[Objective]This study aimed to explore the population pattern characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Guanshan National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province.[Method]Based on the investigation data of the dynamic monitoring sample plot of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Guanshan(12 hm2),Jiangxi Province,the distribution pattern,intergenerational relationship and interspecific relationship of dominant species in the sample plot were analyzed,according to the coordinate information of tree points.[Result](1)The dominant species were mainly concentrated,and 90%of the species were concentrated within 25 m,but with the increase of the scale,the tree species gradually turned to random distribution;(2)Among the dominant tree species,the large trees of most evergreen tree species were positively correlated with small trees,such as Daphniphyllum oldhamii and Schima superba;while,the large trees and small trees of deciduous species were negatively correlated,such as Alniphyllum fortunei and Choerospondias axillaris;(3)The dominant species mainly existed in the form of negative correlation,and only 5 species pairs were found to be positively correlated.[Conclusion]The community is still in the early stage of development,the dominant species are mainly concentrated and distributed,and the interspecific competition is fierce.
[Objective]Cryptosporidium,Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp.are three common parasites,which inhabit in the intestines of humans,domestic animals,and wildlife,primarily causing diarrhea in human and animals.This experiment aimed to investigate the epidemiological status and identify their genotypes of three parasites among captive animals in Nanchang Zoo,and provide references for the prevention and treatment of intestinal parasitic diseases in wild animals.[Method]A total of 42 fecal samples were collected from captive animals including non-human primates,ungulates,perissodactyls,elephants,marsupials,birds,and carnivores in Nanchang Zoo.Total DNA was extracted from the fecal samples,and a PCR assay was employed to amplify the small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rRNA)gene of Cryptosporidium,the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region of E.bieneusi,and the SSU rRNA gene of Blastocystis sp..Positive amplicons were sequenced,aligned,and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to determine the infection status and genotypes/subtypes of these three intestinal parasites.[Result]The results indicated that 17 out of 42 fecal samples were positive by PCR,with a total infection rate of 40.5%(17/42).The infection rates of Cryptosporidium,E.bieneusi,and Blastocystis sp.were 2.4%(1/42),14.3%(6/42),and 23.8%(10/42),respectively.Among the detected animals,the positivity rates were as follows:non-human primates 64.7%(11/17),ungulates 23.5%(4/17),perissodactyls 5.9%(1/17),and marsupials 5.9%(1/17).Furthermore,mixed infections of E.bieneusi and Blastocystis sp.were observed in non-human primates.Through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,one Cryptosporidium genotype(Cryptosporidium sp.apodemus genotype Ⅱ)was identified in ponies,and two E.bieneusi genotypes(D,ALP1)were identified in gibbons,golden snub-nosed monkeys,rhesus monkeys,red-tailed langurs,and alpacas.Five Blastocystis sp.subtypes(ST1,ST2,ST5,ST13,and ST14)were identified in squirrel monkeys,black-and-white colobus monkeys,rhesus monkeys,black leaf monkeys,golden snub-nosed monkeys,antelopes,and kangaroos.Notably,the genotypes ST1,ST5,D,and ALP1 are known as zoonotic genotypes.[Conclusion]Captive animals in Nanchang Zoo were infected with Cryptosporidium,E.bieneusi and Blastocystis sp..The zoonotic genotypes are identified from E.bieneusi and Blastocystis sp.,which have a potential transmission risk.This underscores the need for enhanced monitoring of intestinal protozoa in captive animals,and the implementation of deworming,disinfection,and preventive measures against zoonotic transmission within the zoo setting.
[Objective]To establish a method for rapid detection of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV)and study the function of P7-2 gene,it is necessary to prepare specific antiserum of P7-2.[Method]The P7-2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the rice leaves infected with SRBSDV.The purified PCR fragment of P7-2 gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pDEST17 to obtain the recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pDEST17-P7-2 by Gateway recombinant technology.Then the recombinant vector was transformed into E.coli Rosetta cells,which was induced by IPTG to express the protein and optimize the induced expression conditions.[Result]Sequence of the 930 bp SRBSDV P7-2 was amplified by RT PCR.The sequencing results showed that the prokaryotic expression vector pDEST17-P7-2 was obtained.The positive prokaryotic expression of E.coli Rosetta strains was identified by PCR.A large number of 42 kDa HIS6-tag fusion protein was obtained with the induction of 0.1 mmol/L IPTG from E.coli Rosetta cells for 8 h when the temperature was 28℃.[Conclusion]SRBSDV P7-2 gene was obtained and its protein was induced successfully under the optimal conditions,which laid a foundation for the detection and prediction of SRBSDV in the field as well as for the function study of SRBSDV P7-2.
[Objective]The long-term and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides has led to the resistance of Spodoptera litura to insecticides such as pyrethroids and available phosphorus.Bufenitrile is a pyrrole insecticide with a wide insecticidal spectrum,high control effects,good persistence,and safety,making its use more and more widespread.[Method]This study used the leaf soaking method to determine the toxicity of imidacloprid to the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura.Different carriers were used to treat the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura with sublethal doses of LC10 and LC30,and the effects of larval weight,pupation rates,pupal weight,and female ratios were recorded.[Result]The pupation rates and female ratios were significantly reduced.The growth and development of the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid were severely inhibited,mainly manifested in a significant decrease in larval body mass,pupation rates and female ratios,and a significant reduction in pupal weight.[Conclusion]Imidacloprid has a good effect on the control of Spodoptera litura,and the control should be done in the early larval stage.The research results can provide scientific basis for guiding the rational application of imidacloprid to prevent and control pests such as Spodoptera litura.
Food microorganisms are one of the important factors affecting food safety.The adoption of new rapid detection methods to promptly identify food safety hazards and then to take corresponding measures can help improve the efficiency of food safety supervision and ensure food safety.Flow cytometry can be used for multi-parameter qualitative and quantitative analyses of food microorganisms,such as distinguishing between the dead and alive,counting,and population identification.It provides a new approach to solve the problems of insufficient timeliness,difficulty in distinguishing between the dead and alive,and inability to detect non cultured microorganisms in the plate detection methods.This article provides a summary of the research and application of flow cytometry in the field of food microbiology detection.It also provides a detailed introduction to the experimental process,key influencing factors,and research progress of flow cytometry detection.Besides,it explores and analyzes the problems existing in the application of this method,in order to provide strategies for the widespread application of flow cytometry in the field of food microbiology detection,so as to ensure food safety.
[Objective]This study was conducted to clarify the control efficacy of nine biotic pesticides against Spodoptera litura,so as to provide information for selecting safe and efficient biotic pesticides to control this pest.[Method]The indoor toxicity and field control efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus,Veratridine Acaricide,Nicotine Matrine Insecticide,Methionitrile Insecticide,Avermectin Insecticide,Azadirachtin Insecticide,Matrine Insecticide,Rotenone Insecticide and Bacillus Thuringiensis Methionine against Spodoptera litura were determined by indoor immersion and field spray methods in tobacco areas in Jiangxi.[Result]The indoor testing showed that,after adopting the above nine biotic pesticides,the corrected mortality rate of Spodoptera litura exceeded 85%on the 10th day,and the rate exceeded 90%on the 10th day after the treatment of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus,Veratridine Acaricide,Methionitrile,Avermectin,Azadirachtin and Bacillus Thuringiensis Methionine.Nine biotic pesticides could all control Spodoptera litura effectively.The corrected control efficacy of Methoxyfenitrile,Avermectin,Azadirachtin and Bacillus Thuringiensis against Spodoptera litura reached 70.85%,71.84%,75.78%and 73.81%,respectively,on the 15th day after spraying in tobacco field.No visible symptoms of pesticide damage occurred on the buds,leaves and stems of tobacco when these biotic pesticides were sprayed during the growth period of tobacco.[Conclusion]The nine biotic pesticides tested are all effective when fighting against Spodoptera litura.Comparitively,Methotrexate,Avermectin,Azadirachtin and Bacillus Thuringiensis have much higher efficiency in field control.
Focusing on the urgent need of innovation talents for the rural revitalization strategy and the construction of New Agricultural Sciences,this study addresses the issues related to the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship competence of veterinary medicine majors.The objective is to guide the development of students'awareness and competence in innovation,entrepreneurship,researches,and social practice.It's been achieved through the integration and collaborative interaction of"specialized course learning and scientific research training,innovation and entrepreneurship courses and innovation competitions,as well as on-campus and off-campus practical bases and industry enterprise practices".It has formed a three-in-one model for cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial competence among professionals majoring in the field of veterinary medicine,encompassing"innovation competitions,research training,and social practice".Practical evidences have shown that the model can effectively promote the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneur competence among professionals majoring in the field of veterinary medicine,leading to a significant improvement in the quality of higher education.
[Objective]To screen biocontrol fungi of Digitaria sanguinalis and explore the potential of its application in weed biological control.[Method]The biocontrol strains with strong pathogenicity to Digitaria sanguinalis were isolated from naturally diseased plants by tissue isolation method,and their taxonomic status was determined by morphological observation,sequence homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis of ITS,β-Tubulin and EF-1α gene.Biological characteristics of the biocontrol fungi was determined by single factor test.Infection effect on several common weeds and safety to common crops were also determined by whole plant bioassay.[Result]The isolated Digitaria sanguinalis biocontrol fungi named MA4 was identified as Fusarium fujikuroi.The most suitable media for MA4 growth were PDA and PSA.The most suitable culture conditions for MA4 growth and spore production were temperature of 28-30℃,pH of 6.0-8.0 and dark culture.Fusarium fujikuroi MA4 had good control effect on Digitaria sanguinalis,the fresh weight control effect was 91.4%,and the fresh weight inhibition rates of Alopecurus aequalis,Setaria viridis and Aster subulatus were 63.8%,80.6%and 69.4%,respectively.Fusarium fujikuroi MA4 is relatively safe to dicotyledonous crops.[Conclusion]Fusarium fujikuroi MA4 strain has good control effect on grasses such as Digitaria sanguinalis and is safe to dicot crops,and it has great potential to be developed into a biological herbicide.
Veterinary Biologicalogy is one of the indispensable courses in the education and teaching of undergraduate students majoring in animal pharmacy and animal medicine in the higher agricultural colleges of China.Under the background of New Agricultural Sciences,based on the third edition of Veterinary Biologicalogy and also on the needs of curriculum construction,as well as taking the starting point of"cultivating virtues and people,strengthening and rejuvenating agriculture",this study carried out the optimization and innovative reform in the aspects of curriculum ideology,teaching contents and models,reconstruction of teaching field bases,improving the quality of teachers,and establishing teaching feedback mechanism,etc.The training of new agricultural talents is closely in line with the needs of the rural revitalization talent market and the practical needs of the national development,aiming at providing references for the training of animal pharmaceutical composite talents with rich knowledge of veterinary biological products and strong practical competence.
Food Nutrition is a compulsory course for both majors of"Food Quality and Food Safety"and"Food Science and Engineering".It has some strong characteristics,including scientificity,sociality and applicability.At present,nutrition and health are getting more and more attention at both individual and national levels.However,the quantity and quality of relevant professionals still need to be improved.In this paper,the teaching status and main existing problems of Food nutrition in Jiangxi Agricultural University were analyzed,and then active reforms about the teaching mode,curriculum assessment,practical teaching were also explored.After that,our reforms aim to provide a reference for the course construction of Food nutrition and food professional personnel training under the new situation.
[Objective]Tobacco black shank is a soil-borne disease caused by fugal pathogens of Phytophthora nicotianae,typically infecting the roots and stems of tobacco plants and causing serious economic losses to the global tobacco industries.Therefore,recombinant strains overexpressing TasA were constructed to reveal the inhibitory effect of TasA on tobacco black shank.Moreover,the heterologous expression level of TasA was altered to improve its inhibitory effects.[Method]The TasA gene of B.subtilis was PCR amplified and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)strain.The inhibitory effect of TasA protein on tobacco black shank was studied by using P.nicotianae as a pathogen indicator.In addition,the inhibitory effect of TasA under different expression levels was also studied by cloning TasA gene into three vectors with different copy numbers.[Result]Three recombinant E.coli strains(pACYC-TasA,pCDF-TasA,and pT7473-TasA strain)were successfully constructed.SDS-PAGE results revealed that TasA protein was overexpressed in all recombinant strains and its molecular weight was around 35 ku.The mycelial inhibition rate of P.nicotianae in pACYC-TasA,pCDF-TasA,and pT7473-TasA strain was 14.85%,25.55%,and 13.45%,respectively.[Conclusion]TasA protein shows a significant inhibitory effect on tobacco black shank,and recombinant strains overexpressing recombinant plasmid of pCDF-TasA exhibit the best inhibitory effect on tobacco black shank.
[Objective]Rice is one of the most important food crops.The rice stem borers,rice leaf roller,rice planthopper,rice blast and sheath blight,all have significant influence on the rice production.This study was conducted to evaluate the contribution rate of the management of rice diseases and insect pests.[Method]In this study,three villages and towns were selected as representative sample sites,respectively.Taking no control of rice pests and diseases as control references,six management experiments of rice diseases and insect pests were carried out,i.e.,scientific control,unified pest prevention and control,farmers'self-control,no control of rice plant diseases,and no control of rice insect pests,etc.,to analyze the contribution rate of the management of rice diseases and insect pests.[Result]The results showed that the contribution rates of 5 different treatments were 38.60%,28.97%,27.16%,17.84%and 22.73%,respectively.Combined with the statistical areas and regions of low level,moderate level and outbreak occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests in Wan'an County in 2022,their contribution rates were 19.96%,21.59%and 26.01%,respectively.The total plant protection contribution rate of the control of rice diseases and pests in the whole county was 22.19%.[Conclusion]The results of this study have the theoretical significance and practical guiding value for evaluating the pest control and pesticide management measures of rice pests and diseases.
[Objective]Aeolian sandy soil is a young soil developed from aeolian sandy parent material,with low fertility and weak ability to retain water and fertilizer.Using modifiers to improve the fertility of aeolian sandy soil is a rapid means to transform it into farmland.Effects of different modifying materials on the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil and on the crop growth were studied as the basis for the development of soil amendment materials.[Method]In this study,aeolian sandy soil and Cyperus esculentus were used as the research objects,and five kinds of amendments,such as organic fertilizer,biochar,phosphate rock powder,polyglutamic acid and humic acid,were used for pot experiments.[Result]Results showed that biochar caused the greatest increase in leaf length and chlorophyll contents of Cyperus esculentus,which were 60.67 cm and 76.70,respectively.Polyglutamic acid brought the greatest increase in the tiller number of Cyperus esculentus,reaching 12.In addition,the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil changed significantly under the treatment of different modifiers.Organic fertilizer treatment had the best effects on the increase of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in sandy soil,which were 5.77 g/kg,158.60 mg/kg and 277.27 mg/kg,respectively.Humic acid treatment had the best effect on the increase of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents and soil cation exchange capacity of aeolian sandy soil,which were 34.53 mg/kg and 3.33 cmol/kg,respectively.[Conclusion]Among different amendments,biochar had the best effect on the growth of Cyperus esculentus,but organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of available nutrient contents in aeolian sandy soil.
[Objective]This study was conducted to explore the population characteristics and interspecific association of Nothotsuga longibracteata in Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the monitoring and protection of rare and relict plants there.[Method]According to the results of preliminary investigation,concentrated distribution areas of Nothotsuga longibracteata was selected in Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province,and 15 fixed plots of 40 m×40 m Nothotsuga longibracteata community were established to analyze the population and interspecific association of Nothotsuga longibracteata.[Result](1)The number of Nothotsuga longibracteata individuals decreased with the increase of age class,and the age structure was a kind of'pyramid'type;(2)There were three death peaks of Nothotsuga longibracteata in Ⅱ,Ⅶ and Ⅻ age classes;(3)The dominant tree species of Nothotsuga longibracteata community were significantly positively correlated.Nothotsuga longibracteata was significantly positively correlated with Cunninghamia lanceolata,and significantly negatively correlated with Exbucklandia tonkinensis and Stewartia crassifolia.[Conclusion]The Nothotsuga longibracteata population in the protection area of Qiyunshan Mountain showed an increasing trend,but the population survival pressure is large.Corresponding intervention measures should be taken in advance to prevent the future population decline.There is a significant positive correlation between the main species of Nothotsuga longibracteata community.In the process of protection,it is necessary to pay attention to the species negatively correlated with Nothotsuga longibracteata,and appropriate human intervention can be carried out to prevent the excessive growth of these species from causing difficulties in the natural regeneration of Nothotsuga longibracteata.
The main task of higher engineering education is to improve students'engineering practice and innovation ability under the background of New Engineering.The essence of higher education is to cultivate innovative talents,for which logical thinking is an important prerequisite as well as the basis for inspiring students to carry out innovative activities.Biochemistry is an important professional basic course in the field of life science,and also a leading subject with complex knowledge and rich logic.Combining with the teaching practice of the course of Food Biochemistry in Jiangxi Agricultural University,this paper discussed some methods and experiences to improve students'logical thinking and innovation ability in the teaching reform.Training students'logical thinking and innovation ability in the theory and experimental practice of Food Biochemistry will not only help students learn this course well,but also help to cultivate high-quality and innovative engineering talents.
Metalloproteinases are commonly found in organisms such as animals,plants and bacteria,and it is worth noting that metalloproteinases are retained in the venom of snakes,scorpions,parasitic wasps,jellyfishes,and spider,and participate in physiological processes,and play important roles in their predation,defense and digestion.This paper summarized the classification of metalloprotease families,which are divided into 74 families in 17 groups.Researches on the sequence structure,family classification,biological activity and functional mechanism of metalloproteinases of these five types of poison-carrying animals were comprehensively described.It was found that metalloproteases of M10 family existed in the venom of parasitic wasps and jellyfishes,that of M13 family existed in the venom of parasitic wasps and scorpions,M12 family were commonly found in the venom of snakes,parasitic wasps,scorpions and jellyfishes.Researches of snake venom metalloproteinases were relatively deep and comprehensive,which had the activities and functions of degrading extracellular matrix proteins,regulating cells,inhibiting platelet aggregation and so on.The studies of venom metalloproteinases in scorpions,parasitic wasps,spiders and jellyfishes were relatively less,and their molecular structure,family classification,function and mechanism of action,were still unclear.The article can deepen scholars'understanding of venom metalloproteinases,and provide references for the future research direction of venom metalloproteinases,and lay the foundation for the application of venom metalloproteinases.
Food Chemistry is one of the core courses for food majors,and also a difficult course for students.Based on the analysis of the current situation and problems of the teaching of Food Chemistry,the construction and application of the PBL+BOPPPS teaching model were carried out on Food Chemistry in our university,and the teaching quality was evaluated.The results showed the PBL+BOPPPS mode could improve students'learning initiatives,participation and interaction enthusiasm,and practical ability,and so to promote the teaching effects,enhance the teaching quality,and promote the cultivation of students'independent thinking and practical innovation ability.The shortcomings and problems in the practice should be continuously improved and perfected,which were expected to provided new ideas for the teaching reform of Food Chemistry and other courses,and provide references for the cultivation of talents developing in all-round way.
[Objective]Identifying the combustible load patterns per unit area of different dominant tree species(groups),age groups,and canopy closure levels in tree forests can provide a scientific reference for obtaining forest combustible types and distribution data.[Method]Based on a survey on 235 standard plots of tree forests in Ji'an City,laboratory measurements were conducted on the survey samples.[Result]Through data comparison and analysis,it was found that the combustible load per unit area of different dominant tree species(groups)in the tree forest was mixed tree species(groups),broad-leaved tree species(groups),and coniferous tree species(groups)in descending order;The fuel load per unit area of different age groups was basically mature forest>near mature forest>middle aged forest>young forest;The combustible load per unit area of different canopy closure levels was in descending order of high canopy closure,medium canopy closure,and low canopy closure.The research results are of great significance in guiding the analysis of the types and distribution of forest fuels in different types of tree forests in forest fuel surveys.
[Objective]The expansion of the planting scale provides the possibility for farmers to adopt adaptive behaviors to face meteorological disasters.In the context of the reality of frequent disasters,it is crucial to encourage farmers to adopt adaptive behaviors to cope with meteorological disasters.[Method]Based on 271 questionnaire survey data from farmers in various regions of Jiangxi Province,this paper used Ordered-probit model to analyze the effects of planting scales,government support and the interaction terms between the planting scale and government support on farmers'adaptive behaviors to face meteorological disasters.[Result]The results showed that the planting scale had a positive effect on farmers'adaptative behaviors to cope with meteorological disasters,and the larger the planting scale,the more willing farmers were to adopt adaptive behaviors to deal with meteorological disasters,which indicated that promoting the appropriate scale of land management could significantly activate farmers to adopt adaptive behaviors to cope with meteorological disasters.Also,government support positively influenced farmers to adopt adaptive behaviors to fight against meteorological disasters,which could enhance the influence of planting scales on farmers'adaptive behaviors to meet meteorological disasters.[Conclusion]It is suggested to promote the land management on an appropriate scale according to local conditions,cultivate and develop large-scaled households according to household conditions,and emphasize the effective implementation of government support policies.
[Objective]Piliferocallus hezhangensis Yang et Zhan(PHY)is an important parasitic enemy of Neodiprion huizeensis,and has a better effect on Neodiprion huizeensis population control.This article investigated the morphological characteristics,biological characteristics,life history and forest conservation of PHY,so as to provide theoretical support for the further application of its natural enemy insects.[Method]The biological characteristics of PHY,including emergence,mating and oviposition,were studied through laboratory and field observation.[Result]Results showed that two generations occurred every year in Hezhang.The larvae overwintered in the cocoon of the host.The activity of feeding began in the middle of May of the next year,and also pupation began almost at the same time.The adults began to emerge from the host cocoon in early June and mate soon.The adult eclosion stage was in mid-June and late June,and ended in late July.Female wasps began to lay eggs in the host cocoon in early June,and spawning peak period occurred in early July and finished in lay August.The natural parasitism rate was 9.3%～12.3%.The larvae of the second generation began to feed in mid-October,adults eclosion and mating began in early October,and then laid eggs over the winter.Through the use of forest conservation equipment,it was found that under the condition of 5%honey water(containing 1%leucine)exogenous food,the life span of callose wasps could be extended to 60.35 d,which was 46.55 d higher than that without food.[Conclusion]Two generations of PHY occur every year in Hezhang.The larvae overwinter in the cocoon of the host.With 5%honey water(containing 1%leucine)exogenous food,the life span of PHY can significantly be improved(up to 60.35 days).This method is beneficial for the forest conservation.
