The decision to marry is often influenced by marriage readiness factors which provide the bases for whom to marry, when to marry, why one must marry, and even future marital behavior.Current research focuseson internally-driven, subjective and psychological marriage readiness indicators among today’s youth with fewer studies on the importance of demographic criteria. This paper presents descriptive data on demographic criteria for marriage readiness and implications for future marital satisfaction among some university-level emerging adults in Cameroon. A sample of 124 emerging adults, aged 18-30 in the University of Buea in Cameroon responded to the Criteria for Marriage Readiness questionnaire whose reliability was 0.848.Demographic criteria defined in the instrument were isolated, analyzed and checked against their relevance and level of importance for marriage readiness and future marital satisfaction. Findings showed that 59.33% of emerging adults agreed that the demographic criteria defined were necessary, even though contested by 40.67% who felt that they were no longer necessary criteria for marriage readiness. Again, a significant 36.7% of participants said the demographic criteria were very important for future marital satisfaction. Meanwhile, 20.9%, 22.8% and 19.6% respectively felt that the demographic criteria defined were quite important, only slightly important and not at all important. Additionally, some important shifts emerged from the findings. For example, while participants considered leaving home as necessary and important for marriage readiness and future marital satisfaction, they did not consider homeownership as a necessary and important criterion for marriage. A common pathway to marriage after leaving home was independently renting an apartment home, especially for men. Again, while it is an appropriate financial behavior and a requirement for men to be financially viable to support their marriage and the success of it in the future, it is not a necessary and important criterion for women who are largely not perceived as financial providers in the marriage relationship. Finally, the cohabitation paradox, suggesting that cohabitation before marriage is not a necessary and important criterion for marriage and future marital success was also found. These findings align with previous ones which found demographic criteria as still necessary and important indicators of marriage readiness and pathways to future marital satisfaction, especially in collectivistic cultures. Other studies also found social and economic changes that rendered some traditional factors no longer important, or far less important than they have always been. It was concluded that while social changes have led to more subjective criteria for marriage readiness among emerging adults today, demographic criteria are still widely held up in some non-Western societies and should not be neglected.
Charcoal is a product obtained by heating wood at high temperatures. Its use dates back to ancient times. In Ivory Coast, its production began in the 19th century with explorers. Thus, over the years, charcoal production activity has developed more and more in several regions of the country, this is the case in the north, more precisely in the Poro region. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of charcoal production on the environment and on the health of the producer in the department of Korhogo, capital of Poro. The survey took place in the villages of Gogbala, Kiémou, Bermavogo, Tangafla and Binguébougou with a sample of fifty (50) producers. The combination of the qualitative and quantitative approach was favored to carry out the field surveys. The results show that the production of charcoal has negative consequences on the environment and on the health of the actors, although this activity is quite profitable for this population. In terms of the forest environment, the harmful effects of this activity are seen through deforestation and the disappearance of certain plant species which have a major importance in the habits and customs of local populations. In terms of the health of producers, it has significant negative effects on the deterioration of their health. Indeed, the activity causes serious lung diseases (lung cancer, bronchitis, bright coughs, etc.). Also, it is important to remember that despite its profitability, charcoal production causes quite considerable illnesses in the different production areas. It is therefore important to take a closer look at this activity which remains informal and traditional in the department in order to minimize its effects on the environment in general and in particular on the producer. Keywords: Impact, production, charcoal, environment, health, Korhogo DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-1-07 Publication date: February 28 th 2024
Autonomous learning has been the ultimate goal of education for over four decades and it is more so for doctoral students. However, the expectations and actual practices of both the supervisor and the supervisee may be conflicting. The degree of learner autonomy among doctoral students is an important aspect to examine especially with the varying supervision modes across the disciplines within the cultural context. This study investigates the relationship between learner autonomy and the modes of supervision. It also explores the expectations of doctoral students towards their PhD journey. Data were collected with two questionnaires: (1) the Autonomous Learning Scale (Macaskill & Taylor, 2010) and (2) the Quality in PhD Processes Questionnaire (Herrmann & Wichmann-Hansen, 2017). Participants were 152 Tunisian doctoral students from different fields of study. The results showed that learner autonomy positively correlates with the advising supervision mode and negatively correlates with the controlling modes. Overall satisfaction of the progress of the PhD was the most significant indicator of the Autonomous Learning Scale. The findings imply the necessity of supervisors to adjust and establish a balance between support and control so that doctoral students take ownership of the doctoral journey to autonomy. Keywords: Learner autonomy, doctoral students, supervision, culture, advising supervision DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-4-03 Publication date: May 30 th 2024
In the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program, the process of fabricating orthotics, including prescribing, and modifying orthotics is documented in the Physical Therapy Guide to PT Practice as an intervention that physical therapists perform with patients. However, not all DPT students are educated on the process of fabricating orthoses or know which orthosis should be recommended for a specific diagnosis. Many patients who are diagnosed with a wrist or hand condition require an orthosis as part of the appropriate treatment. The problem addressed in this study is if DPT students do not typically learn about orthotics related to patient conditions and learn the fabrication process, they have decreased self-efficacy of treating patients with wrist and hand conditions. DPT students may have a higher self-efficacy of treating patients with hand and wrist conditions if they are educated on fabricating orthoses and know which orthosis to recommend for a diagnosis. Self-efficacy involves how an individual perceives themselves succeeding in a task. Working successfully in a challenging clinical environment is dependent on a physical therapist's self-efficacy. The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest posttest study was to explore the benefits of educating DPT students on upper extremity orthotics and fabricating upper extremity orthotics on the affect their self-efficacy of treating patients with wrist and hand dysfunction. The research helped to answer questions related to physical therapy students' experience of an orthotics fabrication lab and the relationship, if any, of their self-efficacy of treating patients. Data was collected using a web-based survey including the adapted Physiotherapy Self Efficacy questionnaire and a question regarding future interest in hand therapy to evaluate if a relationship exists between self-efficacy and receiving training on upper extremity orthotic fabrication. Approximately 130 participants were recruited for the study. Recommendations for implementing orthotics training for DPT students were suggested based on results. Results from this study identify strong rationale to support orthodics training; including upper extremity orthotic fabrication and training, in DPT curricula. Future DPTs can be more prepared to treat a wrist and hand caseload and have successful treatment outcomes. Keywords: Physical therapy education, hand therapy, student engagement, orthosis patients, Bandura's self-efficacy . DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-4-02 Publication date: May 30 th 2024
This study highlighted the life quality and spiritual intellect in infertile couples. Sample of the study consisting of (42) couples recruited purposively to guarantee the representation of series of age, cultural background, and miscarriage experience. Data collected through reliability checkers to contain concepts such as life quality, perspectives of spirit, coping strategies and marital relationship among the persons suffering with infertility. Tests and the questionnaires that are verified, like in the case of WHO Quality of Life Instrument, Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Findings showed that infertile people have moderate and high quality of life levels in various life domains. The physical health aspect has the greatest mean score (mean = 72.4). In contrast to the overall environmental factors that are thought in a good way (mean = 70.1), showing a form of happiness with environmental conditions. The discriminating statistics uncover that the spiritual intellect of infertile couples manifest at high levels across different measures. While analyzing the effects of age on life quality, it is observed that there is a strong association between these variables. The older people report to higher level of life quality (β = 0.21, p < 0.05). The process of coping strategies proved to be very strongly associated with both quality of life (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and spiritual intellect (β = 0.30, p < 0.01). Keywords: Infertility, psychological, spirituality, bi-directional relationship, complexity. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
Boundary formations in Nigeria have been politicized since independence, with long term effects on state-society relations. Against this backdrop, this study argues that Nigeria's processes of boundary formations have been guided by manipulations by the elite that held on to power right from the point of independence to 1996. This has complicated relationships of the people and their perceptions on the state as an institution that has applied forced in administering and Balkanizing them. The year 1960 is chosen here because it marks the beginning of a period of formal or self-rule accompanied by the creation of domestic boundaries while 1996 on its part marks the end of boundary reforms in the country through a process of state and local government creations by the military regimes. Thus The work adopts a combined theoretical scheme and relies on both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes' social contract theories to show the joy that local groups express when boundaries are fixed in a way that favours them which improves smooth state-society relations on the one hand and the sadness that they also show when boundaries are created in such a manner that does not appeal to them which disrupts state-society relations. The study builds on a body of existing literatures which although have tackled issues on the politics of boundary formations in Nigeria, but have not discussed how and why such politics have diffused into or affected state–society relations in terms of the distribution of states and local governments, placement of state capitals, political participation, patronage, segregation and distribution of infrastructural development. Thus, using a historical research design, the work in a narrative form gives a historical analysis of the impact of boundaries on state-society relations in the country across regime periods stretching from 1960 to 1996. The study relied on both primary and secondary data such as archival materials, oral interviews and books in its methodology. The article proposes that the exercise of arbitrary boundary fixings in Nigeria has disrupted state-society relations in the country. Keywords: Impact, Boundary Formations, State-Society Relations, Nigeria. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
The paper examined the Nigerian State's capacity to tackle the menace of corrupt practices by the Mobile Telecommunication company in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. Questionnaire and unstructured interview were the primary sources of data while the MTNN subscribers with a population of 228,902 as well as twenty (20) interviewees drawn from the officials of Nigeria Communications Commission (NCC), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), constituted the population of the study. The sample size of 400 was arrived at using the Taro Yamani formula. The mean score analysis of the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire was done thematically. This was combined with desk analysis of qualitative data obtained from in-depth interview. It was found out that the State has the capacity to curtail the corrupt practices of the MTNN but relevant government agencies had not successfully addressed the corrupt practices of multinational telecommunication companies. It was recommended that the personnel of the State agencies should demonstrate the necessary patriotism and loyalty needed to accomplish the tasks of curtailing the corrupt practices of the MTNN to the benefit of the citizens as well as the State. Keywords: State capacity, corrupt practices, MTNN, telecommunication DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
Training high-quality human resources is one of the issues of concern of many universities worldwide in general and in Vietnam in particular. Thuongmai University in Vietnam is one of the universities performing the training function to provide highly qualified labor resources, professional skills and a sense of working attitude to meet the requirements of the international integration process. However, facing the new needs of the global labor market, of science and technology gradually developing rapidly, the training process of the university, besides the achievements, is also revealing certain limitations. Some graduates are not adequately prepared to meet the demands of both domestic and international job markets. Therefore, alongside an analysis of the current state of training high-quality human resources, this article proposes some fundamental recommendations to further enhance the quality of the university's human resource training in the context of international integration today. Keywords: commerce, human resources, international, integration, training. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
With a universal conclusion on global climate change and the growing religiosity in post-colonial African societies, some perceptions and reactions to climate change seem to be influenced by religious sentiments instead of scientifically-driven facts and figures. The level of religious fanaticism, especially in post-colonial Africa in general and Cameroon in particular, seems to be obstructing effective climate change actions considering the plethora of eco-destructive Biblical verses that may induce eco-destructive thoughts and actions if not carefully interpreted. Using insights from Van Dijk's (2006) psychological perspective to Critical Discourse Analysis and a corpus-based methodology, this study examined some eco-destructive Biblical verses and their potential effects on contemporary religious fanatics' perceptions of climate change consequences. The findings revealed that a cross section of religious fanatics in some traditional and Pentecostal churches in Cameroon tend to perceive such climate change manifestations as floods, droughts and burning heat as consequences of sins committed by humans against the commandments of their creator – God – not as the results of environmentally-unfriendly activities carried out by humans on earth. This inspired the conclusion that there is the dire need for very specific climate change orientation and awareness activities to be conducted in post-colonial churches in order to educate and encourage the multitude of Christians to embrace scientifically backed climate change actions and solutions. Keywords: Eco-destruction, climate change, Bible verses, post-colonial, religious fanaticism DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2024
It is an established fact that vote-buying in Nigeria's election has become a dominant factor and an alarming phenomenon in Nigeria's electoral process. Its effects, trends and challenges in the country's electoral process have become a worrisome issue. Votebuying has also become an accepted norm inNigeria's political activities and threatens her readiness to embrace good democratic governance. Buying for political posts is left for rich individual politicians due to the huge amount of money involved in the preparation for elective offices. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper is the Clientalism theory because it explains the linkage between Nigeria's electoral process and vote-buying, focusing on the 2015, 2019 and the 2023 general elections. In spite of the electoral laws and the INEC's stance on vote-buying, the act has gradually become a regular phenomenon. This makes it imperative in this study to explore the ugly phenomenon of effect vote-buying in Nigeria's electoral process via its challenges for free, fair, credible and acceptable elections. The study adopts the documentary method for gathering data from secondary sources and recommends that Nigeria needs to develop strong institutions and adopt sound measures that are politically neutral to address the phenomenon of votebuying in the country. Therefore, addressing the menace of vote-buying through political and neutral agencies can go a long way in nipping in the bud of electoral irregularities that characterized politics and electoral process for a long time. Keywords: Vote-buying, Electoral Process, Politics, Democracy, Political Parties, Politicalactors. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2024
The main problem addressed in this study is the role of the organizational policy of Human Resource Management in increasing employees' commitment at work. The acceptance criteria for this study include a considerable number of reviewed meta-analytic studies that focus on employee engagement in the workplace and its relationship with several organizational policy variables managed by the human resources team. Mainly, the focus has been on reviews of meta-analytic studies from the 1990s to the progress of analytical reviews of commitment and organizational policies of recent studies. Despite including the results of studies conducted out of context, this study will not address specific ways and cross-cultural issues arising from these researches. The random effects model was used as a meta-analysis method, focusing on many meta-analytic reviews and new approaches for conceptualizing and measuring organizational commitment in relation to other variables. Various studies reported moderate correlations between organizational policy variables and employee work engagement. In conclusion, it can be noted that there is a lot of documented evidence that speaks about the importance of organizational policies and their effect on employee engagement. The recommended implications of this study for future research and practices suggest the creation of practices on the engagement of employees in the workplace, such as the preliminary identification of professional skills concerning the position of their engagement. Keywords: political organization of human resource management practices, employee engagement at work, organizational justice, socialization and training, employee promotion DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-1-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2024
This research aims to see the effect of biosaka elicitors on the growth and yield of rice plants in a sustainable agricultural system in terms of the Tamansiswa philosophy. In this research, Logawa and IPB 3S rice varieties were used. This research was carried out at Argorejo Village, Sedayu District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research is a combination of scientific research and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA source of diversity analysis and the Duncan Multiple Range Test with a level of 5%. After that the results were reviewed philosophically based on Tamansiswa's noble values. The results of this research were that in the research on the Logawa rice variety, the variable number of tillers with sembung extract treatment had a significantly different effect on the purslane treatment, while on the variable grain weight per hectare with the kirinyuh extract treatment it had a significantly different effect on the treatment without biosaka (control). In research on the IPB 3S rice variety, the application of biosaka with a combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the treatment with a biosaka dose of 43 l/ha was able to encourage plant height growth and the treatment with a biosaka dose of 86 l/ha inhibited plant height growth. The biosaka treatment dose of 64 l/ha was able to stimulate an increase in the physiological response of rice plants, thereby increasing the number of tillers, number of panicles and grain production per hectare. Philosophically, the spirit of "land of harmony" from biosaka is in line with Tamansiswa's philosophy of "natural nature" and "human living nature is rounded living nature" which can be used as a guide for human life and the natural surroundings, in this case plants, animals and the biological environment where humans according to their nature can live in harmony with their natural environment. Keywords: elicitor, biostimulant, sustainable agriculture, nature's nature, rounded nature DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-4-04 Publication date: May 30 th 2024
The study explored students' perceptions of academic advising in the University of Cape Coast (UCC) using the descriptive survey design. Four research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population was all undergraduate students in the University. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 400 students who had prior interactions with their academic advisors for the study. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed. The data was analyzed using means, standard deviations. The study revealed that academic advising in the UCC was generally seen to be ineffective. Respondents rated low the three qualities of academic advisors examined in the study. Based on these findings, it was recommended that the Management of the UCC organise regular assessment of academic advising to keep academic advisors in check and, organise workshops and seminars to sharpen their skills and qualities. Again, based on the findings, some counselling implications were outlined. Keywords: Academic advising, Counselling, Ghanaian, Perceptions, University students DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic stands as one of the most significant challenges confronting education and training systems worldwide. Since the early stages of the pandemic, teachers have experienced elevated levels of stress accompanied by symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, particularly due to the demands of distance learning. Although there are studies on this subject, more evidence is needed to explore the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish teachers' anxiety and burnout. Consequently, the present study aimed to examine the mediating role of the fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between the anxiety experienced by teachers and the level of burnout in studies conducted on teachers during the pandemic process. A total of 262 (57.8% female) teachers from Turkey completed a questionnaire comprising psychometric instruments of the aforementioned variables. The path analysis indicated that fear of COVID-19 mediated the association between anxiety and personal success sub-dimension of burnout, but not emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The findings of the present study indicate that anxious feelings may exacerbate burnout among teachers in Turkey and that the fear of COVID-19 may play a role on that aforementioned relationship. Consequently, health professionals and clinicians that aim to develop intervention and treatment strategies for Turkish teachers' anxiety and burnout levels should take the fear of COVID-19 into consideration. Keywords: key words, orkforce sizing, job-shop production, holonic model DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
This paper examines Nietzsche's concept of the overman (Übermensch) and its implications for transhumanism ethos. Nietzsche's overman is characterized by self-overcoming. For Nietzsche, humanity is something that must be overcome and transcended. Nietzsche's call for self-overcoming and transcending humanity's limitations, finds resonance in transhumanist ethos and aspirations, which seeks to enhance human abilities through bio-technology. However, a critical examination of Nietzsche's concept of the overman uncovers some contradictions between his views and transhumanism ethos and aspirations. Central to his thought is the principle of 'Amor Fati' (love of fate), emphasizing the embrace of life's challenges and suffering. This contrast with transhumanist inclination to eradicate suffering through technological advancement. His idea that struggle and suffering improves strength is contrary to transhumanist's goal of eliminating suffering and obstacles through technology. This paper argues that while Nietzshie's concept of the overman bears some resemblance to transhumanist ideals, his philosophy underpinned by 'Amor Fati' and embracing suffering and overcoming obstacles for growth, would likely not advocate for the total adoption of technological means to overcome humanity. The paper adopts qualitative method and philosophical analysis. Comparing Nietzsche's notion of the overman and the aspirations of transhumanism uncovers certain level of relationship in their shared ideals of transcending human limitations and fundamentally different philosophical foundations. Keywords: Humanity, Overman, Transhumanism, Ethos. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-3-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2024
There have been constant efforts by the successive government in Nigerian to regulate and control the social media. More worries have been voiced about how social media harbours misinformation, cyberbullying and fake news which are largely believed by credulous members of the public. As a result, there have been a lot of contentions surrounding attempts to stifle or enact policies to control social media. The focus of this study, however, is to examine how social media regulations reflect on freedom of expression and information in Nigeria, using the experience of Twitter (now X) ban as a practical lesson to draw from. Some of the research objectives were developed to establish how the twitter ban relates to freedom of expression and information; to determine the various impact of the Twitter ban on freedom of expression and information; to evaluate the public perception of Twitter ban on the freedom of expression and information. A sample size of 385 was drawn with the use of survey design using online google form to gather responses from knowledgeable practitioners who were purposively selected from various media organizations in Nigeria. The findings revealed that 100% Twitter is as a platform for freedom of expression and information and the ban was a direct threat to freedom of information. It was agreed that stiff regulation on any social media platform, constitute a direct restraint to fundamental rights of expression and information. The respondents also indicated that the ban was a systemic infringement on human right. The study recommend that Nigeria should serve as a role model for liberal democracy and the rule of law that protects human right. Keywords : Media Twitter, Twitter Ban, Freedom of Information, Freedom of Expression DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-2-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2024
The absence of good governance in Nigeria is the proliferation of social activism across the country that is mostly expressed through youth organizations or associations with socio-cultural leanings. This study seeks to investigate activism and Belleism: the implication for socio-political emancipation in Nigeria, particularly ijaw youth congress (IYC) central zone. The study examined activist activities and how activism upgrades into political structures and offices. Participants consisted of the Ijaw Youth Congress (IYC) Central zone. The study adopts Robert K. Merton's Anomie theory (1910-2003) as framework. Primary and Secondary data guided this study. The study provided reliable and valid measurement of activism and Belleism. findings indicates that activism is clearly a political strategy of activist for Belleism and stomach infrastructure which is now very common among the IYC activist. The study concludes that activist must adhere to international best practices in advocacy and campaigns for social and political change rather than trading justice for Belleism. Keywords: Activism, Activist, Belleism, Stomach infrastructure and emancipation. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/14-2-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2024
This research deals with an important topic of contemporary Arab history and focuses precisely on the armed conflict that the Sultanate of Oman witnessed in the period between May 1954; it is the period that followed the death of Imam Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Khalili to 1971, the period in which the conflict ended after Sultan Qaboos bin Said bin Taimur assumed power. As for the historical sources of research are completely confined to secret British political documents published by the Center for Arab Unity Studies; it was translated by Dr. Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Harithi in 2007, in six volumes containing more than ten thousand documents. With regard to the methodology, the researcher followed the historical methodology that is based on investigating the educational material and proving it chronologically to clarify the reality of the events satisfactorily and appropriately; the research between the historical and political methodology focuses on highlighting the basic factors of the conflict and the limitation of scientific material and its trial, on identifying the causes of conflict and show its effects on the spatial framework of the research, which is the Sultanate of Oman. Keywords: Oman, History, Politics, Imamate, International Relations. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-7-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2023
This study examines the intricate relationship between armed group rivalry, post-agreement peacebuilding, and inclusive development in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). Using a qualitative research methodology, the study collects data through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis to investigate the key variables driving armed group rivalry and its consequences for regional peacebuilding and development initiatives. The findings suggest that historical grievances, ethnic divisions, struggle for resources, and political influence are the driving forces for armed group conflict in the CHT. The study also finds the enormous influence of armed group rivalry on the implementation of the 1997 CHT Accord, ongoing peacebuilding efforts, and the region's inclusive growth. The analysis underlines the necessity for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to peacebuilding that addresses the core causes of armed group rivalry, engages all relevant stakeholders, and encourages the full implementation of the 1997 CHT Accord. The study contributes to a greater understanding of the complex interplay between armed group rivalry, peacebuilding, and development in conflict-affected regions by offering policy recommendations to support lasting peace and inclusive development in the CHT. Keywords: Armed group rivalry, Post-accord peacebuilding, Inclusive development, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Conflict resolution, Socioeconomic inequalities and Regional cooperation DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2023
The nursing workforce shortage is the biggest crisis that demands increased qualified licensed graduate nursing students. The shortage of licensed professional nurses has tremendously affected the quality of health care delivery. Subsequently, nursing schools are challenged to educate nursing students faster. Undergraduate nursing colleges have been challenged to educate more nurses faster to meet the increasing demands of qualified nurses in the workforce. Successful completion of the NCLEX exam is an entry requirement to practice as a registered nurse in the United States . The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research study is to compare the NCLEX score rates and sub-scores of psychosocial integrity and safety using data from multiple cohorts of the pre-licensure nursing program to evaluate the impact of the sudden transition from face-to-face (F2F) learning to a blended learning format. The study participants included students from the 2019 Spring and 2019 Fall cohorts who completed nursing in a F2F setup and 2020 Fall and 2021 Spring cohorts who completed nursing in a blended format. The pre-existing data of NCLEX scores and subcategory scores were obtained from two hundred and eighteen students enrolled in the F2F track, and two hundred and twenty-one students enrolled in the blended track of the nursing program. The pre-existing data obtained were coded separately in three sets using '0' for fail grade and '1' for pass grade to assess the correlation. The chi-square test of independence and Phi were employed to test the null hypothesis. The statistical analysis reported a significant difference in the NCLEX scores of the students, p < .001. Findings of the NCLEX safety and psychosocial subsection scores showed no ranked significant difference, p < .133 and p < .355. This study's results will help modify appropriate teaching-learning platforms to foster successful student learning outcomes and NCLEX success rates. Suggestions for future research include qualitative research to erase certain limitations, correlational studies including demographic factors, and a comparative study using a diverse, larger sample size. Additionally, as the global pandemic impacts this study, a follow-up study is recommended in the future to analyze NCLEX scores with sub-scores after the COVID pandemic. Keywords: Nurse education, NCLEX, COVID-19, Blended Learning, Exam scores. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-6-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2023
