ×104 cfu/ ml) by day 3 of storage when compared with untreated soymilk that recorded very high bacteria (56.50±6.50 ×104 cfu/ml) and fungi (13.50±1.50 ×104 sfu/ml) counts. The efficacy could be traced to beta-amyrin (24.15%), hexadecanoic acid (15.71%) and phytol (16.55%) that are major bioactive compounds detected in the ginger extract. Thus, the ginger extract offers prospect as promising alternative that can be applied in extending the shelf life of soymilk and other liquid processed foods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14572313
The phytochemicals, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and proximate composition of methanolic leaves extract of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas cultivated in Sheda Science and Technology Complex (Shestco) staff quarters, Abuja were examined through established analytical techniques. The free radical scavenging method with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The analysis for phytochemicals showed that the methanolic leaves extract contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins. The proximate analysis results revealed ash contents (10.30%), fat (3.61%), fiber (11.55%), protein (12.40%), carbohydrates (50.71%), and caloric value (284.93 Kcal/100 g). The mineral content included potassium (4344.27 mg/100 g), sodium (53.31 mg/100 g), calcium (550.09 mg/100 g), magnesium (259.38 mg/100 g), copper (7.08 mg/100 g), zinc (9.14 mg/100 g), iron (44.79 mg/100 g), lead (0.08 mg/100 g), phosphorus (563.4 mg/100 g), chromium (2.65 mg/100 g), and manganese (14.63 mg/100 g). The results also indicated that the methanolic leaves extract contains different vitamins, with vitamin C having the highest amount of 28.52 mg/100 g and vitamin B1 showed lowest of 1.06 mg/100 g. The I. batatas leaves' phytochemical showed 89.21% capacity to neutralize and prevent free radicals and reactive oxygen species through the DPPH test at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. The findings showed that the methanolic extract of I. batatas leaves is reach with vital nutrients and a wide range of secondary metabolites, indicating its potential for medicinal purposes and development as therapeutic agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14569367
The present study investigated the alternation in liver function parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), bilirubin (Bil), albumin (Alb), alkaline phosphatases (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of cadmium exposed Wistar rats. The study also evaluated the possible ameliorative effects of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts on liver biomarkers in rat treated with cadmium. Six groups of Wistar rats were treated as Group A: Control; Group B: cadmium (10 mg/kg b wt.); Group C: cadmium (10 mg/kg b wt.) and jamun seed extract (200mg/kg b wt.); Group D: cadmium (10 mg/kg b wt.) and orange peel extract (200 mg/kg b wt.); Group E: orange peel extract (OPE) (200 mg/kg b wt.) and Group F: jamun seed extract (JSE) (200 mg/kg b wt.). Liver biomarkers were estimated on day 7 and day 14. Serum SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, ALP, and LDH were increased on day 7 and 14 after cadmium treatment. Serum albumin levels decreased on day 7 and day 14. The SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, ALP, LDH and albumin levels showed a tendency for restoration after treatment with JSE and OPE. There were no alterations in these liver parameters after treatment with OPE and JSE. The results clearly indicate that JSE and OPE were effective in recovering liver biomarkers which were altered by cadmium exposure to rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14047672
A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to March 2024 to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of Tsetse fly in Southern Ethiopia. Total of 432 blood samples collected from systematically selected cattle and examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear examination. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis found 6.5% with Trypanosoma congolense (78.6%) and T. vivax (21.4%) being the causative agents. Significantly higher disease occurrence were observed in lowland areas (7.5%, 95% CI: 5.2-10.7) than highland (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.2-9.4). Similarly, poor body conditioned cattle (13.8%, 95% CI: 9.3-20.0) had shown significantly higher infection than medium (3.2%, 95% CI: 1.2-8.3) and good (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.01-5.1) (P < 0.05). The mean PCV value was 25.89 ± 4.57 with significantly higher (P < 0.05) was recorded in infected cattle (20.61 ± 3.50) than non-infected (26.25 ± 4.41). Total of 300 flies caught by using 50NGU traps, giving overall apparent density of 0.86 f/t/d for Glossina pallidipes and 2.14f/t/d for other biting fly. The study highlights the need for comprehensive control measures, such as use of insecticide-treated targets, traps and chemoprophylaxis, to prevent spread of the disease in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13948229
This work introduces the mobile app ContLab with advanced computational code installed on mobile devices (tablet, cellphone, iPad, etc.), with internet access, and compatible with Android operating systems. It is designed to be coupled with a simple microscope for the automated counting of particles, ranging in size from 0.05 µm to 50 µm, within the microfiltration spectrum, and specifically customized for micelle counting produced in fermentable processes. It is an easily accessible and cost-effective device for users interested in micelle counting present in any fermentable broth, such as in the pharmaceutical, food, and brewing industries. The app enhances the speed and precision of results compared to the manual counting method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13541259
This study was designed with the objective of comparing three different plant growth regulators, putrescine (Put), meta-topolin (mT), and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), in affecting cucumber plants under salt stress. The pilot assessment revealed that all treatments had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on vegetative traits, seedling vigor, total chlorophyll content, and root activity compared to control. The treatment T5 showed the greatest numbers in regard to the above–mentioned traits compared with other combinations. The salt stress study reported that T2 increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in leaves by 31%, 4.4%, 22.4%, and 35.2%, respectively, in comparison with the control. On the other hand, S3 markedly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and the activity level was significantly higher than the control and salt treatment. Exogenous S3 had a highly significant effect on glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and (GDH), glutamate dehydrogenase activities in leaves and roots compared with T2. Application of S3 had a highly significant effect on sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) under salinity stress in leaves and roots compared with other salt stress treatments. The results showed that (5 mM Put + 0.002 ppm mT + 0.001 ppm EBR) treatment alleviated the growth inhibition caused by salt stress by regulating the C-N enzyme activities in cucumber plants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13119418
