Bu çalışma, sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılmasına katkı sağlayan çevreci bir enerji taşıyıcısı olan hidrojenin, sodyum borhidrür (NaBH4) çözeltisinin hidrolizi yoluyla elde edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, karabaş otu ekstraktı destekli Co–Zn–B nanomalzemeleri, yeşil sentez ve kimyasal indirgeme tekniklerinin birlikte uygulanmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Üretilen malzemelerin yapısal ve morfolojik özellikleri BET, XRD, FT-IR ve SEM–EDX yöntemleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Reaksiyon sıcaklığı, katalizör miktarı ile NaBH4 ve NaOH derişimleri gibi parametrelerin hidrojen üretim hızı üzerindeki etkileri sistematik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Zn/Co mol oranı 1:4 olarak belirlenmiş ve optimum koşullarda (%5 NaOH, %1 NaBH4, 0.02 g katalizör ve 30 °C) hidrojen üretim hızı 5675 mL dak-1 g-1, aktivasyon enerjisi ise 18.49 kJ mol-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, katalizörün dayanıklılığı, yeniden kullanılabilirliği ve farklı sıcaklıklardaki kinetik davranışı da incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Co–Zn–B nanokompozitlerinin sürdürülebilir hidrojen üretimi açısından yüksek bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Bu çalışma, ham nar kabuğu (RPP), nar kabuğu biyokömürü (BPP) ve nar kabuğu bazlı aktif karbonun (PPAC) sulu çözeltilerden Cr³⁺ iyonlarının uzaklaştırılmasındaki adsorpsiyon performansını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre Cr³⁺ giderimi için optimum koşullar; 250 mg/L başlangıç konsantrasyonu, 120 dakika temas süresi ve pH 5.31 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm deneyler 25 mL çözelti hacminde gerçekleştirilmiş olup, adsorbent dozajları sırasıyla RPP için 0.10 g, BPP için 0.05 g ve PPAC için 0.02 g olarak uygulanmıştır.298 K sıcaklıkta yürütülen adsorpsiyon çalışmalarında maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri RPP, BPP ve PPAC için sırasıyla38,61 mg/g, 96,15 mg/g ve 243,90 mg/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Piroliz işlemi sonucunda artan yüzey alanı ve gelişmiş gözenek yapısı, BPP’nin ham nar kabuğuna kıyasla daha yüksek adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sergilemesini sağlamıştır. Aktif karbon formu olan PPAC ise daha gelişmiş porozite yapısı ve yüzey fonksiyonel gruplarındaki zenginleşme nedeniyle en yüksek adsorpsiyon kapasitesine ulaşmış ve en etkin adsorbent olarak öne çıkmıştır.Kinetik modelleme sonuçları, tüm adsorbentler için Cr³⁺ gideriminin yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modele uygun olduğunu ve sürecin kimyasal adsorpsiyon mekanizması tarafından kontrol edildiğini göstermiştir. Termodinamik analizler ise adsorpsiyon sürecinin endotermik karakterde olduğunu ve kendiliğinden gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur.Elde edilen bulgular, nar kabuğu türevli adsorbentlerin özellikle PPAC formunun, Cr³⁺ içeren sulu ortamlardan ağır metal giderimi için düşük maliyetli, sürdürülebilir ve yüksek verimli alternatifler sunduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
Catalysis is the most effective method for removing pollution in water resources caused by chemically stable aromatic organic dyes widely used in industrial processes. The use of catalysts that can be prepared by low-costing and simple methods using recyclable natural materials or wastes is important for sustainability. In the presented study, Thymus (thyme) plant aqueous extract was used directly for the stabilization of Ag+ ions without the need for adsorption on any inorganic support material, and then Ag0 nanoparticles were obtained by bioreduction with the natural components contained in the plant extract. The use of Thymus extract stabilized Ag0 nanoparticles, prepared economically and practically by the green method, as catalysts in the reduction of 4-NP dye substrate was investigated. It was observed that the Thymus extract stabilized Ag0 nanoparticle catalyst, which is a particularly ecologically friendly substitute due to its low metal content, catalyzed the reduction reaction of 4-NP substrate with 98% conversion in 5 minutes. The catalytic efficiency of Thymus extract stabilized Ag0 nanoparticles on 4-NP, RhB and MB multi-dye mixture was also investigated and it was observed that they successfully catalyzed without any competition/selectivity.
In this research, the adsorption efficiency of nitric acid (HNO₃)-modified kaolin (MK) clay for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was examined. The influence of key operational parameters, including contact time and the initial concentration of MB, on the adsorption performance was systematically studied. Experimental findings indicated that the optimal conditions for MB elimination were achieved at an initial dye concentration of 350 mg/L and a contact duration of 80 minutes. Structural and compositional alterations on the adsorbent surface before and after adsorption were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The adsorption data were found to be consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that both chemisorption and irreversible interactions played a role in the process. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB were determined to be 32.26, 34.13, and 35.46 mg/g at 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. Kinetic modeling demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Overall, the study highlights that modified kaolin is a promising, low-cost, and efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater.
Farklı mühendislik yapıları, farklı özelliklere sahip zeminlerle etkileşim hâlinde olduğundan, yapı güvenliğinin sağlanabilmesi için zemin parametrelerinin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Zemin koşullarının amaca uygun olmaması durumunda, zeminler çeşitli iyileştirme yöntemleri kullanılarak proje gereksinimlerine uygun hâle getirilmektedir. Ancak iyileştirilmiş zeminlerin mühendislik özellikleri, zaman içerisinde çevresel ve iklimsel etkiler nedeniyle değişime uğrayabilmektedir. Özellikle sıcaklık dalgalanmaları, su muhtevasındaki değişimler, donma–çözülme döngüleri, şişme–büzülme davranışı ve don kabarması, zemin mukavemetinde önemli azalmalara neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul ili sınırları içerisinde bir inşaat projesinde dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılan düşük plastisiteli çakıllı-kumlu–siltli–killi bir zemin kullanılmıştır. Araziden alınan zemin numunelerinin fiziksel özellikleri laboratuvar ortamında belirlenmiştir. Tüm deney numuneleri, laboratuvar koşullarında optimum su muhtevasında hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde Kaliforniya Taşıma Oranı ve direkt kesme kutusu deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Donma–çözülme etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla, aynı koşullarda hazırlanan numuneler 10 donma–çözülme döngüsüne tabi tutulmuş ve bu süreç sonunda zeminin mukavemetindeki değişimler belirlenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, katkısız numunelerde donma–çözülme döngüleri sonrasında mukavemet kayıplarının yaklaşık %40 seviyelerine ulaştığını göstermiştir. Bu olumsuz etkinin azaltılması amacıyla zemin, optimum su muhtevasında kuru zemin ağırlığının %5’i oranında CaO ve MgO ilavesiyle ayrı ayrı iyileştirilmiştir. Her iki katkı maddesinin kullanılması, donma–çözülme uygulanmayan koşullarda zeminin mukavemetini iki kattan fazla artırmıştır. Donma–çözülme döngüleri sonrasında katkılı numunelerde de mukavemet kayıpları gözlenmekle birlikte, bu numunelerin nihai mukavemet değerlerinin katkısız zeminin başlangıç durumundaki mukavemetinden daha yüksek kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, CaO ve MgO ile zemin iyileştirmenin donma–çözülme etkilerine karşı zemin mukavemetinin korunmasında etkili bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is widely used instrumental technique in pharmaceutical analysis. In this study, three pharmaceuitcal active ingredients representing different clinical and therapeutic classes (diflunisal, diltiazem and hydroxyzine) were investigated using regional spectral descriptors, multivariate analysis and Monte Carlo robustness modeling. Absorbance values of the drugs were calculated over predefined three diffrenet spectral regions and descriptors were derived to structural discrimination. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the first two components explained more than 92% of the total variance, and that discrimination was particularly observed in the 1210–1220 cm-1 and 1670–1680 cm-1 bands. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using FTIR data as input, and the obtained results revealed that the metrics were highly stable. Coefficient of Variation (CV) values for total AUC remained below 0.03%, centroid variability was below 0.01% and spectral correlation coefficients were found 0.9999. Descriptor components showed variability at analytically acceptable levels (CV < 0.12%). The obtained findings demonstrate that quantitative FTIR band integration combined with simulation-based robustness evaluation provides a rapid and accessible analytical screening approach for pharmaceutical quality assurance. With this method, robustness evaluation of different drugs can be simulated using analytical data, and its applicability to other pharmaceuticals has been demonstrated.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in regenerative medicine due to their multifaceted potential and immunomodulatory effects. This study investigates molecular heterogeneity between bone marrow-derived (BM-MSC) and umbilical cord blood-derived (UCB-MSC) sources using an integrative bioinformatics approach on the GSE6029 dataset. The analysis identified 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 374 of these were upregulated in UCB-MSCs and 365 in BM-MSCs. UCB-MSCs exhibited a rich transcriptomic profile in terms of RNA processing, proteasome, and spliceosome pathways, controlled by key genes such as MYC and HSPA4. In contrast, BM-MSCs showed significant enrichment in PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interactions, and constitutive development. At the heart of this enrichment were the COL4A1 and MET genes. Post-transcriptional mapping identified miR-20b-5p as a key regulator in UCB-MSCs, while miR-15a-5p and miR-26a-5p were dominant in the BM-MSC regulatory network. These findings demonstrate that UCB-MSCs are molecularly specialized for rapid proliferation and immunomodulation, while BM-MSCs are optimized for structural integration and orthopedic repair. This study provides a strategic framework for resource selection and emphasizes that MSC selection should be tailored to the specific pathological requirements of clinical practice.
Güneş benzeri titreşimler gösteren evrimleşmiş yıldızlarda gözlenen karma modlar sayesinde yıldızların çekirdek bölgeleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olunabilir. Bunun nedeni, bu tür titreşimlerin yıldızın merkezinde g-modu, yüzey katmanlarında ise p-modu karakteri göstermesidir. Bu titreşimlerin modelleme ve gözlemsel analizleri yoluyla evrimleşmiş yıldızların çekirdeklerindeki helyum bolluğu hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler elde edilebilir.Bu kapsamda, evrimleşmiş ve oldukça yaşlı bir yıldız olan KIC 7341231 seçilmiştir. Yıldızın temel parametrelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla MESA evrim kodu kullanılarak yıldız modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Modeller, yıldızın hem asterosismik hem de asterosismik olmayan gözlemsel parametrelerini en iyi şekilde temsil edecek biçimde optimize edilmiştir.Yıldızın kütlesi ve yarıçapı sırasıyla 0.79 M☉ ve 2.62 R☉ olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yıldızın yaşı modeller aracılığıyla 11.87 Gyr olarak elde edilmiştir. Son olarak, karma modların analizinde geliştirilen dn1 parametresi kullanılarak bu yıldızın merkezindeki helyum çekirdeğin özellikleri ilk kez bu çalışmada belirlenmiştir.
We investigate wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (H-λ)u=f(x,u) on a locally finite weighted graph, where H is the associated Schrödinger operator. The central hypothesis is a tail summability condition 1/V∈l_m^1 (V) on the effective potential V, which, together with canonical compactifiability of the graph, yields a compact Sobolev-type embedding E↪lᵖₘ(V) for the full range 1≤p0 and is strictly incomparable with the measure-theoretic potential conditions in the existing literature, thereby covering a genuinely broader class of weighted graphs. Under the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz superlinearity condition on f, we establish the Palais–Smale condition for the associated energy functional for every λ∈R and verify the linking geometry through a spectral decomposition of the energy space. An application of the Linking theorem then yields at least one nontrivial solution for every value of the spectral parameter. When the nonlinearity is additionally odd, the Symmetric Mountain Pass Theorem produces infinitely many pairs of solutions.
Dünyada en önemli can ve mal kaybına neden olan afetlerin başında kaya düşmeleri gelmektedir. Bu kayıplara ek olarak tarihi ve kültürel miras alanlarında meydana gelen taş düşmesi afet olaylarında kültürel ve ekonomik kayıplar da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ülkelerin kültürel miras varlıklarını korumak, bölgedeki halkın ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve ziyaretçilerin can ve mal kaybının önüne geçmek için bu potansiyel afet alanlarının belirlenmesi önemli bir husustur. Dünyada ve ülkemizde çok önemli bir yere sahip olan Aksaray ili Ihlara vadisi kaya oyma yapılardan oluşan hem tarihi hem de doğal bir turizm alanıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında insansız hava aracı (İHA) kullanarak, arazinin sayısal yüzey modeli (SYM) ve ortofotosu oluşturulmuş, yersel ölçmeler ile desteklenerek potansiyel kaya düşmesi alanları belirlenerek simüle edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile arazinin 3B modelinin İHA kullanarak üretilebileceği ve potansiyel kaya düşme alanlarının kısa sürede ve yüksek hassasiyette belirlenebileceği görülmüştür.
This study analyses population data of Afyonkarahisar covering the 1982–2024 period to generate and validate a forecast for the year 2025 using three statistical modelling approaches: linear regression, second-order polynomial regression, and the ARIMA(1,1,0) time series model. These models were selected to capture both long-term trend behaviour and temporal dynamics within the population series. Model performances were evaluated using error metrics including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The polynomial regression model achieved the highest historical fit (RMSE = 4,607; MAE = 3,121; R² ≈ 0.993), while the linear regression model provided stable trend representation (RMSE = 11,569; MAE = 10,656; R² ≈ 0.961). The ARIMA model demonstrated balanced short-term forecasting capability (RMSE = 6,482; MAE = 5,476; R² ≈ 0.942). To assess real-world predictive accuracy, model outputs were compared with the actual 2025 population value. The ARIMA model exhibited the lowest deviation (0.28%), followed by linear regression (2.03%), whereas the polynomial model showed higher projection error (7.74%). The results confirm that no single model fully captures all characteristics of population behaviour; instead, a multi-model framework provides a more reliable and interpretable forecasting structure. The projected population range of approximately 255,000–260,000 individuals is consistent with observed trends and supports evidence-based regional planning.
Recently, phthalocyanines have attracted attention for therapeutic applications due to their notable biological activities, particularly their efficient interactions with DNA. This study presents the synthesis of a novel flourine-containing phthalonitrile and its cobalt (II) phthalocyanine derivative (CoPc). Structural characterization of the newly synthesized compounds was performed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF and UV-vis spectroscopy. The interaction between CoPc and DNA was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry at 37°C and 65°C. Increasing DNA concentration decreased absorbance intensity and induced a bathochromic shift, indicating that the phthalocyanine interacted with DNA via non-covalent mechanisms, such as intercalation and electrostatic attraction. The binding mode was further analyzed by determining the thermodynamic parameters (ΔSo > 0, ΔHo > 0, and ΔGo < 0). The positive values of ΔSo and ΔHo indicate the favorable interaction at higher temperatures. Also, the negative value of ΔGo confirms that the DNA-CoPc interaction is spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. Thus, CoPc is a promising candidate for medical applications.
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) quantum dots represent a class of nanomaterials whose functional properties are strongly influenced by particle size and dispersion state. Despite advances in synthesis routes, their microscopic evaluation remains problematic because intense surface energy driven agglomeration often obscures primary particle features. In this work, anatase TiO₂ quantum dots were produced using a sol gel reflux condensation approach, and the role of post synthesis processing on SEM and AFM image quality was systematically examined. Structural and compositional verification was carried out using X ray diffraction and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy, while morphological assessment relied on scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Diffraction analysis verified the exclusive formation of the anatase phase, whereas compositional measurements demonstrated that thermal treatment at 450 °C is required to eliminate residual organic species and restore stoichiometric TiO₂. To address agglomeration during imaging, multiple sample preparation strategies combining mechanical size reduction and solvent assisted dispersion were evaluated. Water based dispersions resulted in pronounced re aggregation during drying, while nonpolar solvents generated surface artifacts that compromised image interpretation. In contrast, ultrasonic dispersion in ethanol following calcination produced the most uniform particle distribution. This protocol enabled consistent visualization of sub 10 nm crystallites assembled into nanoscale clusters and yielded reliable height measurements by AFM. The findings establish a practical preparation strategy for high resolution microscopic analysis of agglomeration prone oxide nanomaterials.
In the field of Additive Manufacturing (AM), various interlocking methods are used for the detachable assembly of multi-component materials. Although the T-Joint is a widely used interlocking method, the appropriate geometric parameters for this shape are unknown. In this study, the interlocking of multi-component materials produced by AM using T-shaped connecting elements and the optimization of the geometric parameters that constitute them were performed using Response Surface Methodology. A tensile test was simulated using Ansys finite element software, and the von Mises equivalent stress values at the interlocking interfaces of the specimens were examined. Five input parameters and one output parameter, the maximum von Mises equivalent stress value, were determined for RSM optimization. Prior to RSM optimization, a design of experiment was created, and the Box-Benken experimental design method was selected. During the RSM optimization process, the most effective parameters in terms of maximum von Mises equivalent stress were found to be M1P2, M1A1, M1P1, M1A2, and M1P3, respectively. This study has identified more effective and stable geometric interlocking mechanisms. This work provides an important foundation for the optimization of future parametric connection types. However, the findings should be validated through experimental studies, and the optimization process should be expanded to include different material combinations.
Bu çalışmada, atom sayısı 55 olan iki ikosahedral nanoparçacık yapıyı çarpıştırarak toplam atom sayısı 110 olan Ag-Co nanoparçacıklarının sinterlenmesi süreci ele alınmıştır. Ag-Co nanoparçacıkları için üç farklı kompozisyon sistemi (Ag55Co55, Ag97Co13 ve Ag42Co68) ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen nanoparçacıklar, Moleküler Dinamik (MD) simülasyonları ile sıcaklığa bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sıcaklığın sinterlenme sürecindeki etkisi dört farklı sıcaklık (350, 400, 450 ve 500 K) için araştırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçları, sinterlenme süreci sonunda elde edilen konfigürasyonların yapılarının başlangıçtaki nanoparçacıkların kompozisyonlarına önemli derecede bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen ikili metal yapılar içerisindeki Ag ve Co atomlarının kimyasal dizilimleri ve yerleşme eğilimleri jirasyon yarıçapı hesabı ile detaylandırılmıştır. Ag atomlarının zamana bağlı jirasyon yarıçap değerleri 10 ns sonunda tüm sıcaklıklar için Co atomlarının jirasyon yarıçapı değerlerinden daha yüksektir. Bu sonuç ele alınan kompozisyonlardan bağımsız olarak sinterlenme işlemi sonrası Ag atomlarının yüzeyde ve Co atomlarının iç kısımlarda bulunma eğilimini gösterir. Ayrıca Ag55Co55, Ag97Co13 ve Ag42Co68 nanoparçacıklarının jirasyon yarıçapı değerlerinin hızla azalması, birkaç simülasyon adımı içinde yapıların kompakt hale geldiğini gösterir.
Although every product produced on a lathe is subjected to parting off operation at least once, there has been almost no study on this operation. In this study, Ti6Al4V alloy, which is difficult to machine, was chosen as the work piece material to investigate the parting off operation in a confined space. The effects of different cooling conditions (dry cutting and conventional cooling), different cutting speeds (30 and 50 m/min) and different feeds (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mm/rev) on surface roughness (Ra), tool wear (Vb) and chip morphology were investigated. In the experiments, it was observed that coolant application is much more vital than in open machining operations, especially in terms of tool wear, with improvements of up to 90%. The increase in cutting speed had a negative effect on Ra, but not a positive one, in contrast to open-machining operations. The increase in feeds increased Ra and Vb values, similar to the open-machining operations. In addition, the increase in feeds resulted in a shorter and more controllable chip form. These results show that machinability studies should not be limited to open-machining operations such as turning and facing, which are easy to implement. It is thought that solving the many problems encountered due to the nature of the process in confined space operations with very different and challenging conditions will add a new dimension to the studies on machinability.
Mountainous regions are of particular interest as areas of high biological diversity. In this study, the plant species richness and diversity were measured in the Sultan Mountains, which are designated as Important Nature Areas and Important Plant Areas in Turkey but have no protection status. The diversity values in a local mountainous area were determined. The alpha (α-diversity) and beta (β-diversity) diversity indices were utilised to ascertain the plant species richness and diversity in the Sultan Mountains. The mountainous region was subdivided into 95 main sample and 380 sub-sample areas for the study. The analysis employed the Menhinick and Shannon-Weiner (H') diversity index, an alpha diversity index, and the βc index, a beta diversity index, to ascertain the disparities between these regions. The field studies yielded the identification of 62 families, 216 genera, and 414 taxa. The most prevalent plant taxa were identified within the Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae families. The genera with the highest number of taxa are Astragalus sp., Hypericum sp. and Linum sp. Among the index values, the Menhinick index values vary between 0.43 and 1.61, while the Shannon-Weiner index (H') varies between 1.92 and 3.65. According to the βc analysis, the beta values vary between 2.5 and 31. However, it was found that the northern and eastern parts of the mountainous area exhibited a significantly higher level of diversity compared to the other areas.
Optical communication technologies in atmospheric layers for non-terrestrial communication applications in 6G communication systems are vital to achieving high data rate capacity. In this context, the use of optical communication systems using the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is being investigated. In this study, it has been theoretically shown that a 100-channel DWDM hybrid FSO-Fiber optic communication system with 0.21 nm (~26.9 GHz) channel spacing can offer better communication performance compared to 25 GHz and 50 GHz spacing systems. Additionally, a 20 Gbps backhaul link can be realized using high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) for distances longer than 50 km, as shown in the proposed model.
Worldwide, dye pollution in the air, water, and soil caused by industrial activity leads to severe environmental issues. In this work, a novel polymeric adsorbent for methyl orange (MO) removal from aqueous solutions is synthesized and evaluated. First, the N-(L-phenylalanine)acrylamide (PAA) monomer was prepared from L-phenylalanine and acryloyl chloride, and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR analysis. Then, a crosslinked poly(PAA-co-Styrene-co-EGDMA) copolymer was obtained by radical polymerization of PAA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and styrene. Solid-state NMR, FTIR, BET, and elemental analysis were used for characterization. Finally, the poly(PAA-co-Styrene-co-EGDMA) copolymer served as an adsorbent for MO removal. Several factors affecting adsorption efficiency, including adsorbent dose, initial MO concentration, contact time, and pH, were investigated. Optimal parameters were 0.05 g adsorbent, 200 mg/L initial concentration, 80 min contact time, and pH 3. The maximum adsorption capacity was 138.89 mg/g at 25 °C. Kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, with the highest regression coefficients and theoretical capacities close to experimental values, best described the adsorption process.
Nanotechnology is related to nanoparticles with sizes between 1-100 nm. With the increasing technology, the usage areas of nanoparticles are rapidly spreading and today they are encountered in different areas from medicine to food industry, from textile to drug development studies. Although there are different synthesis techniques of nanoparticles, it is more preferred to obtain them through green synthesis as it is a reliable and environmentally friendly method. Within the scope of the project, the behavioral toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles, which were previously obtained and characterized by green synthesis with Sideritis akmanii plant, an endemic species and known as mountain tea among the public, was investigated on a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. In the evaluation of behavioral toxicity; parameters such as larval weight, larval crawling, pupa formation success, pupa position test and life span were used. In all studies, nanoparticle concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml were applied and the obtained data were evaluated statistically. According to the experimental results, a decrease in larval weight was detected due to the increase in concentration and this decrease was significant for the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml when compared to the control group statistically. The changes in larval crawling, exit success and lifespan were found to be statistically significant in the 5 mg/ml application for all three experiments when compared to the control group. As a result, in the light of all these data obtained, it was determined that ZnO nanoparticles caused behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster.
