The harmonious coexistence between man and nature is one of the important connotations of Chinese modernization. Research on public perception can effectively test the governance efficiency of rural humansettlement environment. Based on CSS2021 data, we selected fsQCA method to study the mixed effects of 8 antecedents and configuration spatial difference characteristics on rural human settlement environment perception. The above antecedents are self-recognition, pollution perception, internet usage, social responsibility, social atmosphere, economic governance, environmental governance and administrative transparency. The results show that the local pollution degree and government pollution control are the most concerned ecological environment indicators of rural residents. This study confirms that the public’s demand for rural living environment has risen to the high-level form and to the spiritual level of humanistic environment and community governance. In addition, there are significant spatial differences between the environmental pollution degree and the settlement plan. The core condition of environmental perception in the east is residents’ subjective perception, while the central region is the social atmosphere, and the western region is the government governance. This study proposes the following optimization plan. For the government, the key and difficult point in the improvement of rural ecological environment is the control of pollution sources. In the future, we should continue to strengthen and improve the quality of rural human environment and implement differentiated living environment management according to local conditions. To a certain extent, this study is expected to provide a new perspective for the governance of rural human settlement environment.
As a key afforestation tree species in the northern region,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica matures earlier than in its provenance after being introduced to Zhanggutai,and its nutrient input mainly relies on litter.To elucidate the mechanism of litter yield variation in mature P.sylvestris var.mongolica plantations and provide a scientific basis for forest land regeneration,the annual total litter,monthly dynamics of litter components in the P.sylvestris var.mongolica forestland in Zhanggutai Town,Zhangwu County,Liaoning Province and the influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that after entering the mature period,the monthly dynamics of total litter amount in the P.sylvestris plantation exhibited a bimodal pattern.In May,the litter volume of each component was relatively balanced,while in October,the majority of the total litter consisted of needles,accounting for 90.86％.Needles were the predominant component of litter of P.sylvestris var.mongolica plantation,comprising over half of the total litter at different forest densities and growth stages.The differences in stand growth stage and stand density did not have a significant impact on the total litter amount and the amount of each litter component(P＞0.05),but exhibited an increasing trend with increasing stand growth stage and stand density.Additionally,wind speed emerged as a key factor affecting branch litter amount,while monthly average temperature was identified as a key factor influencing the total litter amount.Precipitation had a relatively minor impact on the litter amount of each component.Under the condition of 625 N·hm-2,environmental factors were better able to meet the growth requirements of P.sylvestris var.mongolica plantations during the mature period.
The conversion from old to new kinetic energy is the key path to achieve the goal of"double carbon".It is particularly important to scientifically measure and evaluate driving forces in the conversion from old to new kinetic energy and clarify the influencing factors.Using entropy value method,spatial autocorrelation model,GWR model,the spatio-temporal characteristics of the conversion from to new kinetic energy the old to new kinetic energy conversion in Shandong Province are described,and its influencing factors are analyzed.The main findings are as follows:1)The comprehensive index of conversion from old to new kinetic energy for whole province has risen steadily,and that of 16 cities in the province also presents the overall upward trend,which can be roughly divided into three stages:fluctuations rise,steadily rising,and rising.2)There is obviously spatial differentiation in the old to new kinetic energy conversion in Shandong Province,and the overall spatial pattern shows that the level in central region is significantly higher than that in the west and south,and Jinan and Qingdao are always the high value centers.3)From the perspective of influencing factors,there are significant differences in the influence of different factors on the old to new kinetic energy conversion in different periods.
By using Scenic Beauty Estimation(SBE)method,GIS analysis technology and comprehensive evaluation method,this study evaluates the landscape quality of the typical landscape in Koktokay Global Geopark,and compares the evaluation results.The results show that:1)SBE method is a psychophysical model to measure the aesthetic judgment of the landscape,and the subjective aesthetic judgment of tourists,which can reflect the aesthetic degree of the scenery.The GIS method quantifies the landscape feature data objectively and reflects the landscape feature from the macro scale.Therefore,the former will have certain errors when evaluating the landscape that is completely composed of geological phenomena with small volume,small fluctuation and long distance,while the latter is more suitable for evaluating the landscape of large scale and wide range.2)The comprehensive evaluation method combined with both subjective and objective factors is more comprehensive and inductive,which can better reduce the deviation of visual landscape quality evaluation results by a single method.3)Different landscape types have their own advantages when using SBE or GIS evaluation methods.The comprehensive evaluation method is more favorable for landscape evaluation of tourist scenic spots with diverse landscape types,rich causes and complex structure.In the actual application process,we can select the method that conforms to the landscape type evaluation according to the evaluation objective,to give full play to its maximum effectiveness and improve the scientific nature of landscape visual quality evaluation.
To provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration in Taihang Mountain,the study measured branch and leaf functional traits and discussed adaptation strategies of Vitex negundo,Grewia biloba and Ziziphus jujuba.The hydraulic architecture of stems from perennial shoots were determined,including sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity,leaf specific hydraulic conductivity,Huber value and drought induced cavitation.In addition,Leaf thickness,specific leaf area,leaf size,leaf water potential,and the diurnal transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were also measured.Vessel and pit traits were determined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that:1)The hydraulic weighted vessel diameters and pit density of V.negundo are significantly higher than those of G.biloba and Z.jujuba,therefore V.negundo shows higher water transport efficiency,and also V.negundo exhibits higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,which reflects a rapid resource acquisition adaptive strategy.2)G.biloba has lower hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and specific hydraulic conductivity,and leaf thickness is significantly higher than that of V.negundo and Z.jujuba,and the specific leaf area is significantly lower than that of V.negundo and Z.jujuba,reflecting a relatively conservative resource acquisition strategy.3)Z.jujuba exhibits the lowest hydraulic weighted diameter and specific hydraulic conductivity of vessels,while it shows the strongest ability to resistant drought induced cavitation,as well as the largest daily variation of leaf water potential,and can tolerate lower water potential.In addition,the specific leaf area of Z.jujuba is significantly higher than that of V.negundo and G.biloba,and also it exhibits higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,indicating that it has a strong carbon harvesting ability.Three shrub species exhibit different functional traits,indicating diversified adaptation strategies.They occupy different ecological niche,and thus they can better adapt to the stress environment in Taihang Mountain.
Based on 30-meter resolution land cover grid data and applying advanced spatial analysis techniques such as ArcGIS,land use transfer matrix,and niche theory,this study conducted an in-depth analysis on the mutual conversion between cropland and other agricultural lands,such as forest,shrub,and grassland,in the Yellow River Basin from 1990 to 2021.The research aimed to provide decision support for the scientific implementation of the"Balance Between Land Input and Output"system to ensure food security and promote high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.The results showed that:1)From 1990 to 2021,the net conversion of cropland to other agricultural lands in Yellow River Basin was 1.8351 million hectares,with a non-agricultural land conversion rate of 4.9％,and the displacement effect of livestock development on cropland was the most significant.2)The net conversion of cropland mainly occurred in Qinghai,Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,middle Inner Mongolia,with larger net conversion areas in prefecture-level administrative regions such as Ulanqab,Yan'an,Yulin,Xinzhou,Lvliang,and Qingyang,while regions,such as western Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,northern Henan,and Shandong,were mainly net receivers of cropland.The distribution pattern of non-agricultural land conversion rate differed from that of net conversion of cropland,with higher non-agricultural land conversion rates in regions such as Yushu,Guoluo,and Aba,despite their lower net conversion of cultivated land.3)The spatial pattern evolution of conversion between cropland and other agricultural lands in the Yellow River Basin positively impacted the suitability of ecological factors for the croplands,such as slope,erosion risk,accumulated temperature above 10℃,and soil pH,and negatively impacted the suitability of annual precipitation,soil texture,and organic matter content for croplands.It also negatively impacted the comprehensive suitability of the croplands at the basin level,but positively impacted the comprehensive suitability of the croplands in more areas at the prefecture-level administrative region,especially in the middle and lower reaches with abundant cropland resources.
The green low-carbon life style is the most direct embodiment of the residents'participation in the construction of ecological civilization,and is also one of the keys to achieve the"double-carbon"goal.Based on 902 micro-survey data,the influence of environmental values(self-interest values,altruistic values and ecological values)on residents'willingness to participate in green and low-carbon lifestyle choices(willingness to participate and willingness to pay)was tested by a two-column model.Furthermore,stepwise regression was used to explore the mediating effect of environmental attitudes on the relationship between the three environmental values and the residents'green and low-carbon life-style choice.The results show that the three environmental values have significantly positive effects on residents'willingness to participate and willingness to pay,and altruistic values play the largest role in willingness to participate,while ecological values have the largest impact on willingness to pay.Environmental attitudes not only play a significant role in promoting residents'willingness to participate and pay,but also play an intermediary effect between the three environmental values and residents'willingness to pay and participate.Age negatively inhibits residents'willingness to pay for a green and low-carbon life,income significantly inhibits residents'willingness to participate in green and low-carbon life.Therefore,cultivating residents'correct environmental values and guiding them to form good environmental attitudes can effectively promote residents'willingness to participate and willingness to pay in green and low-carbon life.
High standard farmland construction is an important measure to achieve efficient utilization of farmland and ensure national food security.Based on field survey data from 1025 farmers in 10 provinces across the country,this paper uses Probit model to empirically test the impact of high standard farmland construction on farmers'farmland abandonment behavior.The research results show that:1)The construction of high standard farmland significantly negatively impacts the farmers'farmland abandonment behavior.After introducing instrumental variables to deal with endogenous problems,the results are stable.2)Farmer's farmland transfer and mechanization input level play an intermediary role in the process of high standard farmland construction affecting farmland abandonment.3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibition effect of high standard farmland construction on farmland abandonment is more obvious in part-time farmers,large scale farmers,farmers with low non-agricultural transfer degree,and plain and hilly areas.Therefore,we should vigorously promote the construction of high standard farmland,explore new models of high standard farmland construction according to local conditions,encourage multi-party cooperation to improve farmland supporting services,improve farmland utilization rate,and alleviate the problem of farmland resource waste.
Desertification is one of the main manifestations of land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas of the world,and how to extract desert information quickly,efficiently,accurately and extensively has been a technical difficulty in the field of desertification research.In this study,the Minqin Basin in the lower reaches of Shiyang River was taken as the research area,Landsat-8 satellite image was used as the data source,and the spectral enhancement method of HSV color transformation was used to discuss the influence of spectral enhancement on the sandy surface pixels.The effects and accuracy of six supervised classification methods(neural network,support vector,maximum likelihood,Mahalanobis distance,parallelepiped and minimum distance)on desert information extraction were compared and analyzed.The results show that:1)the spectral enhancement decreases the radiation luminance value(1.0％and 29.8％before enhancement)and the standard deviation(0.81％and 19.7％)of the sandy surface pixels in Red and NIR bands,and increases the radiation luminance value(1.50 times)and the standard deviation(1.32 times)of SWIR 2 bands.The separation degree between the sandy surface and other land is improved,and the difference between the sandy surface and other land is increased at the spectral level.2)The minimum distance method has high accuracy before and after spectral enhancement(Kappa coefficient is 0.9615 and 0.9627,respectively),and has a good application prospect in desert monitoring in the study area due to its simple method and short operation time.The spectral enhancement significantly improves the accuracy of parallelepiped and maximum likelihood methods,and the Kappa coefficients increase by 0.5400 and 0.2048,respectively.The combination of spectral enhancement and neural network method is the best method to quickly and accurately extract sandy surface information,and the Kappa coefficient can reach 0.9682.The above conclusions can provide theoretical basis for desert information extraction and monitoring in the future.
This research uses survey data from 231 farming and herding households in Bairin Right Banner,Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia,China,to evaluate the sustainable livelihoods and ecological livability of farming and herding households,with analyzing the factors influencing the coupling coordination degree.The study found that:1)Livelihood capital is a key resource for sustainable livelihoods of farming and herding households,and green production is a key element of ecological livability.2)The levels of sustainable livelihoods and ecological livability of farming and herding households in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoralist areas of northern China are both at a low level,and there are significant differences in spatial and geographical distribution.3)The coupling coordination degree of sustainable livelihoods and ecological livability for farming and herding households is generally low.Most villages are at the intermediate or lower degree of coordination,and the proportion of villages with high-quality coordination is relatively low.4)Improving livelihood capital,promoting green production,building green ecology,and promoting green lifestyles significantly contribute to the improvement of the coupling and coordination of sustainable livelihoods and ecological livability for farming and herding households.
Agricultural carbon emission is one of the important sources contributing to global warming and has become the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in China.Under the background of small-scale peasant in China,improving farmers'adoption of low-carbon agricultural techniques is an important way to reduce agricultural carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.Based on face-to-face questionnaire data from 1040 households in the Jianghan Plain,this study uses the entropy method and Heckman sample selection model to analyze the influence of technological cognition and promotion on farmers'decision making and adoption of low-carbon agricultural techniques.The results show that:1)The adoption rate of low-carbon agricultural techniques reaches 77.9％,and the average adoption degree of farmers is 3.141/11,which indicates a high adoption rate but a low adoption degree in general.2)The average degree of technology cognition is 2.676/5,and the average degree of technology promotion is 2.349/5,with an average degree of cognition reaching an average level but the degree of promotion relatively low.3)The degree of technological cognition has a significant positive effect on farmers'adoption decision making and adoption degree,while the degree of technological promotion has a significant positive effect on farmers'adoption decision making and a negative impact on their adoption degree.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of technological propaganda,training and demonstration.
To study on the differences in tourists'environmental responsibility behavior in different individual characteristic groups is the key to the differential management of tourists'environmental behavior in urban scenic spots.In this paper,the multi-group structural equation model is used to construct a theoretical model for analyzing the relationship between place attachment,quality of life,tourists'social responsibility and environmental responsibility behavior,and the group differences of tourists with different educational background and occupation in environmental responsibility behavior are analyzed particularly,and an empirical study is made on the tourists from"the world's first spring"scenic spot in Jinan and the"Sankong"scenic spot in Qufu.The conclusions are as follows:1)The place attachment and quality of life have significant positive effects on tourist's social responsibility,while quality of life and tourists'social responsibility has significant positive effects on self-discipline behaviors,place attachment,quality of life and self-discipline behaviors have significant positive effects on protection and promotion behaviors.2)There is significant difference between the difference of educational level and the difference of occupation type in the theoretical relationship model of tourists'environmental responsibility behavior.According to the conclusion of the study,the countermeasures and suggestions arming at the behavioral differences are put forward in order to provide reference for the effective environmental management of tourism scenic areas in the new era.
Field sampling was conducted in the sediment profile of Changxu Village(CX),Shandong Province,and the analysis and determination of paleoenvironmental indicators such as black carbon,magnetic susceptibility,loss on ignition,geochemical elements etc.were taken attempting to explore the interaction between biomass burning,human activities,and climates.The results show that:1)During 4000-2800a BP.,the climate changed from warm and humid to cool and dry,and local wildfires occurred occasionally,of which black carbon showed an obvious peak in 3500～3000 years ago.This might be due to the black carbon particles produced by local human production and life induced biomass burning events during the Shang and Zhou dynasties,which caused a significant increase in black carbon concentration,through the process of erosion and re-accumulation by flowing water,and climate and vegetation were the limiting factors for the occurrence and spread of wildfires.2)During 2800-2000a BP.,the climate changed to a warm and dry,and the frequency of wildfires increased significantly,which might be related to the large area land use of ancient humans during the Spring and Autumn,and Warring States periods.The occurrence of wildfires was closely related to human activities and production methods,but vegetation was still prerequisites affecting the occurrence of wildfires.3)During 2000-500a BP.,the climate became cold and dry,and the frequency of wildfires was at a lower level and stabilized,probably because human production reached a stable stage,the land had been fully cultivated,while irrigated agriculture was established.Climate was the main controlling factor for wildfire events.4)In the last 500 yearsa BP.,the climate has been further arid,with widespread biomass burning,especially in the nearly 300 years of BP.It has entered a rapid increase stage,which was due to the drought of the climate since the Qing Dynasty,coupled with a sharp increase in population,and the intensification of human activities such as burning forests and reclaiming land.Human activities had become a key factor in the occurrence of wildfires.
In order to explore the impact of image of internet-famous tourist destination on tourists'environmentally friendly behaviors and promote the protection and improvement of the environment in internet-famous tourist destination,we take Chongqing,a city of internet-famous tourist destination,as an example to build a model for analyzing the effect of destination image on environmentally friendly behaviors by social exchange theory,and conduct an empirical study on tourists'environmentally friendly behaviors by verifying the mediating effect of perceived value and the moderating effect of destination trust.The results showed that:1)Cognitive image and emotional image have significant positive effects on environmentally friendly behaviors.2)Perceived value mediates the relationship between destination image and environmentally friendly behaviors.3)Destination trust positively moderates the relationship between destination image and environmentally friendly behaviors.4)Perceived value mediates the moderating effect of destination trust between perceived image and environmentally friendly behaviors.The research results reveal the mechanism and context of the impact of destination image on tourists'environmentally friendly behaviors,and provide theoretical basis and practical reference for internet-famous tourist destination to improve tourists'environmentally friendly behaviors.
The quality of cultivated land is the foundation of grain production,and ensuring food security is the primary goal for building a powerful agricultural country.Based on the data of 887 farmers in the northeast black soil region,Biprobit model was used to empirically analyze the effects of government incentives,perceived value and interaction on farmers'willingness and behavior to protect black land.The results show that there are differences in the effects of different dimensions of government incentives on farmers'willingness and behavior to protect black land.Project-type policies significantly promote the transformation of farmers'intention of black land protection into protection behavior,and subsidy-type policies significantly improve farmers'intention of protection.Perceived economic value promotes farmers'intention and behavior of black land protection.Perceived environmental and social values significantly improve farmers'intention of black land protection,but do not transform into protection behavior.There are interactions between government incentives and perceived values,or inside themselves.The effects of government incentives and perceived values on black land protection intention and behavior are characterized by scale heterogeneity.
For promotion of new varieties of oil sunflower,regional comparison test was carried out to evaluate accurately the important agronomic traits and yield performance of different varieties of sunflower,and screen out suitable planting varieties and planting areas.By using AMMI model and GGE model,15 tested varieties of oil sunflower and 5 test sites were comprehensively evaluated in the regional test,and the yield,stability,adaptability of different oil sunflower varieties and the representativeness of different test sites were analyzed.The results showed that oil sunflower varieties were most significantly affected by genes.The analysis results of the two models showed that the varieties S2203,S2205 and S2207 are ideal varieties,and test spots Yinchuan and Chifeng are better for planting the selected varieties.The comprehensive analysis of AMMI and GGE models improves the reliability of the test results and provides a theoretical basis for the selection of new varieties and the selection of ideal pilots.
Suitability evaluation is the premise and foundation for the development of ecotourism in national parks,which is conducive to clarifying the relationship between ecological protection and tourism development.Starting from the contradiction between the management requirements of national parks and the development of ecotourism,taking the Qinghai area of Qilian Mountain National Park(referred to as"Qilian Mountain National Park")as an example,four dimensions and 18 factors including ecological protection conditions,socio-economic conditions,tourism resource conditions and tourism reception conditions were selected to construct the index system for evaluating the suitability of ecotourism development in national parks.The GIS spatial analysis tool was used to evaluate the single-cause index grading evaluation and weighted superposition analysis,and the suitability level of ecotourism development in Qilian Mountain National Park was quantitatively evaluated,and its suitability was divided into five grades from low to high.The results show that Qilian Mountain National Park is suitable for developing ecotourism as a whole,the area of Class Ⅰ.-Ⅳ.suitable areas are basically flat,the area of the special suitable area(Ⅴ.)is relatively small,the spatial heterogeneity is obvious,and the overall spatial distribution pattern is"Babao Town as the core,higher in the east and lower in the west".Based on the results of suitability evaluation,national park control zoning and land use status,the study area is further divided into six types,and the ecotourism spatial layout,and the leading service functions and management measures of different areas are proposed.The research results provide planning and management guidance for the construction of national parks and ecotourism development.
The median income and the multidimensional composite index methods are used to measure the multidimensional relative poverty of 4,193 sample rural households in Chongqing,and a feasible solution is proposed for identifying rural multidimensional relative poverty criteria after validation by the Dagum Gini coefficient.The analysis result of the median income method shows that it is preferable for identifying the relative poverty group with 50％of the median income of rural households,in this scenario,the relative poverty incidence is 7.73％,while the multidimensional composite index method suggests to identify the relative poverty group with 60％of the rural multidimensional relative poverty index,with a relative poverty incidence of 10.02％.The Dagum Gini coefficient validation shows the gap between poor and non-poor groups that identified by the multidimensional composite index method is slightly higher than the median income method,and the multidimensional relative poverty index not only contains income indicators,but also involves material,ability and opportunity dimensions,so this paper suggests that 60％of the rural multidimensional relative poverty index is used as the relative poverty criterion.The rural multidimensional relative poverty group tends be with following characters:having older household heads,lower education level,lacking of household labor,heavier burden of care and support,less transferable employment,slow industrial development and low-income households,households with serious illnesses,and households with five guarantees.
Based on the 133 nodal cities where the 168 national tourism demonstration areas have been recently accepted,this study analyzes the spatial characteristics of tourism economic contact network and driving factors using the ArcGIS spatial analysis platform and quantitative models.The study finds that:1)After the creation of the demonstration zone,the intensity and amount of regional tourism economic relations are significantly enhanced,the coordinated pattern of tourism economy has initially taken shape,with the economic ties network showing the evolutionary trend from"one single pole core"to"multi-centre,multi-community".2)The regional tourism economic link breaks through the spatial proximity limitation,driven by the four-dimensional factors of tourism industry foundation,destination supply,source market and tourism channel,each factor is characterized by regional heterogeneity.3)The tourism resource endowment and transportation accessibility facilitate its resource productivity.The optimization of tourism industry structure promotes the core competitiveness of tourism economy,the level of reception services provided constitutes its service support,and the market demand,economic development level and tourism policies form its socio-economic support.
In order to realize precise regulation and control of urban carbon sequestration and emission reduction,Dongguan City was taken as the research area,and an optimization framework of carbon metabolism pattern was constructed for predicting the carbon emission at the macro level and enhancing the urban carbon sequestration capacity at the medium and micro levels.Carbon emissions in energy consumption predicted by LEAP model scenarios were applied to urban land use types,and urban carbon sequestration potential areas predicted by LANDIS model were added.the weak areas of urban carbon metabolism in the future were identified,and then the optimization idea of urban carbon metabolism pattern was put forward.The results show that:l)The energy consumption in Dongguan City in future deviates from the carbon emission target,and the emission reduction scenario is more in line with the actual social and economic development than the high-limit scenario,so,energy conservation and emission reduction should be done from the industrial demand side.2)The carbon sequestration potential of Dongguan is relatively limited.Under the emission reduction scenario,there are only 9 nodes for increasing sinks.The carbon sequestration and emission reduction need to be guaranteed by constructing ecological corridor network framework,setting carbon emission expanding belt,and restorating the ecological base.3)The key to realizing the optimization of carbon metabolism pattern by Leap-Landis in future is to apply the carbon emissions of energy consumption predicted by LEAP model to the urban land use pattern.
