Objective To survey the causes and pathogenic factors of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in a school in Beijing in 2021.Methods The clinical manifestations of the cases and their time,regional and population distribution were described with descriptive epidemiological methods.Case-control study,retrospective cohort study and logistic regression analysis were used to find out the suspected exposed meals and suspected pathogenic food.A field hygienic survey was carried out.Samples from the cases,food processing tools and environment were collected for the PCR detection of norovirus.Results A total of 92 cases were detected,and their main clinical symptom was vomiting(84.78％),followed by nausea(58.70％),diarrhea(31.52％),abdominal pain(29.35％)and fever(25.00％).The results of the field epidemiological survey demonstrated that the breakfast on April 1st was the suspected exposed meal,and kernel cucumber was the suspected pathogenic food,which might be contaminated by a kitchen worker with norovirus infection during the preparation in the canteen.23 strains of norovirus GⅡ were detected from 72 stool samples/anal swabs.Conclusion This is an outbreak of foodborne acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GⅡ in the school.The kernel cucumber contaminated by norovirus is the main infection source of this outbreak of foodborne illness.
沙眼衣原体(Chlamydiatracho matis,Ct)是一种常见的专性细胞内寄生微生物,他能够引起女性宫颈炎、输卵管炎、盆腔炎、子宫内膜炎等多种疾病,是最为常见的性传播病原体之一,迄今也没有特异性Ct疫苗可以预防其传播.目前关于Ct的致病机制还没有完全研究明白,但由于分子生物学,生物信息学,生物物理学的迅速发展,现在已经克隆并验证了包括热休克蛋白、主要外膜蛋白、衣原体分泌蛋白、质粒蛋白和一些新发现的可能的毒力蛋白.本研究对其毒力因子的进展进行研究,为预防和控制Ct所致的疾病提供参考.
Objective To explore the mediating effect of hope level on relationship between social support and loneliness in tumor patients．Methods Two hundred and forty-one tumor patients were conveniently selected as the research subjects.General information questionnaire,Herth Hope Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale and Cancer Loneliness Scale were used for a questionnaire survey.The mediating effect of hope level on relationship between social support and loneliness in the tumor patients were analyzed．Results The total scores of hope level,perceived social support and loneliness in the tumor patients were（32.29±6.92）,（53.17±13.71） and （16.94±6.67）,respectively.The level of hope was positively correlated with perceived social support,but negatively correlated with cancer loneliness.Perceived social support was negatively associated with cancer loneliness.Social support not only directly affected loneliness of the tumor patients,but also indirectly affected loneliness through the mediating effect of hope.The intermediary effect accounted for 49.92%of the total effect．Conclusion Hope level is an intermediary variable between social support and loneliness in the tumor patients.Medical professionals should take targeted intervention measures and improve the tumor patients’social support and hope level so as to reduce their loneliness.
目的 探讨复发性流产(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)女性自我认同感,分析其与家庭支持、情绪内疚感间的相关性,为临床针对性干预提供参考.方法 选取2017年4月—2022年4月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院接受治疗的274例RSA女性,问卷调查一般资料,量表评估自我认同感、家庭支持、情绪内疚感相关评分,利用Pearson法分析三者间的相关性,进一步采用依次检验法检验家庭支持在自我认同感与情绪内疚感间的中介效应.结果 274例RSA女性自我认同感评分(49.79±6.78)分,其中＜46分者占63.50％,≥46分者占36.50％;家庭支持评分(10.49±2.11)分,低水平者占10.95％,中等水平者占30.29％,高水平者占58.76％;情绪内疚感评分(16.27±2.10)分,＜15分者占40.51％,≥15分者占59.49％;Pearson法相关性得知,自我认同感评分与家庭支持评分呈正相关(r=0.532,P＜0.001)、与情绪内疚感评分呈负相关(r=-0.468,P＜0.001);家庭支持评分与情绪内疚感评分呈负相关(r=-0.512,P＜0.001);家庭支持在自我认同感与情绪内疚感之间的中介效应占总效应的比值为76.84％.结论 多数RSA女性自我认同感低,自我认同感、家庭支持、情绪内疚感三者间具有一定相关性,且自我认同感不仅能直接减轻RSA女性内疚心理,还可通过家庭支持的中介效应而对情绪内疚感产生间接调节作用,需重视家庭支持这一变量在自我认同感、情绪内疚感间的中介效应.
Objective To investigate the current status of emotional intelligence, depression, anxiety and stress among residents in Hunan, and to explore the relationship of emotional intelligence with depression, anxiety and stress. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1,965 residents from 5 regions in Hunan Province for a questionnaire survey. Difference test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed for statistical analysis. Results The scores of emotional intelligence, depression, anxiety and stress were（119.93±20.66）,（11±4.25）,（11.26±4.17） and（12.06±4.22）, respectively. The detection rates of depression and anxiety were 52.16% and 80%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis displayed that emotional intelligence was negatively correlated with stress, depression and anxiety（all P＜0.01）, while stress was positively correlated with depression and anxiety（all P＜0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender, average annual household income, stress and depression were factors affecting emotional intelligence of Hunan residents. Conclusion The level of emotional intelligence in Hunan residents is affected by many factors. The higher the level of emotional intelligence, the lower the levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Science popularization workers should take targeted intervention measures to accurately carry out science popularization of emotional intelligence among residents. Relevant departments should speed up the establishment of social psychological counseling mechanism, train mental health service personnel, improve the psychological service system, and actively promote the popularization of mental health.
Objective To analyze the status of reduplicate reporting of brucellosis in Pingdingshan City, and to analyze its possible causes and propose corresponding suggestions. Methods The reporting cards of brucellosis in Pingdingshan City from 2005 to 2021 were collected, and SPSS statistics 22.0 software was used to screen and analyze the reduplicate reporting cards. Results A total of 7,692 brucellosis cards were cumulatively reported in Pingdingshan City in 2005-2021, and the number of reduplicate reporting cards of brucellosis cases was 142, with the reduplicate card rate being 1.85%. The intra-annual reduplicate card rate was 0.34%, and the cross-year reduplicate card rate 1.51%. Most of the reduplicate cards were reported by centers for disease control and prevention（n=84）, and the rate of reduplicate cards reported by hospitals was found to be the highest（5.75%）. There was a statistically significant difference in the reduplicate card rate among different reporting units（χ~2=96.106, P＜0.001）. The reduplicate cards were mainly reported by Lushan County（n=47） and Ye County（n=37）, and the rates of reduplicate cards reported by Xincheng District（5.00%） and Baofeng County（2.57%） were the highest. No statistically significant difference was found in the reduplicate card rate between urban areas and suburb/counties（χ~2=0.150, P=0.699）. From 2005 to 2021, the average annual incidence rate of brucellosis in Pingdingshan City was 10.82/100,000, and it decreased by 1.89% after eliminating the reduplicate reporting cards. The corrected decline in 2019 was the maximum（6.42%）. Compared with the initial reporting cards, the proportion of reduplicate reporting cards with different reporting units was the highest（69.72%）, followed by different or missing ID card numbers, different names and different addresses. Conclusion The reduplicate reporting of brucellosis cases had a certain influence on the statistics of the incidence of brucellosis in the whole city. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the infectious disease reporting management, intensify the training and complete the system function so as to improve the quality of surveillance data.
目的 分析孕妇血清肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)、β绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-humanchorionic gonadotrophin,β-hCG)水平联合超声检测预测凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的价值及受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线.方法 将2018年1月-2021年12月山东省济宁医学院附属医院收治的凶险型前置胎盘患者93例纳入研究,其中凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入39例纳入合并胎盘植入组,凶险型前置胎盘未合并胎盘植入54例纳入未合并胎盘植入组,另择同期106例健康孕妇作为健康对照组,回顾性收集其临床资料及影像学资料.分析三组临床资料、胎盘厚度、血清CK、AFP、β-hCG水平,将凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入纳入阳性,凶险型前置胎盘未合并胎盘植入为阴性,绘制ROC曲线分析超声、血清CK、AFP、β-hCG水平单独及联合检测对凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断价值.结果 三组一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).健康对照组、未合并胎盘植入组、合并胎盘植入组胎盘厚度、血清CK、AFP、β-hCG水平均呈升高趋势(P＜0.05).将凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入纳入阳性,凶险型前置胎盘未合并胎盘植入为阴性,绘制ROC曲线结果显示,超声检测、血清CK、AFP、β-hCG水平单独及联合检测诊断凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.830、0.739、0.811、0.676、0.921,灵敏度分别为 76.92％、80.18％、84.62％、61.13％、93.18％,特异度分别为 81.48％、63.27％、63.15％、70.59％、83.33％,联合检测均为最高.结论 超声检测、血清CK、AFP、β-hCG水平检测预测凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入均具备一定诊断价值,联合检测更有助于凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断.
目的 了解兰州市大学生男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群艾滋病知识知晓和性行为情况,为该类人群制定艾滋病的针对性干预策略提供依据.方法 通过非概率抽样和滚雪球的方法在兰州市招募大学生MSM人群.通过问卷调查采集研究对象的基本人口学特征、艾滋病知识知晓情况以及相关性行为信息.结果 本次研究共招募符合要求的研究对象493人,平均年龄(22.3±2.1)岁.①艾滋病知识知晓方面:493人中,艾滋病知识知晓人数375人,知晓率为76.06％."通过生殖器外观可以判断一个人是否感染了艾滋病吗"一题正确率仅为74.85％.＜20岁,20～24岁,＞24岁知晓率分别为67.86％、79.93％、82.35％;大一、大二和大三、大四和大五,硕士和博士知晓率分别为63.53％、74.52％、87.80％、84.13％;不同年龄、年级、性角色和同伴教育艾滋病知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加(20～24岁/＞24岁)、年级(大四和大五/硕士和博士)以及同伴教育是艾滋病知识知晓率的影响因素(P＜0.05).②在性行为方面:369人(74.85％)近6个月与同性发生性行为者,其中202人(54.74％)在发生同性性行为中坚持使用安全套,118人(31.98％)与同性发生过商业性行为;55人(11.16％)与异性发生过性行为,其中31人(56.36％)在与异性性行为时坚持使用安全套;23人(4.67％)近一年确诊过梅毒;15人(3.04％)近一年确诊过其他性病;156人(31.64％)首次性行为年龄＜18岁.结论 兰州市大学生MSM人群存在艾滋病知识知晓率较低,年龄、年级增加以及同伴教育是艾滋病知识知晓率的影响因素.该人群中存在不使用安全套、发生商业性行为等高危性行为.需要对高校MSM人群加强性行为引导和HIV相关知识的宣传教育,以提高艾滋病防控知识知晓率,并促进该群体将正确的知识理念转化为健康的行为.
Objective To understand the population characteristics of applicants for HIV self-testing, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating promotion strategies for Internet-based HIV self-testing. Methods Using the method of online self-filling questionnaires, we collected the information about applicants for HIV self-testing based on the online platform from January to December, 2021, and analyzed the demographic and sexual behavior characteristics of the applicants. Chi-square test was used for the comparison of differences in the positive rates of HIV self-testing among different groups. Results During the implementation of the project from January to December, 2021, a total of 8,092 individuals applied for HIV self-testing reagents, of which 54.2% were first tested for HIV. 4,219 individuals uploaded the testing results, accounting for 52.1%. The positive rate of HIV self-testing was 1.64%（69/4,219）. Among the 8,092 applicants for HIV self-testing, males, applicants aged 18-34 years, applicants with college/university education or above, regular workers and gay accounted for 87.3%, 80.6%, 61.7%, 53.6% and 50.7%, respectively. Among the MSM group from the HIV self-testing applicants, 35.2% had multiple sexual partners. 22.7% had not used a condom when having sex with a same-sex partner in the last month. More than half of the applicants did not know the other party’s HIV infection status. The positive rate of HIV self-testing was higher among applicants aged ≥ 60 years, having low educational level, having sexual orientation of the same sex, and having anal sex or having sex with an HIV-positive person in the last month（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Internet-based HIV self-testing can cover undiagnosed HIV-positive people and high-risk groups, especially the MSM group. More efforts should be made to promote HIV self-testing and expand the scope of HIV testing in the future.
目的 分析影响肺癌患者术后肺部并发症(postoperative pulmonary complications,PPCs)的危险因素,构建预测肺癌手术患者PPCs的列线图模型,分析该模型的预测价值.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,将开封市某三甲医院2020年1月-2021年12月收治的187例肺癌PPCs患者纳为肺部并发症组,同期行肺癌根治术,但未发生PPCs的200例患者纳为对照组.以是否并发PPCs为因变量,以可能影响并发PPCs的相关因素为自变量,先后行单因素及多因素logisitc回归分析,筛查影响肺癌PPCs发生的独立因素.利用R软件建立预测肺癌PPCs的列线图模型,采用Boot-strap法验证模型,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线,分析列线图模型在预测肺癌PPCs中的价值.结果 经单因素和多因素回归分析,年龄≥60岁、合并糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)、肺气肿、术前第1 s用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)＜1.5 L、全肺切除、手术时间≥3 h及术中出血量≥500 ml均是影响肺癌手术患者PPCs的独立危险因素.基于多因素回归分析结果,利用R软件及相关程序包,构建列线图模型,R软件计算出该列线图模型的C-index为0.847,ROC曲线提示该列线图模型在预测肺癌手术患者PPCs中的价值较高,其AUC=0.878,95％CI:(0.842-0.914),灵敏度为83.0％,特异度为91.0％,列线图模型的校准曲线为斜率接近1的直线.结论 基于年龄、糖尿病、COPD、肺气肿、术前FEV1、全肺切除、手术时间以及术中出血量构建的列线图模型在预测肺癌患者PPCs中具有较好的应用价值.
Objective To explore the correlation between dietary intake of antioxidants and cerebral stroke（CS）. Methods We electronically searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP for literatures about randomized controlled trials（RCTs） on dietary supplementation with antioxidants and CS from January 2000 to January 2022. The effective data were extracted by two researchers, and then bias risks were evaluated. A meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 24 articles involving 28 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis results showed that dietary supplementation with total antioxidants could not significantly decrease the risk of CS（OR=1.04, 95%CI:0.98-1.09; Z=1.29, P=0.20＞0.05）; meanwhile, supplementation with single antioxidant like β-carotene（OR=1.08, 95%CI:0.94-1.25; Z=1.12, P=0.26＞0.05）, vitamin B（OR=1.02, 95%CI:0.73-1.42; Z=0.11, P=0.91＞0.05）, vitamin C（OR=0.92, 95%CI:0.77-1.09; Z=0.95, P=0.34＞0.05）, vitamin D（OR=1.11, 95%CI:0.96-1.29; Z=1.39, P=0.16＞0.05） and vitamin E（OR=1.06, 95%CI:0.94-1.20; Z=0.94, P=0.35＞0.05） also could not bring down the risk of CS. There was no significant publication bias detected in the meta-analysis（Z=1.41, P=0.158＞0.05）. Conclusion Available studies suggest that dietary supplementation with antioxidants can not reduce the risk of CS.
Objective To study the effect of sericin on blood glucose in hyperglycemic model mice. Methods Hyperglycemic model mice of the treatment groups received 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight of sericin by gavage for 30 days, respectively. The model control group was given the same volume of pure water. The effect of sericin on blood glucose and body weight in mice was observed. Results Compared with the model control group, sericin had no obvious effect on hyperglycemic model mice’s body weights at all stages（P＞0.05）. The decrease value and reduction percentage of blood glucose in the sericin treatment groups were significantly higher, with statistically significant differences（P＜0.05）. The areas under the glucose curves of 1,000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose groups were significantly lower, showing a statistically significant difference（P＜0.05）. Sericin had no significant effect on blood glucose of normal mice. Conclusion Sericin has an auxiliary hypoglycemic effect on hyperglycemic model mice under the experimental conditions of the present study, and it has the potential to be developed into a new resource food with auxiliary hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.
In this study, we summarized the concept and mechanism of resilience, the current status of external environment of breastfeeding of women returning to work and the role of resilience in breastfeeding of women returning to work by reviewing the domestic and foreign research literatures on resilience of breastfeeding of women returning to work, and put forward strategies to promote breastfeeding of women returning to work from the view of resilience so as to provide a new perspective and direction for nurses in our country to study breastfeeding.
目的 了解南阳市宛城区社区肺结核可疑症状者主动就诊情况,探究其影响因素,为提高结核病发现率提供参考依据.方法 对南阳市8个社区15岁以上常住人口共6 242例进行问卷调查.筛选出调查前6个月内(包括现症的)连续咳嗽、咯痰2周以上或咯血、痰中带血282例可疑症状者作为本次研究对象,进行面对面问卷调查.采用x2检验及logistic回归模型对肺结核可疑症状者主动就诊行为的影响因素进行分析.结果 本研究共纳入结核病可疑患者282例,主动就诊者118例,主动就诊率为41.84％.多因素logistic回归分析,相较于大专以上学历,初中及以下学历(OR=0.658,95％CI:0.456～0.949)可疑症状者主动就诊行为较低;相较于家庭人均月收入≥4 000元,家庭人均月收入为2 000～3 999元(OR=0.820,95％CI:0.678～0.991)、＜2 000 元(OR=0.812,95％CI:0.729～0.905)可疑症状者主动就诊行为较低;有严重或慢性呼吸道症状(OR=1.714,95％CI:1.350～2.177)、有其他肺部疾病(OR=1.960,95％CI:1.481～2.594)、知晓结核病核心信息(OR=1.478,95％CI:1.173～1.863)以及感到羞耻(OR=0.794,95％CI:0.649～0.971)与可疑症状者是否主动就诊相关.结论 南阳市宛城区肺结核可疑症状者主动就诊率不高,文化程度、家庭经济情况、初始呼吸道症状的严重程度、有其他肺部疾病、结核病防治核心信息的知晓程度以及羞耻感是影响主动就诊的主要因素.
Objective To analyze the monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan City from 2017 to 2021, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of iodine deficiency diseases. Methods Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan City was selected and divided into 5 sampling areas according to the east, west, south, north and middle. One township/street was randomly selected in each area, 1 primary school was picked out from each township/street, 40 non-boarding children aged 8-10 years were chosen from each primary school, and 20 pregnant women were singled out from each township monitored. Urine samples from the children and pregnant women and edible salt samples from their homes were collected to detect iodine levels, and B-ultrasound was used to check the thyroid volume of the children. Results A total of 1,505 pieces of iodized salt from homes of the students and pregnant women were monitored from 2017 to 2021, and the coverage rate of iodized salt, the consumption rate of eligible iodized salt and the qualified rate of iodized salt were 96.21%, 89.77% and 93.30%, respectively. The mean value of iodized salt was（27.54±8.56）mg/kg. 1,005 urine samples from school-age children were detected, and the median of urinary iodine was 149.0 μg/L. 500 urine samples from the pregnant women were detected, and the median of urinary iodine was 146.8 μg/L. The prevalence rate of goiter in the children was 0.25%. Conclusion Iodine nutrition level of the key population in Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan City met the monitoring requirements. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the surveillance on iodine nutrition level of the key population so as to consolidate the achievement of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with animal-induced injuries in Changning District of Shanghai Municipality in 2020, to scientifically reduce the incidence of animal-induced injuries and provide effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods According to the National Injury Monitoring Report Card, we collected the recorded information regarding vaccination of all animal-induced injury cases received by a designated dog-bite injury clinic in Changning District of Shanghai Municipality in 2020. EpiData 3.1 was used for data entry and R4.1.2 for statistical analysis. Results There were 12,934 animal-induced injury patients reported in Changning District in 2020, with a male to female ratio of 0.7:1. Among them, the number of patients in the age group of 15-30 years was the largest（34.23%）. Cats were the most common cause of the injuries（52.18%）, followed by dogs（39.35%） and rats（5.78%）. Animal-induced injuries mainly occurred at home. The activities when the patients were injured were mainly leisure activities such as interaction with pets. The injured parts mainly involved the limbs, but those in most minors under the age of 15 years were mainly at the heads and faces. The injury severity of patients who came to get rabies vaccines was mainly mild（98.28%）. 73.43% of the patients could deal with the wound by themselves before the vaccination, while 24.36% were untreated. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the management of stray cats in residential areas and other living places, guide people to raising pets properly, conduct health education for different groups, and enhance protection awareness and preventive measures. At the same time, the injured should be vaccinated against rabies scientifically, reasonably and in time.
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of newly reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） in Hengyang City from 2017 to 2021 so as to provide references for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods We downloaded the information regarding newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hengyang City during 2017-2021 from the China Information System for Diseases Prevention and Control, and SPSS 18.0 software was applied to statistical analysis. Results A total of 3,300 HIV/AIDS cases in Hengyang City in 2017-2021 were newly reported, and the proportion of male patients was 74.94%. The average annual new reporting rate of the population was 0.99/10,000. The new reporting rate changed in the five-year period, rising from 0.88/10,000 in 2017 to 1.10/10,000 in 2019, and then falling to 0.95/10,000 in 2021. The main route of transmission was sexual contact（96.82%）, of which heterosexual transmission was 84.82% and homosexual transmission 12.00%. The proportion of farmers and migrant workers was relatively high, which increased from 52.20% in 2017 to 61.55% in 2021. The positive samples mainly came from medical institutions（63.88%） and voluntary counseling（26.12%）. The sources detected by medical institutions showed an increasing trend year by year, and the proportion increased from 57.29% in 2017 to 65.98% in 2021. The late detection rate was 39.58%. The number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 60 years and above increased year by year, and the proportion increased from 30.00% in 2017 to 41.61% in 2021, which was mainly detected by medical institutions. Among them, the proportion of male cases was 77.65%. For most male cases with heterosexual transmission, they were infected through non-marital heterosexual contact. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Hengyang City in 2017-2021 was generally in a low epidemic state. Most newly reported HIV/AIDS cases were infected through heterosexual transmission. Farmers and migrant workers were in the majority. The proportion of older males aged 60 years and above was growing rapidly. Targeted comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS so as to decline the risk of transmission and contain the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Objective To understand the changes in the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases and the prevalence trends of key infectious diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021. Methods According to the adjustment of response level to major public health emergencies by Zhejiang provincial government, the year of 2020 was divided into five stages, pre-epidemic phase, first-level response phase, second-level response phase, third-level response phase and regular prevention and control phase; meanwhile, the years 2015-2019 and the year of 2021 were also divided into five periods according to the stage division method based on the year of 2020. We compared the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in 2020 and 2021 with the level in the same period during 2015-2019, and analyzed the incidence trend of key infectious diseases during the epidemic period of 2020-2021. Results In 2020, the reported incidence rates of notifiable infectious diseases（except SARS-CoV-2 infection） in five stages were 1,039.82/100,000, 117.79/100,000, 9.52/100,000, 31.89/100,000 and 314.39/100,000, respectively. Compared with the same period during 2015-2019, the fixed-base growth rates were +83.47%,-87.61%,-97.72%,-95.00% and-91.73%, respectively. The reported incidence rate of each period in 2021 was slightly higher than that in 2020, but it still decreased compared with the same period during 2015-2019. The reported incidence rates of intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases（excluding SARS-CoV-2 infection）,blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases at each period in 2020 showed downward trends compared with the same period during 2015-2019,and the time interval between onset date and diagnosis date during the primary and secondary response periods increased compared with the same period during 2015-2019. During the SARS-Co V-2 epidemic from 2020 to 2021,the incidence peaks of influenza,other infectious diarrhea and hand-foot-mouth disease were postponed,and the durations of the prevalence period were shortened. Conclusion The prevention and control measures taken during the SARS-Co V-2 epidemic from 2020 to 2021 effectively reduced the reported incidence rates of notifiable infectious diseases,with the largest change in category C infectious diseases. At the same time,the incidence peaks of some diseases were delayed and the durations of some diseases were shortened. Continuous promotion of prevention and control measures can effectively keep the incidence of various notifiable infectious diseases at low levels.
Objective To compare the surveillance data of Aedes vector in two urban districts by combining with the data of dengue fever outbreaks in Nanning City in 2019, and to provide references for improving local surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes. Methods We collected the data about cases from dengue fever outbreaks in 2019 and the surveillance data of Aedes vector based on Breteau index method in Jiangnan district which had the most cases of dengue fever and Xingning District which served as a national surveillance site of Aedes vector. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the difference of the surveillance data of Aedes vector in the two districts. Results There were 370 cases of dengue fever reported in Jiangnan District, and the date of onset of the first case in 2019 was May 21. The dates when the number of cases reached 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were September 27, October 6, October 15 and November 28, respectively. The daily maximum number of cases was 19. The number of cases reported in Xingning District was 56, and the date of onset of the first case in 2019 was September 14. The dates when the number of cases reached 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were October 3, October 17, October 29 and November 12, respectively. The daily maximum number of cases was 4. Both the districts had their highest Breteau index in September. The monthly mean Breteau indexes in Jiangnan District were all ＜ 5. Except for November, the monthly mean Breteau indexes in other months in Xingning District were all ＞ 5. Breteau indexes by surveillance in waste stations（ 4.94） and residential areas（ 4.56） in Jiangnan District were the highest,while Breteau index by surveillance in hospitals（ 0.61） was the lowest. Breteau indexes by surveillance in flower and bird markets（ 15.11） and waste stations（ 11.69） in Xingning District were the highest,whereas Breteau indexes by surveillance in construction sites（ 0. 22） and parks（ 0. 28） were the lowest. In Jiangnan District,Breteau indexes in residential areas and schools in the emergency monitoring before vector control were significantly higher than those after mosquito control（ 9.98vs. 2.89,11.67 vs. 0.67）. In Xingning District,Breteau index in residential areas in the emergency monitoring before vector control was significantly higher than that after mosquito control（ 11.57 vs. 2.16）. Conclusion The surveillance data of Aedes vector in the two districts in 2019 basically reflected the temporal and logical relationship between the seasonal change of Aedes vector and dengue outbreaks. However,the surveillance data were failure to play an early warning role for dengue outbreaks. It is necessary to continuously improve the quality of Aedes vector surveillance.
目的 探讨精神分裂症患者自残行为现状及相关影响因素,为制定针对性控制措施提供科学依据.方法 选取2018年6月—2021年12月在杭州市第一人民医院就诊的315例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,采用自制问卷调查精神分裂症患者一般情况及自残行为,分析自残行为的相关因素.结果 315例精神分裂症患者,110例(34.92％)存在自残行为.自残类型主要为存在命令性幻听(占比58.18％),自残部位主要为损伤皮肤(占比63.64％),自残前异常临床主要表现为精神症状加重(占比36.36％),自残场所主要在居住场所(占比71.82％),自残时间主要为晚上(占比62.73％);有自残行为和无自残行为的两组发病年龄、病程、PANSS-阴性评分、PANSS-阳性评分、SSRS评分、受教育程度、有无固定职业、近期生活应激事件比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步多因素logistic回归分析显示发病年龄、病程、PANSS-阳性评分、SSRS评分、近期存在生活应激事件是精神分裂症患者自残行为影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者自残行为发生率较高,影响因素涉及发病年龄、SSRS评分、近期存在生活应激事件等,针对影响因素展开护理管理,有助于降低自残行为发生风险.
