This study empirically examines the dynamic relationships between housing prices and key macroeconomic variables in Türkiye from January 2003 to December 2025, using a six-variable structural vector autoregressive model. The model includes the policy interest rate, M1 money supply, industrial production index, consumer price index, consumption expenditures, and housing price index. The empirical findings reveal three main results. First, the interest rate channel is operative: a monetary policy tightening shock has a statistically significant, cumulative negative effect on housing prices, with no evidence of a price puzzle. Second, a positive housing price shock significantly and permanently raises both consumption expenditures -supporting the wealth effect channel- and consumer price inflation. Third, counterfactual simulations show that the housing price channel amplifies the impact of monetary policy shocks on consumption and inflation. The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye does not respond systematically to housing price developments in its monetary policy decisions. These findings underscore the need for macroprudential tools to complement monetary policy in addressing housing market imbalances.
The United States pharmaceutical industry has a complex revenue recognition framework commonly referred to as Gross-to-Net (GTN) or Gross-to-Net (G2N). This framework entails substantial deductions from gross sales—recorded at Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) or direct contract prices—to arrive at net revenue that accurately reflects realized income. GTN deductions can range from 10% to 80% of gross sales, which depends on many factors such as product type, market competition, customer class, and whether the drug is branded or generic. Despite of the fact that it has significant financial impact, GTN mechanics are rarely discussed outside specialized US pharmaceutical accounting circles, and this leads to an acute deficiency of knowledgeable professionals with the requisite expertise. This paper offers a structured and through exposition of the major GTN deduction categories: time-based discounts (cash/prompt-pay), distribution-channel deductions (chargebacks, admin fees, rebates, bill-backs, and shelf stock adjustments), Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) rebates, supply chain deductions (launch rebates, stocking allowances, failure-to-supply penalties, and sales returns), and government rebates (Medicaid and PHS 340B). The accounting treatment of each deduction under ASC 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers) is discussed, along with the associated estimation challenges / issues and financial reporting implications. The necessity for greater awareness of GTN concepts among accounting professionals is emphasized in the paper’s conclusion, mainly in the countries like India that supply a substantial portion of the US generic drug market.
Organizational legitimacy is vital for an organization's survival and development; however, existing research has predominantly focused on macro-level analyses, leaving the micro-level transmission mechanisms of organizational legitimacy crises underexplored. To address this gap, this study adopts the perspective of career calling to construct an integrated analytical framework. Using the "Xibei prepared foods" incident in China as a typical case, this research employs a single-case study method to investigate the micro-level triggering and restoration mechanisms of organizational legitimacy crises. The findings reveal that the collapse of organizational legitimacy's three core dimensions—pragmatic, moral, and cognitive—impacts the corresponding dimensions of employees' career calling (personal meaning, other-oriented meaning, and action orientation), thereby forming a mutually reinforcing transmission mechanism. Based on this interaction, the study proposes dual-loop legitimacy restoration mechanisms driven by career calling, which involve internal value-behavior alignment and external communication-transparency strategies. This research contributes by enriching the micro-foundations of organizational legitimacy theory and offers practical guidance for enterprises, particularly in the catering sector, to manage and recover from legitimacy crises.
Under the constraints of China’s ‘dual carbon’ goals, coordinating between urbanisation and environment has become a key challenge for regions undergoing rapid structural transformation. Focusing on eight prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, this paper examines coupling coordination over the period 2018-2023. By constructing comprehensive indicator systems, the coupling coordination degree is measured, and its spatiotemporal evolution is evaluated. A fixed-effects panel regression framework is employed to investigate the role of economic development and the moderating effect of population density. The results indicate that, during the analysis period, the coupling coordination degree increased steadily, suggesting a gradual transition from a relatively low level of coordination toward a more balanced and synergistic development stage, although inter-city disparities persist. The regression analysis shows that economic development is positively associated with the coupling coordination degree, highlighting the role of development quality in supporting urban-environmental interaction. Moreover, population density plays a positive moderating role. However, given the composite nature of the coupling coordination degree and potential endogeneity concerns, these findings should be interpreted as associational rather than causal.Keywords: ‘Dual carbon’ goals, Coupling coordination degree, Economic development, Population density
This study examines the influence of organizational culture on human resource management (HRM) in small and medium-sized new energy enterprises in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China, with employee satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research methodology was employed using survey data collected from 220 valid respondents. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. The findings indicate that organizational culture has a significant positive effect on HRM. In addition, employee satisfaction was found to partially mediate the relationship between organizational culture and HRM. These results suggest that a supportive organizational culture may contribute to improved HRM effectiveness through enhanced employee satisfaction. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from the context of SMEs in China’s new energy sector and offers practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen HRM practices through organizational culture development.
This paper reviews recent literature on the management of government communication in the United Arab Emirates. It examines the best practices and international benchmarks for government communication which comprises digital platforms, two-way communication and citizen engagement. It analyses key dimensions such as centralized coordination, multi-platform communication, citizen engagement through crowdsourcing, crisis risk communication, nation branding, and transparency. Further, the study compares the UAE practices with global standards and finds that there is a strong alignment between the two. The paper also outlines future directions for government communication in the UAE which focuses on increased usage of emerging technologies for analytics which can help the country enhance engagement and build professional capacity to sustain public trust and policy effectiveness.
Although the broader construction sector is experiencing rapid digital growth, specific domains, such as construction’s organizational operations, still rely on manual workflows, leading to operational inefficiencies, communication gaps, and delayed project timelines. To address these challenges, this study develops an applied strategic framework for integrating Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and DeepSeek AI, to revolutionize core organizational operations. Using McKinsey’s 7S framework for organizational diagnosis, the research identified critical performance gaps in document management, interdepartmental communication and on-site decision-making. To bridge these gaps, the proposed framework established five key LLM-driven initiatives. Key findings indicate that the strategic implementation of these AI tools can reduce document preparation time by up to 50% and lower operational rework costs by at least 25%. Furthermore, the study formulated targeted Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and a comprehensive risk mitigation strategy. The risk assessment highlights that strict data encryption protocols and mandatory human-in-the-loop validation are essential to counteract potential AI inaccuracies and successfully overcome employee resistance to change. Ultimately, this evidence-based framework equips infrastructure providers with the strategies needed to successfully transition from traditional, manual workflows to smart, AI-driven, highly productive operations.
In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the rapid expansion of digital transformation, new productive forces are increasingly emerging, characterized by the development of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things. These transformations not only reshape production methods but also create urgent demands for the development of high-quality human resources. This paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of new productive forces, clarifies global development trends, and examines the current situation in Vietnam within the digital transformation process. Based on this analysis, the study evaluates the status of human resources, identifying key limitations and challenges in education and training, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Finally, the paper proposes several orientations and policy solutions to improve the quality of human resource training, thereby meeting the requirements of new productive forces and contributing to economic growth and sustainable development in Vietnam in the digital era.
Over the years, the blue economy has benefitted the local communities by fostering economic development, generating employment and promoting sustainability in coastal regions. However, research found that in reality, the local communities are still experiencing unequal livelihood influenced by market accessibility, governance and institutional factors. Thus, this study synthesized streams of literature on economic and livelihood opportunities for local communities living in the coastal regions by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A total of 53 peer-reviewed articles were obtained from Scopus-indexed journals which were then analysed using thematic analysis and the Theory-Context-Characteristics-Method (TCCM) framework according to PRISMA guideline. Seven categories of opportunities were identified: aquaculture and mariculture, post-harvest processing and value addition, market access and infrastructure, tourism and cultural economies, conservation-linked finance, collective enterprise models, and livelihood diversification. The result indicates that these seven opportunities do not just function merely as an independent entrepreneurial venture, but rather as combinations of livelihood strategies determined by market inclusion, governance and institutional support. Additionally, the analysis of the TCCM framework found strong empirical focus in the Global South with theoretical fragmentation and reliance on qualitative case studies. Building on these findings, the review frames the blue economy from a new perspective as a conditional economic framework and places greater emphasis on inclusive coastal livelihood research.
Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from September 1, 2025, to December 1, 2025. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Carla MorroneCosimo MagazzinoHengky Sumisto HalimJosé MartinsMamta SinghNaftaly MoseNemer BadwanNicoleta DospinescuNurul Farhana NasirRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoSantosh B. ManjegowdaYutian YangZi-Yi Guo
The accounting information system is an important channel of the management information system, performing the functions of receiving and processing financial operations, analyzing and providing financial information to users for business decision making. This study employs qualitative research methods to identify factors affecting the organization of accounting information systems in the context of information technology application in Vietnamese economic groups. Data were collected from more than 120 survey questionnaires, of which 99 valid responses were used for analysis. Based on the research findings, this study proposes several recommendations to improve the organization of accounting information systems in Vietnamese economic groups.
In light of the rapid changes made in the global economic environment in recent years, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has become a significant focus of organizational behaviour research. This study aimed to explore the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on OCB among private enterprise employees in Guangzhou, China, and to assess the mediating role of affective commitment (AC). Using quantitative approach, data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, developed based on established measures and relevant literature, from a sample of 398 employees. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, incorporating descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression-based mediation testing. The results indicate that POS has a significant positive influence on OCB, and AC also positively impacts OCB. Furthermore, AC partially mediates the relationship between POS and OCB. These findings underscore the critical role of POS and AC in fostering OCB and provide empirical insights into the mechanisms underlying this relationship in the context of high-tech private enterprises in Guangzhou, China. The study offers a robust contribution to the literature on organizational behavior, particularly in the rapidly evolving private enterprise sector.
The gig economy, also referred to as the contract economy or freelance economy, represents an economic model in which individuals typically engage in part-time, temporary, or contract-based work rather than full-time employment with a single company. While the concept is not new globally, it remains relatively novel in Vietnam. With its inherent flexibility and advantages, the gig economy in Vietnam has been exerting multifaceted impacts on the labor market. This paper examines both the positive and negative effects of the gig economy on Vietnam’s labor market and proposes policy recommendations to enhance labor regulations and worker protection mechanisms. The study employs qualitative methods, using secondary data from official statistics and reputable surveys, supplemented by a questionnaire survey of 490 workers in major cities. Findings reveal that while the gig economy expands labor supply, increases flexibility, and creates new opportunities, it also poses challenges related to job stability, social protection, and skill development.
This paper asks how institutional stock-market integration reshapes the transmission of monetary policy through asset prices in small open economies. Motivated by the persistent segmentation of Western Balkan capital markets, we develop a two-stage counterfactual transmission framework to identify how stock-exchange consolidation would alter the elasticity of market valuations to monetary shocks. First, a synthetic-control simulation constructs a counterfactual integrated Western Balkan stock exchange comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia, benchmarked to the Baltic OMX merger, thereby quantifying the structural valuation gains of institutional integration. Second, we identify exogenous monetary-policy innovations using a Taylor-rule framework augmented with inflation and output forecasts and reserve adjustments. These shocks are then embedded within a Local-Projections estimator à la Jordà (2005) to trace the dynamic responses of market capitalisation under fragmented and integrated market regimes. The results point to a systematic amplification of monetary-policy transmission through the asset-price channel once markets are unified. Following a policy tightening of about 100 basis points, equity valuations fall roughly twice as strongly under integration than under fragmented markets. Additionally, we find that integration alters the sensitivity of monetary transmission itself: the initial pass-through intensifies, but its marginal responsiveness to further integration declines over time, signalling the consolidation of a new steady-state regime.
Utilizing new technology fosters the development of innovative goods and services and offers a fresh approach to problems that arise within businesses. The main goal of the study is to ascertain how organizational performance in NSE-listed companies in Kenya is impacted by technological capability. The following disruptive innovation theory served as the basis for this investigation to explain this study. This study employed a cross-sectional correlation research approach. All 60 of Kenya's listed companies were examined in this study. Data for this study was gathered using the census survey method. To acquire the data, convenience sampling was employed. A total of 240 people were the target population of the study. The questionnaire is the main data source used in this investigation. There were both open-ended and closed-ended questions on the survey.Following the coding of questionnaire replies in Microsoft Excel, the data was transferred into SPSS package 21 for analysis. The study employed structural equation modelling analysis (SEM) with IMB SPSS Amos 26. The results demonstrated that an organization's performance is influenced by its technological capacity.
This empirical study uses the TVP-VAR model to analyze the dynamic impacts of asset price transmission channels (stock price and real estate price channels) on China’s macroeconomic indicators (GDP and CPI) at three stages of interest rate marketization: the deepening stage (1996–2003), the improvement stage (2004–2015), and the comprehensive promotion stage (2016–2024). It explores how M2 influences these asset price channels and their effects on GDP and CPI. The results show that M2 has a stable negative impact on the stock price channel, while its short-term impact on the real estate price channel is positive and becomes consistently positive in the medium and long term. The effects of both channels on GDP are complex and unstable across different time spans: the stock price channel exhibits high volatility in its impact on CPI, whereas the real estate price channel has a strong short-term positive impact that weakens in the long term. The study connects its findings to theoretical frameworks such as Tobin’s Q theory and Modigliani’s wealth effect, providing insights for monetary policy formulation, financial market regulation, and investor decision-making.
Vietnam boasts a diverse range of rural tourism models such as eco-tourism, agricultural tourism, community tourism, cultural tourism, and craft village tourism. These models contribute not only to rural economic development but also to a deeper sense of pride and connection for local communities, as reflected in the tourism products they offer. Capitalizing on locally distinctive products not only enhances tourism development but also boosts the consumption and marketability of these goods. For rural areas to thrive in tourism, it is essential to invest in improving product quality, design, and storytelling—highlighting local materials, unique production methods, and cultural significance. These distinctive products serve as “cultural ambassadors,” showcasing regional traditions and lifestyles.This article analyzes the key factors influencing the development of Vĩnh Phúc’s distinctive products that hold competitive advantages, in connection with tourism promotion. It also offers recommendations to enhance the development of these products amid growing international integration.
Universities play a strategic role in supporting climate action under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 13, through innovative, student-centered learning approaches. This study examines the effectiveness of a pitching video competition jointly organized by University A (Malaysia) and Universitas B (Indonesia) in raising climate change awareness among undergraduate accounting students. A total of 78 students completed a structured questionnaire following the competition, which was held from October to December 2024. Results indicate that 90% of participants found the activity effective in enhancing their knowledge of climate action, advocating that creative, non-formal learning tools can meaningfully engage students in sustainability topics. The findings present practical implications for curriculum policymakers and international program coordinators that non-formal competitions can be integrated into accounting education to foster climate action literacy, teamwork, and cross-cultural collaboration. Such initiatives provide scalable and low-cost strategies for embedding sustainability in higher education and for preparing students to address climate action considerations in their future professional roles.
Using trade data on China-Malaysia tea trade from 2015 to 2024, this study employs four key quantitative indices: the Market Share Index (MSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), and Trade Intensity Index (TII), to evaluate the competitiveness and complementarity of China’s tea exports to Malaysia. The findings indicate that although the competitiveness of China’s tea exports increased with some fluctuations between 2015 and 2022, it experienced a relative decline from 2023 to 2024. In parallel, trade complementarity demonstrated a steady upward trend, indicating a continuously improving alignment in bilateral tea trade. Based on these outcomes, the study proposes policy recommendations focused on areas such as promoting supply-side reforms, improving distribution channels, enhancing brand image, and fostering cultural communication.
Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from June 1, 2025, to September 1, 2025. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Almir A. AlihodžićGrigorios L KyriakopoulosGyanendra Prasad PaudelHui Shan LeeMohsen MohagheghNaftaly MoseNemer BadwanNurul Farhana NasirRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoRu Johnny ZhangRudy AnsarSantosh B. ManjegowdaYutian YangZi-Yi Guo
