Background: Environmental degradation, particularly the global groundwater crisis, necessitates a fundamental shift in human behaviour towards more sustainable resource management. Objective: This study aims to design and evaluate an Integrated Conservation Edu-tourism (ICET) model in the Sulangai Tourism Village, Bali, with a focus on bridging the gap between technical conservation and experiential tourism. Methodology: The model was developed using the Ergonomics SHIP (Systemic, Holistic, Interdisciplinary, and Participatory) approach. This action research integrated technical infrastructure strengthening, such as Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) recharge wells, with human capital development through training and mentoring. The performance was measured using a pre-test and post-test framework to assess changes in community competency and awareness. Results: The SWOT analysis positioned the project in the "Aggressive Zone," indicating strong potential for growth-oriented strategies. Post-intervention results showed a significant increase in technical competency, particularly in water conservation and waste management, with technical skills surging by 15.17%. Furthermore, 83.90% of participants expressed readiness to serve as Disaster Response Village Squads. Conclusion: The ICET model effectively transforms the delivery of passive tourist experiences into active conservation participation, empowering local communities in managing the ICET and becoming competent environmental stewards. This approach provides a scalable blueprint for sustainable rural tourism.
Cost overruns remain a persistent challenge in construction projects, particularly in environmentally complex settings such as coastal areas. This study aims to analyse the determinants of variation orders and their impact on cost overruns in coastal construction projects, using a case study in Bali, Indonesia. A quantitative approach was adopted, with data collected through structured questionnaires from 30 construction professionals, including project managers, engineers, and quantity surveyors. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression to examine the influence of design, specification, safety, and scope-related factors on cost overruns. The results indicate that variation orders have a significant effect on cost overruns, both simultaneously and partially. Among the examined variables, scope changes were identified as the most dominant factor, followed by design, safety, and specification factors. These findings suggest that instability in project scope, combined with design revisions and operational adjustments, plays a critical role in driving cost escalation. Importantly, this study reveals that variation orders in coastal construction projects are not solely driven by internal project factors but are also strongly influenced by environmental uncertainty, such as tidal conditions, shoreline dynamics, and regulatory requirements.
This study aims to identify the capability gaps of the existing dashboard in supporting defect management and to analyze the potential contribution of Building Information Modeling (BIM) through the formulation of a conceptual model for QMIS-BIM integration. This research adopts a case study approach at PT X through archival analysis, questionnaire surveys, and expert validation using the Delphi method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate the existing conditions, as well as Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine the structural relationships among the research variables. The findings indicate that QMIS serves as the core integration system that connects organizational policy and culture, BIM technology, and defect management activities within a unified digital framework. The output of this study is a data integration-based conceptual model developed from the existing dashboard framework as a strategic foundation for the future development of a QMIS-BIM platform. The proposed model is intended to shorten the defect handling cycle, improve the accuracy of defect detection and resolution, and bridge communication and information distribution barriers within the defect management process. Therefore, QMIS-BIM integration is expected to support the improvement of quality assurance efficiency and effectiveness in PT X’s construction project implementation.
Construction project delays remain a major challenge in the construction industry because they significantly affect project cost, productivity, and overall project performance. Residential construction projects in tourism-oriented regions such as Bali are particularly vulnerable to schedule deviations due to design changes, labor shortages, and coordination problems, which may reduce investment performance and operational readiness. Therefore, effective project acceleration strategies are required to minimize delays while maintaining cost efficiency. This study aims to analyze the time–cost trade-off resulting from project acceleration using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) and crashing techniques in the Brand New Modern Villa Berawa Canggu Project, Bali, Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using primary and secondary project data, including work schedules, labor productivity, overtime wages, and project cost data. PDM analysis was conducted using Microsoft Project to identify critical activities, followed by crashing analysis through overtime work and additional labor allocation. The results indicate that project acceleration successfully reduced the project duration from 413 calendar days to 392 calendar days, resulting in a total time efficiency of 21 days.
Managing the casting of large-volume raft foundations for the Cyclone Preheater Tower Foundation project required a supply of K-300 kg/cm2 ready-mix concrete. The raft foundation dimensions were 39,900 mm * 27,900 mm * 3,000 mm, with a volume of 3,338 m3. The casting had to be completed within six calendar days, a very tight timeframe for such a large volume of concrete. To ensure successful implementation and prevent additional timeframes, coordination between all parties involved in the project is essential at all stages. There are six stages of implementation: 1. Contractor collaboration with the batching plant company, 2. Reporting the results of the contractor-batch plant collaboration to the owner through the supervising consultant, 3. Casting preparation, 4. Concrete treatment before casting, 5. Concrete treatment during casting, 6. Concrete maintenance/curing.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented challenges, affecting mental health and well-being. It has severely affected the various attributes of the personality of an individual. Sports persons, who often rely on structured routines, physical activity, and social interactions for their mental health, faced unique challenges during the pandemic. Similarly, non-sports persons encountered their own set of challenges, such as disrupted daily routines and social isolation. This study aimed to compare the mood of sports persons and non-sports persons during the pandemic using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. A sample size of 30 individuals, 15 for each group (sports and non-sports), aged between 20 and 25 years, was selected. Sports persons were those who participated in inter-university competitions, and non-sports persons were those who did not participate in any sports activity. The t-test was used for statistical analysis to compare the data of both groups. The results showed a significant difference in mood disturbance levels between the two groups, with non-sports persons exhibiting higher levels of mood disturbance. The findings suggest that engaging in sports activities can have a positive impact on mental health during the pandemic.
The construction project of Mrs. Tiya & Mr. Tom's Private Residence in Kemenuh-Gianyar is a 3-story villa development chosen as a case study due to discrepancies between the consultant's plans and the actual field conditions. This necessitated a method to optimize work completion. One proposed solution for accelerating the project was to add more workers. Based on the initial plan, the project required 104 days (3 months and 2 weeks) for completion, with a total structural work cost of Rp. 703,803,162.24. After analysis with the alternative of adding more workers, the project completion duration could return to the schedule of 90 days (3 months) or be accelerated by 12 days (2 weeks), with a total cost of Rp. 671,298,258.93. This concludes that adding more workers is an effective method to increase time efficiency by 14.29% and decrease costs by 4.6%, or the equivalent of Rp. 32,504,903.31.
To measure its reliability, the quality of work and materials should be assessed using objective tools and methods. For example, concrete quality is measured using tools and methods of compression testing or a hammer test tool; the results are expressed in terms of characteristic compressive strength (f'c). Steel quality is determined by the tensile test method, and the quality or strength is expressed in tensile strength (fy). The quality of the highway surface is determined by the roughness test method using the NAASRA roughness meter and the results are expressed with good, moderate and poor criteria, correlated with the International Roughness Index (IRI) value, namely good roughness if the IRI value is <75 inches/mile, moderate for IRI values between 70-170 inches/mile and poor IRI > 170 inches/mile. The hydraulic quality of the drainage channel surface to date cannot be determined with objective tools and methods. Similar to the quality of the road surface, the hydraulic quality of the channel is also determined based on the criteria: good, moderate/normal, and poor, correlated with the Manning roughness coefficient; the difference is that there is no objective value for the good, moderate, and poor criteria.
Mini hydroelectric plants are a renewable energy source that harnesses the flow of water to generate electricity sustainably on a smaller scale. The objective of this research is to analyze the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of mini hydroelectric plants. implementation of a mini hydroelectric plant with a reversible system, taken as a basis of this study, examines the "La Esperanza" dam to provide electricity to the communities supplied by the Calceta substation. The methodology employed was a literature review, resulting in a research thesis that allowed for the analysis of data collected at the study site. The results indicate that poor management and lack of maintenance have rendered the dam inoperable. Furthermore, the research suggests the possibility of converting the dam from storage to pumped storage and restoring the plant to operation. The ratio between energy generated and energy used for pumping revealed that this is technically feasible. Finally, it was concluded that, due to the results obtained, through economic investment and proper management, the mini hydroelectric plant in Manabí will be able to guarantee a continuous and sustainable energy supply to different communities that currently have poor energy quality and others that are not electrified.
The use of manual tools in the process of polishing car wheels is still widely found in variety workshops, which has an impact on low work efficiency and high physical load of operators. This research aims to design and build ergonomics-based car wheel polishing tools to improve operator efficiency and work comfort. The method used is design and construction with an ergonomic approach, starting from identifying user needs, collecting anthropometric data, to testing the functional of the tool. The design of the tool was adjusted to the anthropometric data of 10 workshop operator respondents, resulting in a tool with dimensions of 100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm. The evaluation was carried out by comparing the polishing performance manually and using tools in terms of working time, fatigue level (Borg CR-10), and work posture (RULA). The results showed that the average polishing time decreased from 65 minutes (manual) to 12.3 minutes (using tools), with a time efficiency of 80.8%. The fatigue score decreased from 7.6 to 2.9, and the RULA score showed a decrease in ergonomic risk from high to moderate-low. The paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) across the parameters tested.
The construction industry is inherently associated with a high risk of occupational accidents. A major contributing factor to such incidents is the inadequate implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices. To mitigate these risks, the professional application of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) is crucial and should comply with relevant laws and government regulations. This study aims to assess the level of OSHMS implementation in the construction of the Menara Mandiri Building in Denpasar and to identify key factors influencing its application. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through the use of checklists and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using percentage analysis to determine the implementation level, descriptive statistics (mean values), and ranking analysis to identify influential factors. The findings indicate that the OSHMS implementation level was satisfactory, with a compliance rate of 96.39% and a minor non-compliance rate of 3.61%. The most significant factor influencing the implementation of OSHMS was the availability of occupational safety and health training for workers.
A strong and durable structure is the expectation for every building. However, in the implementation of concrete manufacturing projects, there are still many issues due to the quality of concrete not meeting the plan specifications, resulting in an inability to withstand the working load. For example, in the building construction project at Wonderland Uluwatu, the planned concrete quality for the cantilever beam was K300. However, when the hammer test was conducted at 28 days of curing, the expected quality was not achieved. So, a cantilever beam is necessary to repair and strengthen the concrete structure of the building to ensure its safety. This research compares the reinforcement methods for cantilever beams in terms of cost. Two cantilever beam reinforcement methods will be implemented: first, steel jacketing reinforcement using 8 mm and 10 mm thick steel plates; second, IWF steel reinforcement with dimensions of 500 mm x 200 mm x 10 mm x 16 mm. These reinforcement methods will be evaluated through deflection analysis and deviation analysis. The results of this study indicate that the cost of the steel jacketing reinforcement method with thicknesses of 8 mm and 10 mm amounts to Rp. 345,086,768.00.
This study focuses on identifying the relationship between risk factors related to environmental conditions, external factors, and technical aspects that affect the cost performance of underwater pipeline construction projects. The main objectives of this study are to understand the qualitative risk assessment that affects the contingency cost performance of underwater pipeline construction projects, and to identify the relationship between various risk factors. The methodology in this study involves a case study approach on a submarine pipeline project in the Java Sea, utilizing historical analysis and expert information to identify potential risks and their impacts on project costs using fuzzy-based qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study found two field condition risk factors, one external risk and thirteen technical risk factors in a submarine pipeline construction project using the S-Lay method. In an academic context, this study conducts an in-depth and detailed analysis of the identification stage, analysis, classification of risk levels (field conditions, external and technical), relationships between risk variables, corrective actions, corrective action costs, and contingency cost analysis. The results of the analysis help in estimating project costs in more detail.
Solar energy has managed to establish itself as one of the most promising and sustainable alternatives when it comes to addressing the different energy challenges at a global level, especially in developing countries, which do not have a good energy system since their electricity grids can present drawbacks. Currently, in Ecuador, periodic power outages affect both residential and educational areas, making daily activities and the development of academic projects difficult. This phenomenon is very notorious in the province of Manabí, specifically in the Technical University of Manabí, which has frequent interruptions of the electricity supply, which affects its normal operation. The aim is to propose the installation of a photovoltaic system, which is responsible for transforming solar energy into electricity, thus being a sustainable solution that, in addition to helping to reduce dependence on the conventional electricity grid, would also contribute to the transition to renewable and clean energy sources. The result was that the installation of photovoltaic systems at the Technical University of Manabí is a viable solution to counteract recurrent blackouts and move towards greater energy sustainability.
This study aims to develop a material resource control procedure from a contractor's perspective that is integrated with 4D and 5D Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, based on dominant risks at each stage, to improve project time performance. The research approach includes the identification and analysis of dominant risks, integration of activities with BIM, and data processing using the Delphi method and statistical analysis with SPSS version 27. The results of the study showed seven improvements to existing activities and the addition of nine new activities at the stages of shipping, receiving, storing, distributing, and using materials. Of all these activities, twelve can be integrated with BIM technology according to the results of risk validation. To ensure the feasibility of implementation, the developed procedure was tested through a case study on the Public Facility Construction (PFU) project in Gusung Klanceng. The results of the case study showed that the integrated BIM risk-based procedure was able to improve the accuracy of material requirement estimates and control project schedule changes, thereby supporting the achievement of time targets more optimally.
This study aims to determine what evaluation activity factors have an impact on the performance of service providers based on Circular Letter No. 18/SE/M/2021 which is carried out on the type of tender/auction with a single-file evaluation method for the kind of procurement of goods/services that uses the lowest price evaluation method of the post-qualification knockout system on projects with a unit price system. This study found that all independent variables, namely arithmetic corrections, conflicts of interest and indications of collusion, administration, qualifications, technical, price and specifications, design and changes, impact the performance of service providers, which are dependent variables. Technical evaluation activities and qualification evaluations have a dominant influence among other variables on the performance of service providers. This research produces modeling and improvements to improve the performance of service providers in the pre-construction stage, which is expected to minimize problems during the project.
A railway station is a place of departure and stoppage for trains. Poor, inappropriate maintenance and upkeep of infrastructure without strict supervision can result in physical damage to the infrastructure itself, thus losing its initial value and reducing the service life of the infrastructure. If the maintenance and upkeep of infrastructure in the transportation sector is not done properly, it can cause delays or, in the worst case, accidents. To ensure a high level of reliability and availability, the implementation of an effective maintenance program is very important. This is then clarified if poor maintenance and upkeep practices, such as in the transportation sector, can also affect the reliability of the transportation system and even cause life-threatening accidents. Damage or accidents that occur can also lower the company's image and customer or consumer trust. This research aims to develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for maintenance and upkeep work on station buildings, architectural components, and mechanical electrical. The method used is based on a Literature Study, survey, and case study. The result of this research is the development of SOP maintenance and upkeep work on architectural components and mechanical electrical to improve maintenance performance.
Maintenance and upkeep of railway facilities is important to reduce the risk of work accidents. However, in some cases, there is equipment that is damaged and the equipment is very old. This is due to a lack of attention to public railway depot maintenance and maintenance work. This research discusses the evaluation of financing for maintenance and upkeep work, where in reality in the field, many railway maintenance facilities cannot be used properly due to negligence in the maintenance process. The aim of this research is to improve the maintenance and maintenance performance of railway depots in the aspects of structural buildings, rails and equipment supporting maintenance of railway facilities. The method used in this research is a literature review, case study, and survey conducted by distributing questionnaires to several experts, namely those carrying out maintenance activities at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), PT LRT Jakarta, and several sources who participated in the construction of the railway depot. The results of this research are the WBS of maintenance and upkeep work which is used to improve the maintenance and maintenance performance of railway depots.
Infrastructure development in Indonesia is key to improving connectivity and equitable development, although it often faces project management challenges such as errors in contract documents that trigger disputes. The government has adopted the Design and Build method to accelerate construction and reduce design errors, but this method often creates more disputes than conventional methods. This study evaluates the implementation of the Integrated Design and Build Contract system in government projects based on LKPP Regulation No. 12 of 2021 and the Contract Management Body of Knowledge (CMBOK) 7th Edition, focusing on integrating contract management processes and risk analysis. Through questionnaires, expert interviews, and statistical data analysis, this study identified 10 significant high-risk risks, such as incorrect selection of design consultants, inaccurate cost estimates, and frequent design changes, although unidentified utility risks were not proven to be significant to disputes. The results of the study provide strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the contract system, reduce disputes, and support the performance of infrastructure projects in Indonesia.
Teaching children at an early age is essential so that they can know and explore the nature of their environment. The research aims to involve students between 3 and 4 years old in the exploration and knowledge of everything that surrounds them related to the environment. Landscape mainly in the place where they live and study, to then teach them the traditions of the different cultures and regions of Ecuador. So in their adolescence and youth, they are interested in getting to know the towns, fauna, landscapes, traditions and gastronomy of the various tourist places that exist in our country Ecuador. The descriptive and interpretive method was used as a methodology through recreational activities and significant experiences. The result was that the children were able to acquire knowledge about the geographical and cultural diversity of their environment and the country with a sense of their own identity and appreciation for their immediate environment. Likewise, adolescents and young people, through interpretations, dramatizations and presentations with costumes and the gastronomic part, acquire knowledge of the biodiversity of the regions of the country.
