The article addresses the issue of uncertainty in forecasting the cost of construction and installation works (CIW) in investment construction projects under conditions of high price volatility, regional market differentiation, organizational fragmentation of business processes, and insufficient formalization of pricing procedures. An analysis of external and internal factors affecting the accuracy of cost forecasts is carried out. Particular attention is given to macroeconomic, logistics-related, seasonal, design and technological, organizational and process-related, and information-based sources of uncertainty. A significant share of forecasting errors is caused not only by market volatility, but also by imperfections in baseline data, the subjectivity of expert assessments, weak coordination between departments, and the absence of a unified digital environment for cost formation. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize uncertainty factors affecting the accuracy of forecasting the cost of construction and installation works, as well as to substantiate approaches to their reduction based on digitalization and the use of intelligent data analysis methods. The objectives of the study include analyzing the key uncertainty factors, comparing cost forecasting methods, and developing practical recommendations for improving forecast accuracy. The paper systematizes uncertainty factors by project life cycle stages and by levels of managerial influence. A comparison of traditional and intelligent cost forecasting methods is performed. The necessity of transitioning from classical cost estimation analysis to a digital cost management framework is substantiated. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a set of recommendations aimed at reducing uncertainty in forecasting the cost of CIW, including the standardization of baseline data, improvement of the transparency of procedures for reviewing commercial proposals, digitalization of cost change approval processes, implementation of price monitoring systems, and the use of predictive analytics in the management of investment construction projects.
The article discusses the issues of monitoring construction based on aerial and satellite images. The issues of using images obtained from space, from a manned aircraft and from an unmanned aerial vehicle are discussed. Monitoring of construction by remote methods is based on the collection and analysis of spatial data. It is optimal to use aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle. To solve local problems, it is advisable to use photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle, and satellite imagery is possible to solve control problems at the state or general contractor level. The article provides an overview of the literature sources on this topic. The accuracy and resolution of the methods of aerial and space photography are compared depending on the tasks being solved. For the optimal option, it is recommended to use aerial and space photography materials in a complex.
Traditional approaches to managing railway infrastructure assets are characterized by fragmented data at various stages of the lifecycle, where information obtained during surveys and construction is often lost by the time the asset is commissioned, reducing the effectiveness of asset management. This article presents an integrated monitoring technology that enables the creation and seamless updating of a railway asset information model based on remote sensing data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The results of testing on a 750-meter experimental railway section are presented, confirming the metrological performance of the proposed methods (the error in determining geometric parameters is less than 1%, provided the survey modes are observed). The practical significance of this work lies in the transition from episodic surveys to continuous digital infrastructure monitoring, which is consistent with the "smart railway" concept and the objectives of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation.
Problem statement. Due to changes in society, the number of educational projects is growing every year, and the scale of educational spaces is reaching a new level. The relevance of the research is justified by the complex crisis of the traditional model of education and the rapid transformation of the demands of society faced with the era of digitalization. The purpose of the research is to identify, systematize and develop architectural and planning principles for the formation of a modern educational and entertainment center based on game mechanisms and modern pedagogical techniques that increase the level of engagement, creativity and cognitive activity of students. Special attention is paid to the flexibility of planning solutions, the integration of technologies, the creation of multifunctional zones and visual stimulation, contributing to the development of creativity and motivation of students. Based on the analysis of pedagogical techniques, recommendations are offered on the organization of a space that combines comfort, safety and innovation. Results. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive study of the principles of creating educational spaces based on modern pedagogical techniques has been conducted. Conclusions. The article discusses the key principles of the formation of the architectural environment of educational and entertainment centers based on the game learning format.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the efficiency of control and supervisory activities under the transition to a risk-based model. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for forming variable control requirements for inspection programs of civil engineering facilities, differentiated by risk categories. The scientific novelty lies in the integration of analytic hierarchy process and expert assessments to quantify the significance of individual types of work and structural elements. Materials and methods. The methodological basis was the provisions of federal legislation and the criteria for classifying capital construction projects into risk categories. To rank potential violations and determine the weight coefficients of control points, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by T. Saaty was applied. The expert data (12 experts from the State Construction Supervision authorities) was processed using specialized software. Results. A correspondence matrix has been developed that allows for the formation of an individual list of control requirements for each risk category of the facility. Key control points for high-risk and medium-risk facilities have been established. The most frequently identified types of violations have been identified and classified, grouped by the degree of impact on safety. Conclusions. The proposed approach allows reducing the administrative burden on bona fide developers and concentrating the resources of supervisory authorities on potentially hazardous facilities. The implementation of the developed methodology into the administrative regulations for the execution of the state function of construction supervision is recommended.
The article presents a methodological framework for formalizing and quantitatively assessing the consequences of directive changes in investment and construction projects. The relevance of the study stems from the absence of regulatory and methodological tools that objectively measure the impact of client-issued directives on project schedules and resource networks. The aim of the research is to develop a system of formalized indicators that capture calendar, network, and resource consequences of directive interventions. The methodology is based on the classification of directive changes through six attributes (Stage, Source, Scale, Form, RI, CI) and the development of three interrelated metrics: ΔT (schedule shift), CP-Impact (critical path influence), and OZ (resource overload zone). The proposed formulas and structure enable integration into digital project environments such as PMIS and BIM. The results establish a methodological basis for further predictive modeling of delays and evaluation of phase vulnerability across the project lifecycle. The scientific novelty lies in introducing a formalized system of quantitative indicators for directive change consequences, bridging an existing institutional and digital gap in project management. The practical value consists in the potential use of these metrics for analytical monitoring and improving time and resource controllability in complex construction projects.
Introduction. Automation of construction control is an important task for capital construction, the oil and gas industry, and mechanical engineering. The use of augmented (AR) and mixed (MR) reality technologies allows for the visual comparison of BIM models with actual objects on the construction site, but existing systems face limitations in terms of positioning accuracy (deviations of up to 71 mm, compared to the required 15 mm), loss of reference during movement, and the inability to accurately assess geometric inconsistencies on complex surfaces. Purpose of the work. Development and formalization of a loss function that contains information about the geometric features of an object, and positioning algorithms for construction control tasks using AR/MR technologies that take into account the internal geometry of the surface: geodesic distances, consistency of normals, local curvature, and spectral characteristics of the Laplace–Beltrami operator. Methods. A hybrid approach is proposed, combining voxel maps of the environment and a surface representation in the form of a triangular mesh. The final loss function for training the positioning system is a weighted sum of five components: Euclidean distance, geodesic component, normal component, curvature, and spectral component. The model is trained using gradient descent. Results. The analysis showed that the use of only Euclidean metrics does not allow to correctly estimate the deviations between the TIM model and the real object, especially for surfaces with complex geometry, high curvature and sharp boundaries. The proposed combination of geometric functionals provides a more informative signal for positioning algorithms, reducing the mean-square error of alignment, and also allows to preserve engineering-significant details that are smoothed or disappear in the traditional approach. Conclusions and prospects. Geometrically-informed methods eliminate a number of fundamental drawbacks of AR/MR construction control systems: loss of positioning during movement, insufficient accuracy on complex surfaces, and ignoring the internal geometry of objects. A promising area is the development of hybrid architectures and the integration of differential geometry methods into simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms.
The relevance of this study stems from the need to find effective approaches to transforming former industrial sites in the context of post-industrial urban development, increasing demands on the quality of the urban environment, and the need to reuse industrial heritage sites. This article examines Russian and international examples of industrial site renovation to identify successful practices and formulate typological guidelines for their further implementation in domestic design practice. The goal of the study is to identify the most effective approaches to industrial site renovation and determine the architectural and urban planning solutions that ensure their sustainable integration into the modern urban environment. To identify the key effective tools for industrial site renovation, twenty-two successfully reconstructed sites were analyzed. For each, eight key parameters were examined: the degree of site integration into the urban fabric, accessibility and safety, the quality of public spaces, the preservation of industrial identity, the use of functional hybridity, the preservation and transformation of operational functions, as well as the renovation of façade solutions and the reconstruction of the site's planning structure. The assessment was conducted using a matrix analysis method, which allowed for comparing objects based on a set of criteria and identifying the most effective tools for the comprehensive renovation of industrial buildings into art clusters. The study found that the most successful renovation examples involve the formation of multifunctional art clusters that combine the preservation of industrial identity, the richness of public spaces, the flexibility of new use scenarios, and the preservation of operational functions. The findings of this study can be applied within the framework of domestic urban planning practices when developing strategies for the development of industrial zones and the creation of multifunctional urban spaces.
The article examines BIM technologies as a tool for the organizational and technological design of civil facilities in the Republic of Turkmenistan. The research focuses on the functions of the digital model that influence the quality of design preparation, the consistency of architectural, structural, and engineering solutions, as well as the integration of design with scheduling and resource planning. The purpose of the study is to substantiate BIM as a digital basis for managing the design and construction process at the stages of preparation, design, construction, and operation of a facility. The methodological basis includes an analysis of scientific publications on building information modeling, digitalization of the construction industry, development of organizational and technological documentation, and management of construction processes, as well as materials on the state of the construction sector in Turkmenistan. It was established that the transition to a digital scheme for developing organizational and technological documentation reduces the time required to prepare its individual elements by 28-43%, labor input by 28.6-33.3%, and the time needed for introducing changes by 50-75%. The highest intensity of BIM application occurs at the design stage and reaches 65%, while at the preparatory stage it is 51%, during construction 50%, and at the operation stage 55%. It is shown that the practical effectiveness of BIM is determined by the completeness of attributive information, data compatibility, interdisciplinary coordination, and the readiness of project participants to work in a unified digital environment. The obtained findings may be used to improve the organizational and technological design of civil facilities in the conditions of Turkmenistan.
A classification of algorithms for automated compliance checking of building information models against regulatory requirements is presented, with an assessment of computational complexity and development effort. It has been established that algorithms for checking quantitative parameters have linear complexity O(n), for checking calculation-based requirements – O(n·m), and for the geometric analysis of evacuation paths – O(n²·log n). The development cost of algorithms ranges from 15-25 thousand rubles for simple quantitative checks, 45-70 thousand rubles for calculation-based algorithms, to 120-180 thousand rubles for complex geometric algorithms. Experimental verification using a building information model with an area of 5240 m² showed a total execution time of 22 minutes for checking 285 requirements, with operational costs of 500 rubles per building check. A comprehensive methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of im-plementing automated regulatory compliance checking systems based on BIM models is presented, accounting for direct reductions in labor costs and the prevention of losses from correcting errors in the later stages of project execution. Using the example of a completed residential building project with an area of 5240 m², it was established that automated checking pro-vides a 72.1% reduction in labor costs (from 344 to 96 man-hours) and detects 29.3% more non-conformities compared to the traditional approach. The cost of rectifying errors increases by 4.5-5.2 times when moving from the design documentation stage to the post-state expertise stage, and by 12-15 times when moving to the construction stage. The prevented losses amount to 3.7-4.8 million rubles per project, constituting 77-84% of the total economic effect. With an investment of 21-29 million rubles, the payback period is 2.4-4.8 months for a medium-scale design organization.
Source data of a capital construction facility is generated at the early stages of the life cycle and must be transferred between stages without loss; its completeness, reliability and machine-readability largely determine the efficiency of the facility life cycle management. Information gaps are most acute at the handover of the facility to the longest and most resource-intensive stage of the life cycle — operation, which accounts for about 75 % of total costs. In domestic practice the composition, collection methods and form of source data are not systematized or differentiated by object type and by the availability of an information model, which causes information gaps in the life cycle. The aim is to identify and systematize the features of collection and completeness assessment of source data in the life cycle management of a facility, primarily an apartment building. Using apartment buildings as an example, the composition of source data is systematized into five functional groups detailed by attribute subgroups, carriers, update frequency and responsible parties; a comparative analysis of two collection strategies — primary (inspection, laser scanning, scan-to-BIM) and model-based with COBie exchange — is carried out against seven criteria; a data collection and verification procedure and an attribute completeness coefficient are proposed. It is established that the efficiency of the facility life cycle management is determined not by the volume but by the structuring of source data and the continuity of its transfer between stages; a differentiated collection approach depending on object type and model availability and a quantitative data completeness tool are proposed.
The article considers methods of combining when performing works and problems with their organization in construction, analyzes the current status of the prevalence of these methods in the construction industry of the Russian Federation. The uncertainty and risk reduction options in processes of parallel execution of works are considered. As part of the study, a systematic analysis of existing methods to improve the system for reducing the duration of construction of housing projects was carried out. Focused on identifying points of potential life cycle reduction by running work in parallel at different stages. Four methodological groups are considered: traditional methods of calendar-network planning (CPM, PERT), methods of optimization of irregular flows (CPM-LOB, Delta-shift, matrix and graphical approaches), information modeling technology (TIM) as a tool for data integration and collaboration, and hybrid models that combine the elements of these approaches. For each of the groups, advantages and disadvantages have been identified and systematized, conditions for their effective application have been defined, as well as limitations that arise when implementing the principle of parallel execution of work. Based on the comparative analysis, it is found that the greatest synergistic effect in reducing the duration of the investment-construction cycle is achieved when integrating critical chain methods, The organization and technologies of information modeling in the framework of adaptive hybrid models of life cycle management of capital construction objects. The results of the study can be used to inform the choice of organizational and technological solutions aimed at reducing construction time and improving resource efficiency.
This article develops a methodological framework for forecasting directive changes in schedule models of investment and construction projects. Directive changes are understood as mandatory managerial interventions initiated by the client and implemented outside formalized change management procedures. Such interventions are considered as an independent object of analysis exerting a systemic influence on the stability and dynamics of project schedule-network models. The study is based on the integration of a directive change classifier and index-based characteristics of the directive flow with a system of consequence indicators intended for the quantitative assessment of the schedule effects caused by directive interventions. The XGBoost algorithm is proposed as the core forecasting instrument due to its ability to identify nonlinear relationships between directive parameters and the response of the project scheduling system. Interpretation of the forecasting results is supported through SHAP analysis, enabling a quantitative assessment of the contribution of each classifier feature to the generated forecast. The proposed methodological framework includes sequential stages of directive formalization, feature encoding, model training, interpretation of results, and scenario-based integration of forecasts into project schedule models. The article also substantiates the possibility of digital integration of forecasting results into PMIS, MS Project, and 4D BIM environments, thereby increasing the transparency of schedule models and expanding the analytical capabilities of scenario-based assessment of directive changes in investment and construction projects.
The objective of this article is to develop the theoretical foundations for assessing the load-bearing capacity of structures using the vibration method, to establish the exact value of the position of the neutral line during the operation of reinforced concrete structures. The following methods were used in the study: mathematical modeling based on known theoretical expressions and comparison of the obtained results with experimental data. The paper considered structures with different levels of load-bearing capacity, namely a beam without defects, a beam with small cracks, and a beam with a main crack. The obtained experimental values of the residual height of the concrete cross-section and the height of the compressed zone quite accurately coincide with the data of mathematical modeling for these characteristics. The results obtained will allow us to approach the solution of the problem of theoretical justification of the vibration method of inspection of reinforced concrete structures, improve the methods of its implementation and improve the accuracy of the results obtained.
Refractory foam concrete based on Portland cement has been developed for use in special construction facilities. The targeted synthesis of heat-resistant foam concrete is based on the complete binding of portlandite into heat-resistant phases due to the introduction of finely ground ceramic additives. The resulting material meets the specified physical and mechanical characteristics: grade D700 for average density, compressive strength class B 1.5, maximum permissible application temperature class I6 (600 °C) and thermal conductivity 0.15 W/(m·°C). A unique property is the negative coefficient of thermal expansion, which provides the material with compensation for thermal deformations of metal structures without destruction. The formation of heat-resistant phases is confirmed by physico-chemical analysis methods (DTA and XFA).
This article examines a method for protecting building structures and facilities from mold biodegradation. This approach takes into account the potential of the building system itself and addresses geoecological challenges related to preserving natural mineral resources. Natural resource conservation is achieved by increasing the biostability of building structures. It has been shown that the fungicidal resistance of building systems is ensured by the porous structure of concrete and thermodynamically substantiated processes of interaction of concrete components with copper and nickel compounds. The possibility of using fungicidal compounds as a chemical additive in concrete mixture at the stage of concrete production and during operation of the finished construction project is demonstrated.
It has been demonstrated that the creation of innovative concrete with an improved set of physical and mechanical properties is achieved by targeted manipulation of the concrete system using a complex chemical additive that simultaneously exhibits superplasticizing, stabilizing, and reactive properties. The creation of concrete for road surfaces characterized by increased strength and crack resistance from an early age to design values and beyond is achieved by selecting specific components when creating a complex chemical additive that influences the chemical processes within the concrete system, ensuring the formation of a strong concrete structure. It has been established that the addition of an air-entraining admixture to the modified concrete mixture enhances frost resistance, chemical resistance, and water resistance, resulting in concrete with high chemical resistance, increased strength, crack resistance, and frost resistance.
Objective of the article is to determine the dependence of stresses on the surface of the coating plate of a special structure under the influence of an explosion, the parameters of the protective structure modified with a cement-sand matrix. Important aspects of this work are the geometric characteristics of the auxetic structure, as well as the strength properties of the concrete composite, which is represented by strength classes B30, B45 and B60. The study used the following methods: numerical modeling, statistical analysis and experimental planning in the ANSYS Explicit Dynamics software package, where the cement-sand matrix was described by the Drucker-Prager strength criterion. The study found that protective structures with round and square voids are not able to protect the coating plate of a special structure when exposed to an explosion. On the contrary, plates with auxetic construction have demonstrated their effectiveness, significantly absorbing energy during explosive impacts. When calculating for 27 different combinations of factors, ANSYS Explicit Dynamics obtained stresses in the coating plate ranging from 22 to 81 MPa. Based on these data, regression analysis was performed, which made it possible to construct a mathematical model in the form of a polynomial equation of the second degree. This model combines the stress level (Y) with three key factors: the ratio of the cell area to the system (x₁), the ratio of the void area to the material (x₂) and the strength of the concrete (x₃). The adequacy of the obtained model was confirmed by the Fisher criterion, where the calculated value of F $$(F_c = 19.0811)$$ is higher than the tabular value $$(F_t = 1.9881)$$. This indicates the ability of the model to adequately describe the process under study. The created regression model makes it possible to more accurately select the parameters of energy-absorbing structures at the design stage. The establishment of optimal geometric parameters of an auxetic structure provides an opportunity to develop protective structures that significantly increase the resistance of a special structure to explosive impacts, which helps to increase the survivability of significant objects and reduce damage from dynamic loads.
The possibilities of ash recycling from peat combustion in boiler plants have been studied. Its use as a secondary technogenic raw material in the production of construction ceramic materials is justified. Consider the chemical-mineralogical composition of peat ash, determine its influence on the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic products and evaluate the potential of using this deviation to reduce environmental impact on the environment and implement principles of circular economy. Methods: A chemical analysis of the ash obtained at «PINDSTRUP» company was carried out, determining the content of oxides of silicon, aluminium, calcium, iron and other elements. Comparative analytical methods are used, including a review of scientific sources and comparison of the data obtained with known research results in the field of industrial and agro-industrial waste treatment. Results: It was found that peat ash is characterized by high content of SiO and Al O , which provides its suitability for use in the composition of ceramic pulp. The addition of 10-20% ash contributes to lower sintering temperature, increased strength and heat insulation properties of products, as well as reducing their mass. The material is shown to be environmentally safe due to low content of heavy metals. Practical relevance: The use of peat ash in the production of building ceramics reduces the cost of production, reduces the burden on natural resources and increases the environmental efficiency of the construction industry. The results confirm the promise of inclusion of ash from burning peat in circular production cycles, which is consistent with the principles of sustainable development and resource conservation and the introduction of innovative environmentally friendly technologies into construction production.
