The presented article investigates the morphological and cultural characteristics of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from spontaneous sour milk products brought from 7 different settlements (Boyuk Bahmanli, Arayatılı, Zargar, Bala Bahmanli, Dilagarda, Babi, Molla Maharramli) located in the Fuzuli district of the Karabakh region. 12 lactic acid bacteria strains (BB1, BB2, AR3, AR4, ZG5, ZG6, BA7, BA8, BA9, DI10, BI11, MM12) were isolated from spontaneous sour milk products brought from these settlements. Two strains (ZG5, ZG6) were observed in the sour milk product of Boyuk Bahmanli (BB1, BB2), Arayatli (AR3, AR4) and Zargar, three strains (BA7, BA8, BA9) were observed in Bala Bahmanli, and one strain (MM12) was observed in Dilaghar (DI10), Babi (BI11), and Molla Maharramli. The color of the colonies of these strains was whitish, yellowish, orange, light pink, shiny, with relatively dark middle parts, and smooth, concave-convex edges. According to their morphological structure, 8 lactic acid bacteria strains (BB1, AR3, AR4, ZG5, BA7, BA8, BI11, MM12) were cocci-shaped and belonged to the Streptococcus genus, and 4 lactic acid bacteria strains (BB2, ZG6, BA9, DI10) were rod-shaped and belonged to the Lactobacillus genus.
Despite the extensive research devoted to the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to systematic physical activity, many issues, particularly those related to central hemodynamics, remain unanswered. Studying the adaptation of the cardiovascular system in athletes is a pressing issue and a subject for future research and discussion. The primary objective of this study was to assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system before and after exercise. The Ruffier test was used as a physical load. The results of the study showed that the Ruffier and Luscher tests were used to assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the psychophysiological status of ASA students. The test results allowed the students' anaerobic performance and adaptability to be assessed as average. The circulatory system's ability to recover was below average. Along with mild stress, the students' performance and structural-dynamic characteristics of their autonomic balance were average.
Energy development has been a fundamental economic challenge for Azerbaijan, leading to the intensive exploitation of natural resources and significant changes in the natural landscape. A significant portion of these lands is contaminated due to oil production without adequate environmental protection, leading to soil degradation. This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of watercress (Lepidium sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in cleaning oil-contaminated grey-meadow soils. The results show that while oil inhibits heterotrophic microorganisms, it increases hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Furthermore, increasing hydrocarbon concentrations negatively impact seed germination and biomass. The study concludes that watercress acts as a sensitive indicator and alfalfa as an accumulative plant for effective soil restoration.
The presented work is devoted to the general characteristics of species that have been recently recorded during the study of the mycobiota of various ecosystems (water, soil, plants) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and are new to the nature of Azerbaijan. In this regard, out of about 190 species recorded in the conducted studies, species such as Alternaria consortialis, Gliomastix murorum, Monilia pistaciae, Papularia roseum, Penicilium atrovenetum, P.clavigerum, P.duclauxii, P.palitans and P.viridicyclopium were recorded for the first time in the territory of Azerbaijan.
This article addresses the issues of lake pollution in the area of the Absheron Peninsula and introduces new approaches to enhancing their self-purification capacity. For the purification of organic and inorganic contaminants of lakes on the Absheron Peninsula, the prospects for using activated sludge microorganisms and the Fermi Start preparation, consisting of an association of microorganisms, were studied. The research found that the use of activated sludge microorganisms can reduce the amount of phenol in the waters of Lake Boyukshor by 99%. Furthermore, it was determined that the Fermi Start preparation is more effective in purifying water contaminated with heavy metals. For example, during one hour of experimentation, the degree of copper removal reached 78%, reducing the metal concentration in water to near the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 1.0 mg/L.
In order to study the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation of athletes after a knee joint injury, the most effective program for the restoration of the injured limb was proposed, as well as a method for the physical rehabilitation of athletes after a knee joint injury, which contributed to the fastest possible restoration of athletic form and the return of athletes to sports activities. The proposed program, developed for the physical rehabilitation of athletes with knee injuries, has proven to be very effective in helping them return to sports during their professional careers. This result is due to the use of a comprehensive approach to recovery in the rehabilitation process with step-by-step, continuous and individual treatment. Compliance with these principles allowed us to eliminate the morphological and functional consequences of knee joint injury as completely, as possible.
The main objective of our work was to analyze the heart rate during recovery after physical activity. We determined the dynamics of heart rate recovery in athletes of different qualifications. After performing physical activity, there is no statistically significant difference in pulse rate in the first minute of recovery between the groups. The rate of recovery of the indicators is maximum in the first three minutes after the end of the load, then it slows down. Differences in the functional state of athletes of different qualifications are shown: masters of sports recover most quickly and completely, and first and second-class athletes recover most slowly and not so effectively. The detailed information we have provided about the activity of the cardiorespiratory system during recovery after physical exertion will allow for more targeted monitoring and correction of the functional state and training process in athletes of different qualifications.
The ecological indicators of the territory along the coastal part of the Caspian Sea show high indices of anthropogenic impact and the degree of disturbance of natural ecosystems under the influence of man-made factors. 6 main sources of potential anthropogenic impact on the components of natural landscapes in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea are identified and analyzed. A systematic analysis of this territory shows the presence of a number of geoecological risk factors of potential multifunctional man-made and anthropogenic impacts on its natural landscapes and a “risk” combining two concepts – “probability of danger” and “damage”. Man-made pollution of soils in this area worsens their physico-chemical properties, composition, structure, reduces the total volume of pores and pore aeration in them, worsens the intensity of gas exchange, increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and reduces the concentration of oxygen. The necessity of forming a green infrastructure in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea in order to increase biodiversity and sustainability of natural ecosystems is substantiated. The expansion of the vegetation area along the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea to 15-20% of the total area of the region will ensure the process of increasing the absorption of man-made carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide into the biomass of trees and provide oxygen to the growing demand in this area. The green infrastructure will have an ecological polyfunctionality – it will purify the atmospheric air and soil from man-made pollutants, the assimilation potential of the environment will increase, the microclimate will improve, and new recreational areas will be created.
In order to study the functional state of the cardiovascular system of student-athletes, the heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after physical exercise. The Harvard step test was used as a physical load. According to the results of the Harvard step test, the functional performance of the athletes varied from high to low. The data obtained allow us to assess the anaerobic physical performance of the student-athletes as high. The ability to restore blood circulation was at a good level. The results confirm that the Harvard step test can be used to assess the physical condition of well-trained athletes.
In the presented work summarizes information about the water resources of Azerbaijan based on literature data, and it is justified that the efficient use of water resources, both in the world and in Azerbaijan, which is part of it, is a problem that needs to be solved, but is still waiting to be solved. Thus, the problems faced by the world's population today include water, primarily freshwater scarcity, and today this issue has a global character. As a part of the world, this problem has a more serious impact in the Republic of Azerbaijan, due to the fact that a certain territory of the country has been under occupation for nearly 30 years, 70% of water resources are formed by transboundary rivers, and some of the states to which these rivers belong have not joined the "Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes", and the lack of an advanced mechanism (including biosafety) that reflects the efficient use of river waters. The main task in eliminating these is to find a balance between social, ecological, and economic relations.
The increasing number of the world's population and the fact that it is happening on the Earth, which is stable against the background of the reduction of the areas used by people for food purposes, has put humanity in a position to face a number of problems. Here is food, lack of energy, raw materials for industry, etc. issues such as If we add to these the global problems of the globalized world, first of all, such as global warming and the loss of biodiversity, then it can be noted that the situation on Earth is not so encouraging. Among the mentioned problems, the problems related to the demand for food and fodder of the Earth's population, as well as other living beings, are of particular importance. Thus, for people to live and function, they must always receive the necessary substances due to the satisfaction of their demand for food and energy from the environment. Already today in this matter, that is, quality food products for people. According to various forecasts, the population of the Earth is expected to be 9.3 billion in 2050, which means that the population is expected to increase by 1.33 times. In return for this increase, people living on Earth in order to meet the demand for food products, it will be necessary to increase the current production of agricultural products by approximately 1.5 times. This forecast is calculated based on the crops grown on the Earth's land used by humans for food production today. This includes global warming, urbanization, etc. as a result of the processes, salinization, desertification, etc. if lands that lose their suitability for cultivation are added, then the yield per hectare will need to be increased more. It is known that although the basis of human food is traditionally various products obtained from plants and animals, there are always products obtained with the direct and indirect participation of microorganisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, among the food products used by people, and more and more products from the mentioned sources are also found, ratio of microorganismschanges for the better. Despite this, plants and animals still remain the main source of human food supply, and for this reason, their research in meeting the human need for food is considered one of the urgent issues of the modern era due to the above-mentioned reasons.
The article talks about the conducted research on the infection of calves with eimeriosis depending on the age and seasons of the year in livestock farms located in Khachmaz and Shabran regions of Guba-Khachmaz economic region, also Bilasuvar and Hajigabul regions of Shirvan-Salyan economic regions. During the researches were studied spread of eimeria parasitizing on calves in farms depending on the seasons and the age of the animals. Depending on the age eymeriosis infection were determined 33.3% in Khachmaz region, 25.0% in Shabran region, 15.2% in Bilasuvar region, and 21.2% in Hajigabul region. As a result of examinations carried out in calves according to the seasons of the year was found infection eimeria: 38.1% in spring, 9.5% in summer, 28.6% in autumn, 14.3% in winter in Khachmaz region; 27.8% in spring, 5.6% in summer, 16.7% in autumn, 11.1% in winter in Shabran region; 30.4% in spring, 4.3% in summer, 17.4% in autumn, 8.7% in winter in Bilasuvar region; 21.1% in spring, no infection in summer, 15.8% in autumn, 5.3% in winter in Hajigabul region. The presence of factors (temperature, moisture, oxygen) necessary to the development of Eimeria oocysts in spring and autumn has a positive, and the decrease in air temperaturse in winter has a negative effect on the development of Eimeria oocysts.
This article deals with the study of the area, ecological conditions, as well as the soil and vegetation cover contaminated with oil and oil products, located in the territory of the Absheron Peninsula, in the operation of the oil fields operated by the SOCAR "Binagadineft" Oil Company or the "Binagadi oil Company" Operating Company. From this point of view, it is known from the research that the Absheron peninsula is the richest oil extraction region in the republic. In the past years, due to the lack of advanced oil extraction technology in the area, non-observance of protection of environmental conditions, the formation of soil contaminated with oil, oil products and groundwater, as well as the lack of natural vegetation occurred here. In this regard, soil pollution in the area of the mines and deposits of "Binaqadineft" NGCI, which was studied, had a negative effect on the ecological conditions of the area and degraded the plant-soil cover. To prevent such a negative process, recultivation of oil-contaminated lands is recommended.
The article indicates the correlation relations between different important farm indicators of the potato and eggplant sort samples of different geographical origin. The leaf surface area, the amount of the chlorophyll in the leaves, the dry biomass and dry substance were determined in the potato and eggplant sort samples. The correlation relations between various important farm indicators of 20 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and 59 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) collection samples cultivated in the Absheron auxiliary experimental farm of the Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute were studied and it was shown that there are exact relations which are the dense according to the Cheddock scale at the p≥0.05% level between these indicators. In potato, the relations between leaf surface area–PP (0.922), leaf surface area–chlorophyll (0.911), leaf surface area–productivity (0.672), chlorophyll–PP (0.872), PP–productivity (0.611), chlorophyll-SSDL (-0.812), PP-SSDL (-0.818), leaf surface area-SSDL (-0.829), and in eggplant, (0.442-0.838) - leaf surface area-PP (0.838), leafsurface area-wet biomass (0.672), leaf surface area-dry biomass (0.612), PP-productivity (0.465), PP-wet biomass (0.455) and leaf surface area-productivity (0.442) can be belonged such relations (0.611-0.922) that can be used successfully in the selection which will be carried out in future according to the productivity, quality and adaptability.
For the first time in Azerbaijan Republic, we carried out medical genetic consultation of affected children suspicious of lysosomal storage diseases, and particularly with mucopolysaccharidoses. Patients were from the cities of Baku, Gyandzhe and other areas of the Republic. Consultations were done by doctors: pediatrician and geneticist. As to clinical manifestations, 19 index patients and 54 members in their families: Hurler syndrome (1 patient), Hunter syndrome (5 patients), Morquio syndrome (13 patients). NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technique was used for molecular genetic diagnostics. In index patient suspicious with Hurler syndrome (MPS I) mutation of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) (NP_000194,2: c.1882C>T, p.Arg628Ter) was identified in homozygous state. Among patients with clinical manifestations of Hunter syndrome (MPS II) three mutations iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene: 1106C>G (p.Asp358Leu), c.322T>G (p.Asp358Leu) and c.1215del (p.Leu*34406Phefs) were identified in hemizygous state. In patients with Morquio syndrome (MPS IVA) 9 mutations of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALBS) gene and one mutation beta-galactosidase (GLB1) c.176G-A (p.Arg59His) Morquio syndrome (MPS IVB) were identified. Nine mutations are as follows: c.1144C>G (p.Leu382Val), c.1265A>G (p.Gln422Arg), c.463G>T (p.Gly155Cys), c.1018 G>T (p.Gly340Cys). c.157G>A (p.Gly53Arg), c.553C>T (p.Pro185Ser), c.443A>G (p.His148Arg), c.1283A>G (p.Gln428Arg), c.439T>A (p.Trp147Arg). When examining affected children family members, 41 people with heterozygous carriage of GALNS gene were identified: MPS III, MPS II-12, MPS IVA-26, relatively. In one sibling of the index patient with Morquio syndrome (MPS IVA) c.463G>T (p.Gly155Cys) mutation was found in homozygous state. Obtained experimental results allow doctors to direct patients to proper treatment as well as prophylactic activities with families including fetus prenatal diagnostics in next pregnancies.
The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection since 2019 created a havoc worldwide. To add to this, the appearance of various variants from all parts of the world increased the pandemic and transmission capacity of the virus. Since proteins play the final role during the entry, replication as well as exit events, it becomes necessary to understand changes that might have taken place in all the protein constituents of the virus when it is inside the host. Present study was undertaken to look for the various protein components of the virus that is detectable in the host cell and its comparative existence in different variants of SARS-COV-2. The electrophoresis of the virus samples isolated from Vero cell lines were performed and then subjected for LC-Mass Spectrometric analysis. It was observed that Spike protein was the major protein visible in the Delta strain quantitatively compared to Wuhan and Omicron strains. On the other hand, Membrane protein which was of low molecular weight appeared to be stable in all three variants. The study addresses the prominent appearance of Spike protein of Delta strain in the infected cells that might have led to increased transmissibility and cell to cell infection compared to other strains.
Hepatitis C virus is one of the leading cause of serious complications, cirrhosis and cancer of the liver. The RNA of the virus encodes for 10 proteins each playing an important role either as structural or non-structural component. Hepatitis C virus which is a member of the Flavivirus family, is considered to be the only RNA virus which is associated with progression to Cancer, and which still remains a question for many researchers. Studies are ongoing in looking into how the various viral protein interacts in subduing the normal function of the liver cells, but the transformation events also remain to be fully proved. In the present study, we have undertaken in-silico studies of important viral proteins and studied their interaction with the tumor suppressing protein. It was observed that the confidence score above 0.9 indicated higher binding affinity which was found to occur between viral NS5 protein and p53 protein. This suggest that the non-structural protein NS5 may interact with the p53 protein during the course of its synthesis and may thus inhibit the functionality of the tumor suppressing protein leading to progression of cancer after some time.
Both in the world and in our republic, sufficient methods are used for the treatment of oil-contaminated soils, and the search for new methods and technologies is focused on as a priority direction. It is clear that when considering each method, its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. At this time, aspects such as environmental safety, economic efficiency, impact on human health and the environment, practicality and ease of purchase are taken into account during the use of that method. In this review article, the purpose of determining the advantages and disadvantages of the use of physical, chemical and biological recovery methods, guided by the world practice, was chosen as the goal of eliminating the problem. At this time, the main attention was focused on ecological safety and improving the state of the environment, for this purpose it was determined that bioremediation, especially the use of micromycetes in remediation, is more suitable for the purpose.
